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s¡¡voted¡¡down¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡If¡¡it¡¡was¡¡done¡¡for¡¡a¡¡different¡¡reason£»¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡he¡¡knows¡¡what¡¡that¡¡reason¡¡was¡¡and¡¡can¡¡tell¡¡us¡¡what¡¡it¡¡was¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡It¡¡will¡¡be¡¡vastly¡¡more¡¡satisfactory¡¡to¡¡the¡¡country¡¡for¡¡him¡¡to¡¡give¡¡some¡¡other¡¡intelligible£»¡¡plausible¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡it¡¡was¡¡voted¡¡down¡¡than¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡dignity¡¡and¡¡call¡¡people¡¡liars¡£¡¨

Cass£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡said£»¡¡on¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Democrats¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Senate£»¡¡proposed¡¡to¡¡Chase¡¡that¡¡he¡¡so¡¡change¡¡his¡¡amendment¡¡as¡¡to¡¡provide¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Territory¡¡should¡¡have¡¡power¡¡either¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡or¡¡exclude¡¡slavery£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡would¡¡accept¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡Chase£»¡¡having¡¡conscientious¡¡scruples¡¡on¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡slavery£»¡¡declined¡¡to¡¡do¡¡this¡¡and¡¡his¡¡amendment¡¡was¡¡voted¡¡down¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡possible¡¡for¡¡them¡¡to¡¡have¡¡accepted¡¡Chase's¡¡amendment£»¡¡forbidden¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡rule£»¡¡but¡¡an¡¡amendment¡¡to¡¡the¡¡amended¡¡bill£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡permitted¡£

Douglas£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡reply£»¡¡with¡¡admirable¡¡readiness£»¡¡addressed¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡Lincoln's¡¡four¡¡questions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨In¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡Kansas£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨it¡¡is¡¡my¡¡opinion¡¡that£»¡¡as¡¡she¡¡has¡¡population¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡constitute¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡State£»¡¡she¡¡has¡¡people¡¡enough¡¡for¡¡a¡¡free¡¡State¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡The¡¡next¡¡question¡¡is£»¡¡'Can¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Territory¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡exclude¡¡slavery¡¡prior¡¡to¡¡the¡¡formation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡State¡¡Constitution£¿'¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡In¡¡my¡¡opinion¡¡they¡¡can¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡It¡¡matters¡¡not¡¡in¡¡what¡¡way¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡may¡¡hereafter¡¡decide¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡question¡¡whether¡¡slavery¡¡may¡¡or¡¡may¡¡not¡¡go¡¡into¡¡a¡¡Territory¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Constitution£»¡¡the¡¡people¡¡have¡¡the¡¡lawful¡¡means¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡it¡¡or¡¡exclude¡¡it¡¡as¡¡they¡¡please£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡slavery¡¡cannot¡¡exist¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡anywhere£»¡¡unless¡¡it¡¡is¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡local¡¡police¡¡regulations¡£¡¡Those¡¡police¡¡regulations¡¡can¡¡only¡¡be¡¡established¡¡by¡¡the¡¡local¡¡legislature£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡the¡¡people¡¡are¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡slavery¡¡they¡¡will¡¡elect¡¡representatives¡¡to¡¡that¡¡body¡¡who¡¡will£»¡¡by¡¡unfriendly¡¡legislation£»¡¡effectually¡¡prevent¡¡the¡¡introduction¡¡of¡¡it¡¡into¡¡their¡¡midst¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary¡¡they¡¡are¡¡for¡¡it£»¡¡their¡¡legislation¡¡will¡¡favor¡¡its¡¡extension¡£¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡may¡¡be¡¡on¡¡that¡¡abstract¡¡question£»¡¡still¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡Territory¡¡or¡¡a¡¡free¡¡Territory£»¡¡is¡¡perfect¡¡and¡¡complete¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Nebraska¡¡bill¡£¡¨

This¡¡bill¡¡provided¡¡that¡¡the¡¡legislative¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Territory¡¡should¡¡extend¡¡to¡¡all¡¡rightful¡¡subjects¡¡of¡¡legislation¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡made¡¡no¡¡exception¡¡as¡¡to¡¡slavery£»¡¡but¡¡gave¡¡full¡¡power¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡or¡¡exclude¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡more¡¡could¡¡Chase's¡¡amendment¡¡do£¿¡¡¡¡Chase¡¡offered¡¡it¡¡for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡having¡¡it¡¡rejected¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡expected¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡capital¡¡for¡¡small¡¡politicians£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡was¡¡not¡¡mistaken¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡amazed¡¡that¡¡Lincoln¡¡should¡¡ask¡¡his¡¡third¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡denounced¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡an¡¡article¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Washington¡¡Union¡¡claiming¡¡that¡¡any¡¡provision¡¡in¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡or¡¡Constitutions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡free¡¡States¡¡excluding¡¡slavery¡¡was¡¡in¡¡conflict¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡£¡¡Senator¡¡Toombs£»¡¡on¡¡behalf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡South£»¡¡had¡¡utterly¡¡repudiated¡¡the¡¡doctrine¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡question¡¡cast¡¡an¡¡imputation¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡£¡¡Such¡¡a¡¡decision¡¡was¡¡not¡¡possible¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡would¡¡be¡¡an¡¡act¡¡of¡¡moral¡¡treason¡¡that¡¡no¡¡man¡¡on¡¡the¡¡bench¡¡could¡¡ever¡¡descend¡¡to¡£

