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¡¨There¡¡would¡¡be¡¡but¡¡one¡¡way¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡his¡¡ideas¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡would¡¡be¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡a¡¡consolidated¡¡empire¡¡as¡¡destructive¡¡to¡¡the¡¡liberties¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡the¡¡citizen¡¡as¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Austria¡¡or¡¡Russia¡¡or¡¡any¡¡other¡¡despotism¡¡that¡¡rests¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡necks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡£¡¡¡¡Who¡¡among¡¡you¡¡expects¡¡to¡¡live¡¡or¡¡have¡¡his¡¡children¡¡live¡¡until¡¡slavery¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡established¡¡in¡¡Illinois¡¡or¡¡abolished¡¡in¡¡South¡¡Carolina£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡There¡¡is¡¡but¡¡one¡¡possible¡¡way¡¡in¡¡which¡¡slavery¡¡can¡¡be¡¡abolished¡¡and¡¡that¡¡is¡¡by¡¡leaving¡¡a¡¡State¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡perfectly¡¡free¡¡to¡¡form¡¡and¡¡regulate¡¡its¡¡institutions¡¡in¡¡its¡¡own¡¡way¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡was¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡upon¡¡which¡¡this¡¡Republic¡¡was¡¡founded¡£¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Under¡¡its¡¡operation¡¡slavery¡¡disappeared¡¡from¡¡New¡¡Hampshire£»¡¡from¡¡Rhode¡¡Island£»¡¡from¡¡Connecticut£»¡¡from¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡from¡¡New¡¡Jersey£»¡¡from¡¡Pennsylvania£»¡¡from¡¡six¡¡of¡¡the¡¡twelve¡¡original¡¡slave¡¡holding¡¡States£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡gradual¡¡emancipation¡¡went¡¡on¡¡so¡¡long¡¡as¡¡we¡¡in¡¡the¡¡free¡¡states¡¡minded¡¡our¡¡own¡¡business¡¡and¡¡left¡¡our¡¡neighbors¡¡alone£»¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡so¡¡long¡¡as¡¡the¡¡free¡¡States¡¡were¡¡content¡¡with¡¡managing¡¡their¡¡own¡¡affairs¡¡and¡¡leaving¡¡the¡¡South¡¡perfectly¡¡free¡¡to¡¡do¡¡as¡¡they¡¡pleased¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡the¡¡North¡¡said£»¡¡'We¡¡are¡¡powerful¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡control¡¡you¡¡of¡¡the¡¡South£»'¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡that¡¡moment¡¡the¡¡South¡¡combined¡¡to¡¡resist¡¡the¡¡attack¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡sectional¡¡parties¡¡were¡¡formed¡¡and¡¡gradual¡¡emancipation¡¡ceased¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡slave¡¡holding¡¡States¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡£

¡¨Lincoln¡¡makes¡¡another¡¡issue£»¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡a¡¡crusade¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡Sates¡¡because¡¡of¡¡its¡¡decision¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡crusade¡¡to¡¡preach¡¡against¡¡that¡¡august¡¡body¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡receive¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Judges¡¡of¡¡that¡¡Court¡¡when¡¡pronounced¡¡as¡¡the¡¡final¡¡adjudication¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡questions¡¡within¡¡their¡¡jurisdiction¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Unless¡¡we¡¡respect¡¡and¡¡bow¡¡in¡¡deference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡final¡¡decisions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡judicial¡¡tribunal¡¡in¡¡our¡¡country£»¡¡we¡¡are¡¡driven¡¡at¡¡once¡¡to¡¡anarchy£»¡¡to¡¡violence£»¡¡to¡¡mob¡¡law£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡security¡¡left¡¡for¡¡our¡¡property¡¡or¡¡our¡¡own¡¡civil¡¡rights¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Are¡¡we¡¡to¡¡appeal¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡to¡¡a¡¡country¡¡meeting¡¡like¡¡this£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Does¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡intend¡¡to¡¡appeal¡¡from¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡¡to¡¡a¡¡Republican¡¡caucus¡¡or¡¡a¡¡town¡¡meeting£¿¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡He¡¡tells¡¡you¡¡that¡¡he¡¡is¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡Well£»¡¡suppose¡¡he¡¡is£»¡¡what¡¡is¡¡he¡¡going¡¡to¡¡do¡¡about¡¡it£¿¡¡¡¡I¡¡never¡¡got¡¡beat¡¡in¡¡a¡¡law¡¡suit¡¡in¡¡my¡¡life¡¡that¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡decision¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡This¡¡Government¡¡is¡¡divided¡¡into¡¡three¡¡separate¡¡and¡¡distinct¡¡branches¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Each¡¡one¡¡is¡¡supreme¡¡within¡¡the¡¡circle¡¡of¡¡its¡¡own¡¡powers¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡functions¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡are¡¡to¡¡enact¡¡the¡¡statutes£»¡¡the¡¡province¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Court¡¡is¡¡to¡¡pronounce¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡validity£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡duty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Executive¡¡is¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡into¡¡effect¡£¡¨

