history of the britons-第3章

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Africa；　and　arrived；　with　his　family；　at　the　altars　of　the　Philis…
tines；　by　the　Lake　of　Osiers。　　Then　passing　between　Rusicada　and
the　hilly　country　of　Syria；　they　travelled　by　the　river　Malva
through　Mauritania　as　far　as　the　Pillars　of　Hercules；　and　crossing
the　Tyrrhene　Sea；　landed　in　Spain；　where　they　continued　many　years；
having　greatly　increased　and　multiplied。　　Thence；　a　thousand　and
two　years　after　the　Egyptians　were　lost　in　the　Red　Sea；　they　passed
into　Ireland；　and　the　district　of　Dalrieta。*　At　that　period；　Brutus；
who　first　exercised　the　consular　office；　reigned　over　the　Romans；
and　the　state；　which　before　was　governed　by　regal　power；　was
afterwards　ruled；　during　four　hundred　and　forty…seven　years；　by
consuls；　tribunes　of　the　people；　and　dictators。
*　North…western　part　of　Antrim　in　Ulster。

The　Britons　came　to　Britain　in　the　third　age　of　the　world；　and　in
the　fourth；　the　Scots　took　possession　of　Ireland。

The　Britons　who；　suspecting　no　hostilities；　were　unprovided　with
the　means　of　defence；　were　unanimously　and　incessantly　attacked；
both　by　the　Scots　from　the　west；　and　by　the　Picts　from　the　north。
A　long　interval　after　this；　the　Romans　obtained　the　empire　of　the
world。

16。　From　the　first　arrival　of　the　Saxons　into　Britain；　to　the
fourth　year　of　king　Mermenus；　are　computed　four　hundred　and　twenty
eight　years；　from　the　nativity　of　our　Lord　to　the　coming　of　St。
Patrick　among　the　Scots；　four　hundred　and　five　years；　from　the
death　of　St。　Patrick　to　that　of　St。　Bridget；　forty　years；　and　from
the　birth　of　Columeille＇1＇　to　the　death　of　St　Bridget　four　years。＇2＇
＇1＇　V。R。　Columba。
＇2＇　Some　MSS。　add；　the　beginning　of　the　calculation　is　23　cycles
of　19　years　from　the　incarnation　of　our　Lord　to　the　arrival　of
St。　Patrick　in　Ireland；　and　they　make　438　years。　　And　from　the
arrival　of　St。　Patrick　to　the　cycle　of　19　years　in　which　we　live
are　22　cycles；　which　make　421　years。

17。　I　have　learned　another　account　of　this　Brutus　from　the　ancient
books　of　our　ancestors。*　After　the　deluge；　the　three　sons　of　Noah
severally　occupied　three　different　parts　of　the　earth：　Shem　extended
his　borders　into　Asia；　Ham　into　Africa；　and　Japheth　in　Europe。
*　This　proves　the　tradition　of　Brutus　to　be　older　than　Geoffrey
or　Tyssilio；　unless　these　notices　of　Brutus　have　been　interpolated
in　the　original　work　of　Nennius。

The　first　man　that　dwelt　in　Europe　was　Alanus；　with　his　three　sons；
Hisicion；　Armenon；　and　Neugio。　　Hisicion　had　four　sons；　Francus；
Romanus；　Alamanus；　and　Brutus。　　Armenon　had　five　sons；　Gothus；
Valagothus；　Cibidus；　Burgundus；　and　Longobardus。　　Neugio　had　three
sons；　Vandalus；　Saxo；　and　Boganus。　　From　Hisicion　arose　four
nationsthe　Franks；　the　Latins；　the　Germans；　and　Britons：　from
Armenon；　the　Gothi；　Balagothi；　Cibidi；　Burgundi；　and　Longobardi：
from　Neugio；　the　Bogari；　Vandali；　Saxones；　and　Tarinegi。　　The
whole　of　Europe　was　subdivided　into　these　tribes。

Alanus　is　said　to　have　been　the　son　of　Fethuir；*　Fethuir；　the　son
of　Ogomuin；　who　was　the　son　of　Thoi；　Thoi　was　the　son　of　Boibus；
Boibus　of　Semion；　Semion　of　Mair；　Mair　of　Ecthactus；　Ecthactus　of
Aurthack；　Aurthack　of　Ethec；　Ethec　of　Ooth；　Ooth　of　Aber；　Aber　of
Ra；　Ra　of　Esraa；　Esraa　of　Hisrau；　Hisrau　of　Bath；　Bath　of　Jobath；
Jobath　of　Joham；　Joham　of　Japheth；　Japheth　of　Noah；　Noah　of　Lamech；
Lamech　of　Mathusalem；　Mathusalem　of　Enoch；　Enoch　of　Jared；　Jared
of　Malalehel；　Malalehel　of　Cainan；　Cainan　of　Enos；　Enos　of　Seth；
Seth　of　Adam；　and　Adam　was　formed　by　the　living　God。　　We　have
obtained　this　information　respecting　the　original　inhabitants　of
Britain　from　ancient　tradition。
*　This　genealogy　is　different　in　almost　all　the　MSS。

