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ection£»¡¡can¡¡he¡¡clear¡¡his¡¡oath¡¡without¡¡giving¡¡that¡¡protection¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡If¡¡I¡¡acknowledge¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡that¡¡this¡¡£¨Dred¡¡Scott£©¡¡decision¡¡properly¡¡construes¡¡the¡¡Constitution£»¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡conceive¡¡that¡¡I¡¡would¡¡be¡¡less¡¡than¡¡a¡¡perjured¡¡man¡¡if¡¡I¡¡should¡¡refuse¡¡in¡¡Congress¡¡to¡¡give¡¡such¡¡protection¡¡to¡¡that¡¡property¡¡as¡¡in¡¡its¡¡nature¡¡is¡¡needed¡£¡¨

He¡¡then¡¡stated¡¡his¡¡fifth¡¡interrogatory£º¡¡¡¡If¡¡slave¡­holding¡¡citizens¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡Territory¡¡should¡¡need¡¡and¡¡demand¡¡congressional¡¡legislation¡¡for¡¡the¡¡protection¡¡of¡¡their¡¡slave¡¡property¡¡in¡¡such¡¡Territory£»¡¡would¡¡you¡¡as¡¡a¡¡Member¡¡of¡¡Congress£»¡¡vote¡¡for¡¡or¡¡against¡¡such¡¡legislation£¿

Douglas¡¡in¡¡his¡¡reply¡¡took¡¡up¡¡Lincoln's¡¡rather¡¡evasive¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡his¡¡second¡¡interrogatory¡¡submitted¡¡at¡¡Ottawa¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Lincoln£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨would¡¡be¡¡exceedingly¡¡sorry¡¡to¡¡be¡¡put¡¡in¡¡a¡¡position¡¡where¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡on¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡the¡¡admission¡¡of¡¡slave¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡Why¡¡is¡¡he¡¡a¡¡candidate¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡if¡¡he¡¡would¡¡be¡¡sorry¡¡to¡¡be¡¡put¡¡in¡¡that¡¡position£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡If¡¡Congress¡¡keeps¡¡out¡¡slavery¡¡by¡¡law¡¡while¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡Territory¡¡and¡¡then¡¡the¡¡people¡¡should¡¡have¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡chance¡¡and¡¡should¡¡adopt¡¡slavery£»¡¡he¡¡supposes¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡admit¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡¡¡Suppose¡¡Congress¡¡should¡¡not¡¡keep¡¡slavery¡¡out¡¡during¡¡their¡¡territorial¡¡existence£»¡¡then¡¡how¡¡would¡¡he¡¡vote¡¡when¡¡the¡¡people¡¡applied¡¡for¡¡admission¡¡with¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡Constitution£¿¡¡¡¡That¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡answer£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡condition¡¡of¡¡every¡¡Territory¡¡we¡¡have¡¡now¡¡got¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡answer¡¡only¡¡applies¡¡to¡¡a¡¡given¡¡case¡¡which¡¡he¡¡knows¡¡does¡¡not¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡any¡¡Territory¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡does¡¡not¡¡want¡¡to¡¡be¡¡held¡¡responsible¡¡for¡¡the¡¡black¡¡Republican¡¡doctrine¡¡of¡¡no¡¡more¡¡slave¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡Why¡¡are¡¡men¡¡running¡¡for¡¡Congress¡¡in¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡Distracts¡¡and¡¡taking¡¡that¡¡Abolition¡¡platform¡¡for¡¡their¡¡guide¡¡when¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡does¡¡not¡¡want¡¡to¡¡be¡¡held¡¡to¡¡it¡¡down¡¡here¡¡in¡¡Egypt£¿¡¡¡¡His¡¡party¡¡in¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡hold¡¡to¡¡that¡¡Abolition¡¡platform£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡in¡¡the¡¡south£»¡¡they¡¡present¡¡the¡¡extra¡­ordinary¡¡spectacle¡¡of¡¡'a¡¡house¡¡divided¡¡against¡¡itself'¡¡and¡¡hence¡¡'cannot¡¡stand¡£'¡¨

In¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡Lincoln's¡¡last¡¡question£»¡¡he¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡¡¨It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡fundamental¡¡article¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Democratic¡¡creed¡¡that¡¡there¡¡should¡¡be¡¡non¡­interference¡¡or¡¡non¡­intervention¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡with¡¡slavery¡¡in¡¡the¡¡States¡¡or¡¡Territories¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Democratic¡¡party¡¡have¡¡always¡¡stood¡¡by¡¡that¡¡great¡¡principle¡¡and¡¡I¡¡stand¡¡on¡¡that¡¡platform¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Lincoln¡¡himself¡¡will¡¡not¡¡answer¡¡this¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡It¡¡is¡¡true¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡£¨he¡¡admits£©¡¡that¡¡under¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡duty¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡for¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡code¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Territories¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡believed¡¡in¡¡that¡¡decision¡¡he¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡perjured¡¡man¡¡if¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡give¡¡the¡¡vote¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡want¡¡to¡¡know¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡is¡¡not¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡a¡¡decision¡¡which¡¡is¡¡contrary¡¡to¡¡his¡¡opinions¡¡just¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡to¡¡one¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡his¡¡opinions£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Is¡¡every¡¡man¡¡in¡¡this¡¡land¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡resist¡¡decisions¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡like¡¡and¡¡only¡¡support¡¡those¡¡which¡¡meet¡¡his¡¡approval£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fundamental¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡judiciary¡¡that¡¡its¡¡decisions¡¡are¡¡final¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡My¡¡doctrine¡¡is¡¡that£»¡¡even¡¡taking¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡view¡¡that¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡recognizes¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡his¡¡slaves¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Territories£»¡¡yet¡¡after¡¡he¡¡gets¡¡them¡¡there¡¡he¡¡needs¡¡affirmative¡¡law¡¡to¡¡make¡¡that¡¡right¡¡of¡¡any¡¡value¡£¡¡The¡¡same¡¡doctrine¡¡applies¡¡to¡¡all¡¡other¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡property¡£

¡¨Suppose¡¡one¡¡of¡¡your¡¡merchants¡¡should¡¡move¡¡to¡¡Kansas¡¡and¡¡open¡¡a¡¡liquor¡¡store£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡take¡¡groceries¡¡or¡¡liquor¡¡there£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡circumstances¡¡under¡¡which¡¡they¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡sold¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡remedies¡¡must¡¡be¡¡prescribed¡¡by¡¡local¡¡legislation£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡that¡¡is¡¡unfriendly¡¡it¡¡will¡¡drive¡¡him¡¡out¡¡just¡¡as¡¡effectually¡¡as¡¡if¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡constitutional¡¡provision¡¡against¡¡the¡¡sale¡¡of¡¡liquor¡£¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡I¡¡assert£»¡¡that¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡decision¡¡you¡¡cannot¡¡maintain¡¡slavery¡¡a¡¡day¡¡in¡¡a¡¡Territory¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡an¡¡unwilling¡¡people¡¡and¡¡unfriendly¡¡legislation¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡the¡¡people¡¡want¡¡slavery¡¡they¡¡will¡¡have¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡want¡¡it¡¡you¡¡cannot¡¡force¡¡it¡¡upon¡¡them¡£¡¨