Yet£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡Lincoln¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡be¡¡elected¡¡Senator¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡reverse¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡decision¡¡by¡¡passing¡¡another¡¡unconstitutional¡¡statute¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡can¡¡not¡¡get¡¡rid¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Judges¡¡now¡¡on¡¡the¡¡bench¡¡until¡¡they¡¡die¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡must¡¡first¡¡elect¡¡a¡¡Republican¡¡President¡¡by¡¡Northern¡¡votes¡¡bound¡¡by¡¡pledges¡¡to¡¡appoint¡¡none¡¡but¡¡Republicans¡¡to¡¡the¡¡bench¡£¡¡He¡¡must¡¡then¡¡persuade¡¡the¡¡Judges¡¡to¡¡die¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡President¡¡must¡¡pledge¡¡his¡¡new¡¡Judges¡¡in¡¡advance¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡this¡¡slavery¡¡question¡¡according¡¡to¡¡the¡¡wishes¡¡of¡¡his¡¡party£»¡¡regardless¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡confidence¡¡would¡¡the¡¡people¡¡have¡¡in¡¡a¡¡Court¡¡thus¡¡constituted£¿a¡¡Court¡¡composed¡¡of¡¡partisan¡¡Judges£»¡¡appointed¡¡on¡¡political¡¡grounds£»¡¡catechized¡¡in¡¡advance¡¡and¡¡pledged¡¡in¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡a¡¡decision¡¡before¡¡the¡¡argument¡¡and¡¡without¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡facts£¿¡¡¡¡Would¡¡such¡¡a¡¡Court¡¡command¡¡the¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£¿¡¡¡¡Without¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡decision¡¡slavery¡¡will¡¡go¡¡just¡¡where¡¡the¡¡people¡¡want¡¡it¡¡and¡¡not¡¡one¡¡inch¡¡further¡£

¡¨I¡¡tell¡¡you£»¡¡my¡¡friends£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡under¡¡our¡¡institutions¡¡to¡¡force¡¡slavery¡¡on¡¡an¡¡unwilling¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡this¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡popular¡¡sovereignty¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡be¡¡fairly¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡by¡¡letting¡¡the¡¡people¡¡decide¡¡the¡¡question¡¡for¡¡themselves¡¡by¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡vote¡¡at¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡election¡¡and¡¡with¡¡honest¡¡returns£»¡¡slavery¡¡will¡¡never¡¡exist¡¡one¡¡day¡¡or¡¡one¡¡hour¡¡in¡¡any¡¡Territory¡¡against¡¡the¡¡unfriendly¡¡legislation¡¡of¡¡an¡¡unfriendly¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡care¡¡not¡¡how¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡decision¡¡may¡¡have¡¡settled¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡question¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡practical¡¡results¡¡are¡¡concerned¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡If¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Territory¡¡want¡¡slavery¡¡they¡¡will¡¡encourage¡¡it¡¡by¡¡passing¡¡affirmatory¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡the¡¡necessary¡¡police¡¡regulations£»¡¡patrol¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡slave¡¡code£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡do¡¡not¡¡want¡¡it¡¡they¡¡will¡¡withhold¡¡that¡¡legislation¡¡and¡¡by¡¡withholding¡¡it¡¡slavery¡¡is¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡as¡¡if¡¡prohibited¡¡by¡¡a¡¡constitutional¡¡provision¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡They¡¡could¡¡pass¡¡such¡¡local¡¡laws¡¡as¡¡would¡¡drive¡¡slavery¡¡out¡¡in¡¡one¡¡day¡¡or¡¡one¡¡hour£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡therefore£»¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Territory¡¡is¡¡concerned£»¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡principle¡¡of¡¡popular¡¡sovereignty¡¡is¡¡concerned¡¡in¡¡its¡¡practical¡¡operation£»¡¡it¡¡matters¡¡not¡¡how¡¡the¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡case¡¡may¡¡be¡¡decided¡£¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Whether¡¡slavery¡¡shall¡¡exist¡¡or¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡any¡¡State¡¡or¡¡Territory¡¡will¡¡depend¡¡on¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡people¡¡are¡¡for¡¡or¡¡against¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡ever¡¡way¡¡they¡¡shall¡¡decide¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡entirely¡¡satisfactory¡¡to¡¡me¡£¡¨