18。　The　Britons　were　thus　called　from　Brutus：　Brutus　was　the　son
of　Hisicion；　Hisicion　was　the　son　of　Alanus；　Alanus　was　the　son
of　Rhea　Silvia；　Fhea　Silvia　was　the　daughter　of　Numa　Pompilius；
Numa　was　the　son　of　Ascanius；　Ascanius　of　Eneas；　Eneas　of　Anchises；
Anchises　of　Troius；　Troius　of　Dardanus；　Dardanus　of　Flisa；　Flisa
of　Juuin；　Juuin　of　Japheth；　but　Japheth　had　seven　sons；　from　the
first　named　Gomer；　descended　the　Galli；　from　the　second；　Magog；　the
Scythi　and　Gothi；　from　the　third；　Madian；　the　Medi；　from　the　fourth；
Juuan；　the　Greeks；　from　the　fifth；　Tubal；　arose　the　Hebrei；　Hispani；
and　Itali；　from　the　sixth；　Mosoch；　sprung　the　Cappadoces；　and　from
the　seventh；　named　Tiras；　descended　the　Thraces：　these　are　the　sons
of　Japheth；　the　son　of　Noah；　the　son　of　Lamech。

19。*　The　Romans；　having　obtained　the　dominion　of　the　world；　sent
legates　or　deputies　to　the　Britons　to　demand　of　them　hostages　and
tribute；　which　they　received　from　all　other　countries　and　islands；
but　they；　fierce；　disdainful；　and　haughty；　treated　the　legation
with　contempt。
*　Some　MSS。　add；　I　will　now　return　to　the　point　from　which　I　made
this　digression。

Then　Julius　Caesar；　the　first　who　had　acquired　absolute　power　at
Rome；　highly　incensed　against　the　Britons；　sailed　with　sixty
vessels　to　the　mouth　of　the　Thames；　where　they　suffered　shipwreck
whilst　he　fought　against　Dolobellus；　（the　proconsul　of　the　British
king；　who　was　called　Belinus；　and　who　was　the　son　of　Minocannus
who　governed　all　the　islands　of　the　Tyrrhene　Sea）；　and　thus　Julius
Caesar　returned　home　without　victory；　having　had　his　soldiers
Slain；　and　his　ships　shattered。

20。　But　after　three　years　he　again　appeared　with　a　large　army；
and　three　hundred　ships；　at　the　mouth　of　the　Thames；　where　he
renewed　hostilities。　　In　this　attempt　many　of　his　soldiers　and
horses　were　killed；　for　the　same　consul　had　placed　iron　pikes　in
the　shallow　part　of　the　river；　and　this　having　been　effected　with
so　much　skill　and　secrecy　as　to　escape　the　notice　of　the　Roman
soldiers；　did　them　considerable　injury；　thus　Caesar　was　once　more
compelled　to　return　without　peace　or　victory。　　The　Romans　were；
therefore；　a　third　time　sent　against　the　Britons；　and　under　the
command　of　Julius；　defeated　them　near　a　place　called　Trinovantum
＇London＇；　forty…seven　years　before　the　birth　of　Christ；　and　five
thousand　two　hundred　and　twelve　years　from　the　creation。

Julius　was　the　first　exercising　supreme　power　over　the　Romans　who
invaded　Britain：　in　honour　of　him　the　Romans　decreed　the　fifth　month
to　be　called　after　his　name。　　He　was　assassinated　in　the　Curia；　in
the　ides　of　March；　and　Octavius　Augustus　succeeded　to　the　empire
of　the　world。　　He　was　the　only　emperor　who　received　tribute　from
the　Britons；　according　to　the　following　verse　of　Virgil：　〃Purpurea
intexti　tollunt　aulaea　Britanni。〃

21。　The　second　after　him；　who　came　into　Britain；　was　the　emperor
Claudius；　who　reigned　forty…seven　years　after　the　birth　of　Christ。
He　carried　with　him　war　and　devastation；　and；　though　not　without
loss　of　men；　he　at　length　conquered　Britain。　　He　next　sailed　to
the　Orkneys；　which　he　likewise　conquered；　and　afterwards　rendered
tributary。　　No　tribute　was　in　his　time　received　from　the　Britons；
but　it　was　paid　to　British　emperors。　　He　reigned　thirteen　years
and　eight　months。　　His　monument　is　to　be　seen　at　Moguntia　（among
the　Lombards）；　where　he　died　in　his　way　to　Rome。

22。　After　the　birth　of　Christ；　one　hundred　and　sixty…seven　years；
king　Lucius；　with　all　the　chiefs　of　the　British　people；　received
baptism；　in　consequence　of　a　legation　sent　by　the　Roman　emperors
and　pope　Evaristus。*
*　V。R。　Eucharistus。　　A　marginal　note　in　the　Arundel　MS。　adds；
〃He　is　wrong；　because　the　first　year　of　Evaristus　was　A。D。　79；
whereas　the　first　year　of　Eleutherius；　whom　he　ought　to　have
named；　was　A。D。　161。〃　　Usher　says；　that　in　one　MS。　of　Nennius　he
found　the　name　of　Eleutherius。

23。　Severus　was　the　third　emperor　who　passed　the　sea　to　Britain；
where；　to　protect　the　provinces　recovered　from　barbaric　incursions；
he　ordered　a　wall　and　a　rampart　to　be　made　between　the　Britons；　the
Scots；　and　the　Picts；　extending　across　the　island　from　sea　to　sea；
in　length　one　hundred　and　thirty…three　miles：　and　it　is　called　in
the　British　language　Gwal。*　　Moreover；　he　ordered　it　to　be　made
between　the　Britons；　and　the　Picts　and　Scots；　for　the　Scots　from
the　west；　and　the　Picts　from　the　north；　unanimously　made　war
against　the　Britons；　but　were　at　peace　among　themselves。　　Not　long
after　Severus　dies