¡¨As¡¡to¡¡Lincoln's¡¡fourth¡¡question£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡answer£»¡¡that¡¡whenever¡¡it¡¡becomes¡¡necessary¡¡in¡¡our¡¡growth¡¡and¡¡progress¡¡to¡¡acquire¡¡more¡¡territory£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡in¡¡favor¡¡of¡¡it¡¡without¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡slavery£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡we¡¡have¡¡acquired¡¡it¡¡I¡¡would¡¡leave¡¡the¡¡people¡¡free¡¡to¡¡do¡¡as¡¡they¡¡please£»¡¡either¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡slave¡¡or¡¡free¡¡territory¡¡as¡¡they¡¡preferred¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡tell¡¡you£»¡¡increase£»¡¡multiply¡¡and¡¡expand¡¡is¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Nation's¡¡existence¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Just¡¡as¡¡fast¡¡as¡¡our¡¡interests¡¡and¡¡our¡¡destiny¡¡require¡¡additional¡¡territory¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡South¡¡or¡¡on¡¡the¡¡islands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ocean£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡for¡¡it£»¡¡and£»¡¡when¡¡we¡¡acquire¡¡it£»¡¡will¡¡leave¡¡the¡¡people¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡free¡¡to¡¡do¡¡as¡¡they¡¡please¡¡on¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡and¡¡every¡¡other¡¡question¡£¡¨

At¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Republican¡¡Congressional¡¡Conventions¡¡held¡¡in¡¡Illinois¡¡in¡¡1854£»¡¡the¡¡resolutions¡¡adopted¡¡declared¡¡that¡¡the¡¡continued¡¡aggressions¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡were¡¡destructive¡¡of¡¡the¡¡best¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡a¡¡free¡¡people¡¡and¡¡must¡¡be¡¡resisted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡united¡¡political¡¡action¡¡of¡¡all¡¡good¡¡men£»¡¡Kansas¡¡and¡¡Nebraska¡¡must¡¡be¡¡made¡¡free¡¡Territories£»¡¡the¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law¡¡repealed£»¡¡slavery¡¡restricted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡States¡¡in¡¡which¡¡it¡¡then¡¡existed£»¡¡no¡¡more¡¡slave¡¡States¡¡admitted£»¡¡slavery¡¡excluded¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Territories¡¡and¡¡no¡¡more¡¡Territories¡¡acquired¡¡unless¡¡slavery¡¡therein¡¡were¡¡prohibited£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡man¡¡must¡¡be¡¡supported¡¡for¡¡office¡¡unless¡¡positively¡¡pledged¡¡to¡¡support¡¡these¡¡principles¡£

¡¨Yet¡¡Lincoln¡¡denies¡¡that¡¡he¡¡stands¡¡on¡¡this¡¡platform¡¡and¡¡declares¡¡that¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡like¡¡to¡¡be¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡position¡¡where¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡for¡¡these¡¡things¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡there¡¡is¡¡much¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡his¡¡being¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡position¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡propose£»¡¡out¡¡of¡¡mere¡¡kindness£»¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡him¡¡from¡¡any¡¡such¡¡necessity¡£¡¨

When¡¡the¡¡legislature¡¡elected¡¡in¡¡1854¡¡came¡¡to¡¡choose¡¡between¡¡Lincoln¡¡and¡¡Trumbull¡¡for¡¡Senator£»¡¡before¡¡a¡¡ballot¡¡was¡¡taken£»¡¡Lovejoy£»¡¡the¡¡Abolitionist¡¡introduced¡¡resolutions¡¡declaring¡¡that¡¡slavery¡¡must¡¡be¡¡excluded¡¡from¡¡all¡¡the¡¡territory¡¡then¡¡owned¡¡or¡¡thereafter¡¡acquired¡¡by¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡that¡¡no¡¡more¡¡slave¡¡States¡¡should¡¡be¡¡admitted¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law¡¡should¡¡be¡¡unconditionally¡¡repealed¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡following¡¡day¡¡every¡¡man¡¡who¡¡had¡¡voted¡¡for¡¡these¡¡resolutions£»¡¡with¡¡two¡¡exceptions£»¡¡voted¡¡for¡¡Lincoln¡£¡¡¡¡Members¡¡so¡¡voting¡¡were¡¡all¡¡pledged¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡for¡¡no¡¡man¡¡who¡¡was¡¡not¡¡pledged¡¡to¡¡support¡¡their¡¡platform¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Either¡¡Lincoln¡¡was¡¡committed¡¡to¡¡these¡¡propositions£»¡¡or¡¡your¡¡members¡¡violated¡¡their¡¡faith¡£¡¡¡¡Take¡¡either¡¡horn¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dilemma¡¡you¡¡choose¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡dodging¡¡the¡¡question£»¡¡I¡¡want¡¡Lincoln's¡¡answer¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡altogether¡¡undecided¡¡on¡¡these¡¡grave¡¡questions¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡know¡¡what¡¡to¡¡think¡¡or¡¡do¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡elected¡¡Senator¡¡he¡¡will¡¡have¡¡to¡¡decide¡£¡¡¡¡Do¡¡not¡¡put¡¡him¡¡in¡¡a¡¡position¡¡that¡¡would¡¡embarrass¡¡him¡¡so¡¡much¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡does¡¡not¡¡know¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡would¡¡vote¡¡for¡¡the¡¡admission¡¡of¡¡more¡¡slave¡¡States£»¡¡yet¡¡he¡¡has¡¡declared¡¡his¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡this¡¡Union¡¡cannot¡¡endure¡¡with¡¡slave¡¡States¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡Illinois¡¡desire¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡represent¡¡them¡¡who¡¡would¡¡like¡¡to¡¡be¡¡put¡¡to¡¡the¡¡test¡¡on¡¡the¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡high¡¡constitutional¡¡duty¡£

