heimskringla-第138章
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ENDNOTES： （1） Ship。 L。 （2） This was the name of Saint Olaf's sword； which Magnus had recovered。 L。
35。 OF KING MAGNUS'S CAMPAIGN。
When King Magnus had subdued Scania he turned about； and first went to Falster； where he landed； plundered； and killed many people who had before submitted to Svein。 Arnor speaks of this：
〃A bloody vengeance for their guile King Magnus takes on Falster Isle； The treacherous Danes his fury feel； And fall before his purpled steel。 The battle…field is covered o'er； With eagle's prey from shore to shore； And the king's courtmen were the first To quench with blood the raven's thirst。〃
Thereafter Magnus with his fleet proceeded to the isle of Fyen； went on land； plundered； and made great devastation。 So says Arnor； the earls' skald：
〃To fair Fiona's grassy shore His banner now again he bore： He who the mail…shirt's linked chains Severs； and all its lustre stains； He will be long remembered there； The warrior in his twentieth year； Whom their black ravens from afar Saluted as he went to war。〃
36。…OF KING MAGNUS~S BATTLES。
King Magnus remained in Denmark all that winter （A。D。 1046）； and sat in peace。 He had held many battles； and had gained the victory in all。 So says Od Kikinaskald：
〃'Fore Michaelmas was struck the blow； That laid the Vindland vikings low； And people learned with joy to hear The clang of arms； and leaders' cheer。 Short before Yule fell out the day； Southward of Aros； where the fray； Though not enough the foe to quell； Was of the bloodiest men can tell。〃
And Arnor says：
〃Olaf's avenger who can sing？ The skald cannot o'ertake the king； Who makes the war…bird daily drain The corpse…blood of his foemen slain。 Four battles won within a year； Breaker of shields！ with swords and spear； And hand to hand； exalt thy fame Above the kings of greatest name。〃
King Magnus had three battles with Svein Ulfson。 So says Thiodolf：
〃To our brave Throndhjem sovereign's praise The skald may all his skaldcraft raise； For fortune； and for daring deed； His song will not the truth exceed。 After three battles to regain What was his own； unjustly ta'en； Unjustly kept； and dues denied； He levied dues in red…blood dyed。〃
37。 OF KING MAGNUS； AND THORFIN AND RAGNVALD； EARLS OF ORKNEY。
While King Magnus the Good； a son of King Olaf the Saint； ruled over Norway； as before related； the Earl Ragnvald Brusason lived with him。 Earl Thorfin Sigurdson； the uncle of Ragnvald； ruled then over Orkney。 King Magnus sent Ragnvald west to Orkney； and ordered that Thorfin should let him have his father's heritage。 Thorfin let Ragnvald have a third part of the land along with him； for so had Erase； the father of Ragnvald； had it at his dying day。 Earl Thorfin was married to Ingebjorg； the earl… mother； who was a daughter of Fin Arnason。 Earl Ragnvald thought he should have two…thirds of the land； as Olaf the Saint had promised to his father Bruse； and as Bruse had enjoyed as long as Olaf lived。 This was the origin of a great strife between these relations； concerning which we have a long saga。 They had a great battle in Pentland Firth； in which Kalf Arnason was with Earl Thorfin。 So says Bjarne Gullbrarskald：
〃Thy cutters； dashing through the tide； Brought aid to Earl Thorfin's side； Fin's son…in…law； and people say Thy aid made Bruse's son give way。 Kalf； thou art fond of warlike toil； Gay in the strife and bloody broil； But here 'twas hate made thee contend Against Earl Ragnvald； the king's friend。〃
38。 OF KING MAGNUS'S LETTER TO ENGLAND。
King Magnus ruled then both over Denmark and Norway； and when he had got possession of the Danish dominions he sent ambassadors over to England to King Edward； who brought to him King Magnus's letter and seal。 And in this letter there stood； along with a salutation from King Magnus； these words： 〃Ye must have heard of the agreement which I and Hardaknut made； that he of us two who survived the other should have all the land and people which the deceased had possessed。 Now it has so turned out； as ye have no doubt heard； that I have taken the Danish dominions as my heritage after Hardaknut。 But before he departed this life he had England as well as Denmark； therefore I consider myself now； in consequence of my rights by this agreement； to own England also。 Now I will therefore that thou deliver to me the kingdom； otherwise I will seek to take it by arms； both from Denmark and Norway； and let him rule the land to whom fate gives the victory。〃
39。 KING EDWARD'S ANSWER TO KING MAGNUS'S LETTER。
Now when King Edward had read this letter； he replied thus： 〃It is known to all men in this country that King Ethelred； my father； was udal…born to this kingdom； both after the old and new law of inheritance。 We were four sons after him； and when he by death left the throne my brother Edmund took the government and kingdom； for he was the oldest of us brothers； and I was well satisfied that it was so。 And after him my stepfather； Canute the Great； took the kingdom； and as long as he lived there was no access to it。 After him my brother Harald was king as long as he lived； and after him my brother Hardaknut took the kingdoms both of Denmark and England； for he thought that a just brotherly division that he should have both England and Denmark； and that I should have no kingdom at all。 Now he died； and then it was the resolution of all the people of the country to take me for king here in England。 So long as I had no kingly title I served only superiors in all respects； like those who had no claims by birth to land or kingdom。 Now； however； I have received the kingly title； and am consecrated king。 I have established my royal dignity and authority； as my father before me； and while I live I will not renounce my title。 If King Magnus come here with an army； I will gather no army against him； but he shall only get the opportunity of taking England when he has taken my life。 Tell him these words of mine。〃 The ambassadors went back to King Magnus； and told him the answer to their message。 King Magnus reflected a while； and answered thus： 〃I think it wisest； and will succeed best； to let King Edward have his kingdom in peace for me； and that I keep the kingdoms God has put into my hands。〃
SAGA OF HARALD HARDRADE。
PRELIMINARY REMARKS。
Harald； son of Sigurd Syr； was born in the year A。D。 1015； and left Norway A。D。 1030。 He was called Hardrade； that is； the severe counsellor； the tyrant； though the Icelanders never applied this epithet to him。 Harald helped the Icelanders in the famine of A。D。 1056； and sent them timber for a church at Thingvol。 It was the Norwegians who gave him the name tyrant in contrast to the 〃debonairete〃 of Magnus。 He came to Norway in A。D。 1046； and became sole king in A。D。 1047。 He died in A。D。 1066； and his son and successor Magnus died in A。D。 1069。
His saga is to be compared with 〃Agrip〃； 〃Fagrskinna〃； and 〃Morkinskinna〃。
The skalds quoted are： Thiodolf； Bolverk； Illuge Bryndalaskald； Stuf the skald； Thorarin Skeggjason； Valgard o' Val； Od Kikinaskald； Grane Skald； Thorleik the Fair； Stein Herdison； Ulf the Marshal； Arnor the earls' skald； Thorkel Skallason； and King Harald Hardrade himself。
1。 HARALD ESCAPES FROM THE BATTLE OF STIKLESTAD。
Harald； son of Sigurd Syr； brother of Olaf the Saint； by the same mother； was at the battle of Stiklestad； and was fifteen years old when King Olaf the Saint fell； as was before related。 Harald was wounded； and escaped with other fugitives。 So says Thiodolf：
〃At Haug the fire…sparks from his shield Flew round the king's head on the field； As blow for blow； for Olaf's sake； His sword and shield would give and take。 Bulgaria's conqueror； I ween； Had scarcely fifteen winters seen； When from his murdered brother's side His unhelmed head he had to hide。〃
Ragnvald Brusason led Harald from the battle； and the night after the fray t