Neither¡¡Lincoln¡¡nor¡¡Douglas¡¡could¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡fairly¡¡and¡¡fearlessly¡¡grapple¡¡with¡¡the¡¡great¡¡problem¡£¡¡¡¡Lincoln's¡¡virtual¡¡rejection¡¡and¡¡defiance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡suggests¡¡not¡¡reform¡¡but¡¡revolution¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡dark¡¡hints¡¡that¡¡the¡¡decisions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡tribunal¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡accepted¡¡or¡¡obeyed£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡binding¡¡only¡¡on¡¡those¡¡who¡¡believed¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡portended¡¡nothing¡¡less¡¡than¡¡war¡£¡¡¡¡Slavery¡¡being¡¡an¡¡established¡¡institution£»¡¡recognized¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡and¡¡regulated¡¡by¡¡law£»¡¡had¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡exist¡£¡¡¡¡Lincoln¡¡and¡¡his¡¡party¡¡abhorred¡¡it¡¡and¡¡resented¡¡the¡¡injustice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law¡£¡¡Obeying¡¡the¡¡dominant¡¡instinct¡¡of¡¡the¡¡race£»¡¡the¡¡scrupulously¡¡observed¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡the¡¡law¡¡while¡¡waging¡¡war¡¡upon¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡find¡¡either¡¡legal¡¡or¡¡philosophical¡¡foundation¡¡for¡¡Douglas'¡¡arguments¡£¡¡¡¡Slavery¡¡had¡¡been¡¡adjudged¡¡lawful¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Territories¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡proposition¡¡gravely¡¡argued¡¡by¡¡him£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people¡¡could¡¡lawfully¡¡exclude¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡from¡¡a¡¡place¡¡where¡¡it¡¡had¡¡a¡¡lawful¡¡right¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡was¡¡monstrous¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡sternly¡¡rebuked¡¡Lincoln¡¡for¡¡his¡¡irreverence¡¡in¡¡refusing¡¡to¡¡cordially¡¡accept¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡decision¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡next¡¡breath£»¡¡with¡¡shocking¡¡inconsistency£»¡¡dissolved¡¡its¡¡entire¡¡force¡¡in¡¡the¡¡menstruum¡¡of¡¡unfriendly¡¡legislation¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡decision¡¡was¡¡utterly¡¡repugnant¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡both¡¡viewed¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡political¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡a¡¡philosophic¡¡problem¡£¡¡Both¡¡rejected¡¡it¡¡and¡¡the¡¡consequences¡¡flowing¡¡from¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡Lincoln¡¡quibbled¡¡when¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡accept¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule¡¡governing¡¡his¡¡political¡¡conduct¡£¡¡¡¡Douglas£»¡¡by¡¡a¡¡cunning¡¡device£»¡¡sought¡¡to¡¡destroy¡¡its¡¡force¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡private¡¡right¡£¡¡¡¡Lincoln¡¡insisted¡¡on¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡dishonesty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡juggling¡¡trick¡¡by¡¡which¡¡Douglas¡¡got¡¡rid¡¡of¡¡the¡¡adjudicated¡¡law¡£¡¡¡¡Douglas¡¡insisted¡¡on¡¡the¡¡anarchic¡¡spirit¡¡with¡¡which¡¡Lincoln¡¡bade¡¡defiance¡¡to¡¡it¡£

It¡¡would¡¡be¡¡tedious¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡debates¡¡through¡¡in¡¡detail¡£¡¡Necessarily¡¡the¡¡later¡¡arguments¡¡were¡¡mainly¡¡a¡¡repetition¡¡of¡¡those¡¡made¡¡in¡¡the¡¡earlier¡¡speeches¡£¡¡¡¡Thee¡¡was¡¡a¡¡marked¡¡falling¡¡off¡¡in¡¡the¡¡good¡¡temper¡¡and¡¡mutual¡¡courtesy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡combatants¡¡in¡¡the¡¡later¡¡stages¡¡of¡¡the¡¡contest¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡abiding¡¡question¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡argument¡¡constantly¡¡recurred¡¡was¡¡that¡¡of¡¡negro¡¡slavery£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡which¡¡Lincoln¡¡was¡¡darkly¡¡oracular¡¡and¡¡Douglas¡¡was¡¡resolutely¡¡evasive¡£¡¡¡¡Lincoln¡¡again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡pressed¡¡Douglas¡¡to¡¡say¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡regarded¡¡slavery¡¡as¡¡wrong¡£¡¡¡¡Douglas¡¡persistently¡¡declined¡¡the¡¡question¡¡on¡¡the¡¡pleat¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡one¡¡wholly¡¡foreign¡¡to¡¡national¡¡politics¡£¡¡¡¡Each¡¡State¡¡had¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡for¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡right¡¡had¡¡been¡¡delegated¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Territories¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Compromise¡¡act¡¡of¡¡1850¡¡and¡¡again¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Kansas¡­Nebraska¡¡act¡¡of¡¡1854¡£