¡¨I¡¡will¡¡retire¡¡in¡¡shame¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Senate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡when¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡put¡¡to¡¡the¡¡test¡¡in¡¡the¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡my¡¡duty¡£¡¡I¡¡have¡¡been¡¡put¡¡to¡¡severe¡¡tests¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡stood¡¡by¡¡my¡¡principles¡¡in¡¡fair¡¡weather¡¡and¡¡foul£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sunshine¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rain¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡defended¡¡the¡¡great¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡self¡­government¡¡here¡¡among¡¡you¡¡when¡¡Northern¡¡sentiment¡¡ran¡¡in¡¡a¡¡torrent¡¡against¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡have¡¡defended¡¡that¡¡same¡¡great¡¡principle¡¡when¡¡Southern¡¡sentiment¡¡came¡¡down¡¡like¡¡an¡¡avalanche¡¡upon¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡any¡¡test¡¡they¡¡put¡¡me¡¡to¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡my¡¡principles¡¡were¡¡right£»¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡my¡¡principles¡¡were¡¡sound£»¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people¡¡would¡¡see¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡hat¡¡I¡¡had¡¡done¡¡right¡¡and¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡the¡¡God¡¡of¡¡heaven¡¡would¡¡smile¡¡upon¡¡me¡¡if¡¡I¡¡was¡¡faithful¡¡in¡¡the¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡my¡¡duty¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*

At¡¡the¡¡time¡¡the¡¡Nebraska¡¡bill¡¡was¡¡introduced£»¡¡Lincoln¡¡says¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡conspiracy¡¡between¡¡the¡¡Judges¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court£»¡¡President¡¡Pierce£»¡¡President¡¡Buchanan¡¡and¡¡myself£»¡¡that¡¡bill¡¡and¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡court¡¡to¡¡break¡¡down¡¡the¡¡barriers¡¡and¡¡establish¡¡slavery¡¡all¡¡over¡¡the¡¡Union¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*

¡¨Mr¡£¡¡Buchanan¡¡was¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡in¡¡England¡¡and¡¡did¡¡not¡¡return¡¡for¡¡a¡¡year¡¡or¡¡more¡¡after¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡fact¡¡proves¡¡the¡¡charge¡¡to¡¡be¡¡false¡¡as¡¡against¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡The¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡case¡¡was¡¡not¡¡then¡¡before¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Judges¡¡in¡¡all¡¡probability¡¡knew¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡As¡¡to¡¡President¡¡Pierce£»¡¡his¡¡high¡¡character¡¡as¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡integrity¡¡and¡¡honor¡¡is¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡vindicate¡¡him¡¡from¡¡such¡¡a¡¡charge£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡to¡¡myself¡¡I¡¡pronounce¡¡the¡¡charge¡¡an¡¡infamous¡¡lie¡¡whenever¡¡and¡¡wherever¡¡made¡¡and¡¡by¡¡whomsoever¡¡made¡£¡¨

Lincoln¡¡closed¡¡the¡¡debate¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡to¡¡the¡¡discrepancy¡¡between¡¡the¡¡various¡¡Republican¡¡resolutions¡¡adopted¡¡in¡¡local¡¡conventions¡¡in¡¡1854¡¡and¡¡the¡¡views¡¡stated¡¡in¡¡his¡¡opening¡¡speech£»¡¡he¡¡said¡¡that¡¡at¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Nebraska¡¡agitation¡¡a¡¡new¡¡era¡¡in¡¡American¡¡politics¡¡began¡£

¡¨In¡¡our¡¡opposition¡¡to¡¡that¡¡measure¡¡we¡¡did¡¡not¡¡agree¡¡with¡¡one¡¡another¡¡in¡¡everything¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡These¡¡meetings¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Judge¡¡has¡¡alluded¡¡to¡¡and¡¡the¡¡resolutions¡¡he¡¡has¡¡read¡¡from¡¡were¡¡local¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡We¡¡at¡¡last¡¡met¡¡together¡¡in¡¡1856¡¡from¡¡all¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡and¡¡agree

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