The¡¡Dred¡¡Scott¡¡case£»¡¡he¡¡continued£»¡¡decides¡¡that¡¡negroes¡¡are¡¡not¡¡citizens¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Lincoln¡¡insists¡¡on¡¡conferring¡¡on¡¡them¡¡all¡¡the¡¡privileges£»¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡immunities¡¡of¡¡citizens¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡believe¡¡this¡¡Government¡¡of¡¡ours¡¡was¡¡founded¡¡on¡¡the¡¡white¡¡basis¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡it¡¡was¡¡established¡¡for¡¡white¡¡men£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡white¡¡men¡¡and¡¡their¡¡posterity¡¡in¡¡all¡¡time¡¡to¡¡come¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡design¡¡or¡¡intention¡¡of¡¡the¡¡signers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Declaration¡¡of¡¡Independence¡¡or¡¡the¡¡framers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡to¡¡include¡¡negroes¡¡as¡¡citizens¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡The¡¡position¡¡Lincoln¡¡has¡¡taken¡¡on¡¡this¡¡question¡¡not¡¡only¡¡presents¡¡him¡¡as¡¡claiming¡¡for¡¡them¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡vote£»¡¡but¡¡their¡¡right¡¡under¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡law¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Declaration¡¡of¡¡Independence¡¡to¡¡be¡¡elected¡¡to¡¡office£»¡¡to¡¡become¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡legislature£»¡¡to¡¡go¡¡to¡¡Congress£»¡¡to¡¡become¡¡Governors¡¡or¡¡United¡¡States¡¡Senators£»¡¡or¡¡Judges¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Supreme¡¡Court¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡He¡¡would¡¡permit¡¡them¡¡to¡¡marry£»¡¡would¡¡he¡¡not£¿¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡he¡¡gives¡¡them¡¡that¡¡right¡¡I¡¡suppose¡¡he¡¡will¡¡let¡¡them¡¡marry¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡please£»¡¡provided¡¡they¡¡marry¡¡their¡¡equals¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡divine¡¡law¡¡declares¡¡that¡¡the¡¡white¡¡man¡¡is¡¡the¡¡equal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡woman£»¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡on¡¡a¡¡perfect¡¡equality£»¡¡I¡¡suppose¡¡he¡¡admits¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡woman¡¡to¡¡marry¡¡the¡¡white¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡the¡¡signers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Declaration¡¡had¡¡any¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡negroes¡¡when¡¡they¡¡used¡¡the¡¡expression¡¡that¡¡all¡¡men¡¡were¡¡created¡¡equal¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡They¡¡were¡¡speaking¡¡only¡¡of¡¡the¡¡white¡¡race¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡Every¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡thirteen¡¡colonies¡¡was¡¡a¡¡slave¡­holding¡¡constituency¡£¡¡Did¡¡they¡¡intend¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡to¡¡declare¡¡that¡¡their¡¡own¡¡slaves¡¡were¡¡on¡¡an¡¡equality¡¡with¡¡them£¿¡¡¡¡What¡¡are¡¡the¡¡negroes'¡¡rights¡¡and¡¡privileges£¿¡¡That¡¡is¡¡a¡¡question¡¡which¡¡each¡¡State¡¡and¡¡Territory¡¡must¡¡decide¡¡for¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡decided¡¡that¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡said¡¡that¡¡in¡¡this¡¡State¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡be¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡but¡¡that¡¡he¡¡shall¡¡enjoy¡¡no¡¡political¡¡rights£»¡¡that¡¡negro¡¡equality¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡exist¡£¡¡¡¡*¡¡*¡¡*¡¡For¡¡my¡¡own¡¡part£»¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡any¡¡kin¡¡to¡¡me¡¡nor¡¡to¡¡any¡¡other¡¡white¡¡man£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡would¡¡still¡¡carry¡¡my¡¡humanity¡¡and¡¡philanthropy¡¡to¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡giving¡¡him¡¡every¡¡privilege¡¡and¡¡every¡¡immunity¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡enjoy¡¡consistent¡¡with¡¡our¡¡own¡¡good¡£¡¨

Maine¡¡allows¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡on¡¡an¡¡equality¡¡with¡¡the¡¡white¡¡man¡£¡¡New¡¡York¡¡permits¡¡him¡¡to¡¡vote£»¡¡provided¡¡he¡¡owns¡¡250¡¡worth¡¡of¡¡property¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡Kentucky¡¡they¡¡deny¡¡the¡¡negro¡¡all¡¡political¡¡and¡¡civil¡¡rights¡£¡¡¡¡Each¡¡is¡¡a¡¡sovereign¡¡State¡¡and¡¡h

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