¡¨I¡¡look¡¡forward£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨to¡¡a¡¡time¡¡when¡¡each¡¡State¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡do¡¡as¡¡it¡¡pleases¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡it¡¡chooses¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡slavery¡¡forever£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡my¡¡business£»¡¡but¡¡its¡¡own£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡chooses¡¡to¡¡abolish¡¡slavery£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡its¡¡own¡¡business£»¡¡not¡¡mine¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡care¡¡more¡¡for¡¡the¡¡great¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡self¡­government£»¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡to¡¡rule£»¡¡then¡¡I¡¡do¡¡for¡¡all¡¡the¡¡negroes¡¡in¡¡Christendom¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡would¡¡not¡¡endanger¡¡the¡¡perpetuity¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Union£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡not¡¡blot¡¡out¡¡the¡¡great¡¡inalienable¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡the¡¡white¡¡man£»¡¡for¡¡all¡¡the¡¡negroes¡¡that¡¡ever¡¡existed¡£¡¨

Lincoln¡¡persistently¡¡pressed¡¡his¡¡argument£º¡¡¡¡¡¨When¡¡Douglas¡¡says¡¡he¡¡don't¡¡care¡¡whether¡¡slaver¡¡is¡¡voted¡¡up¡¡or¡¡voted¡¡down£»¡¡he¡¡can¡¡thus¡¡argue¡¡logically¡¡if¡¡he¡¡don't¡¡see¡¡anything¡¡wrong¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡cannot¡¡say¡¡so¡¡logically¡¡if¡¡he¡¡admits¡¡that¡¡slavery¡¡is¡¡wrong¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡cannot¡¡say¡¡that¡¡the¡¡would¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡see¡¡a¡¡wrong¡¡voted¡¡up¡¡as¡¡voted¡¡down¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡he¡¡says¡¡that¡¡slave¡¡property¡¡and¡¡horse¡¡and¡¡hog¡¡property¡¡are¡¡alike¡¡to¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡go¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Territories¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡equality£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡reasoning¡¡truly¡¡if¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡difference¡¡between¡¡them¡¡and¡¡property£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡the¡¡one¡¡is¡¡property¡¡held¡¡rightfully¡¡and¡¡the¡¡other¡¡is¡¡wrong£»¡¡then¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡equality¡¡between¡¡the¡¡right¡¡and¡¡the¡¡wrong¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡That¡¡is¡¡the¡¡real¡¡issue¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡is¡¡the¡¡issue¡¡that¡¡will¡¡continue¡¡in¡¡this¡¡country¡¡when¡¡these¡¡poor¡¡tongues¡¡of¡¡Judge¡¡Douglas¡¡and¡¡myself¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡silent¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡eternal¡¡struggle¡¡between¡¡these¡¡two¡¡principles¡¡that¡¡have¡¡stood¡¡face¡¡to¡¡face¡¡from¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡time¡¡and¡¡will¡¡ever¡¡continue¡¡to¡¡struggle¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡one¡¡is¡¡the¡¡common¡¡right¡¡of¡¡humanity¡¡and¡¡the¡¡other¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡right¡¡of¡¡kings¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same¡¡principle¡¡in¡¡whatever¡¡shape¡¡it¡¡develops¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same¡¡spirit¡¡that¡¡says£»¡¡'you¡¡work¡¡and¡¡toil¡¡and¡¡earn¡¡bread£»¡¡and¡¡I'll¡¡eat¡¡it¡£

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