the origins of contemporary france-5-第64章

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＇26＇　Sénatus…consulte　of　April　26；　1802；　title　II。；　articles　16　and

17。　…　Gaudin；　Duc　de　Ga？te；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　183。　（Report　on　the

administration　of　the　Finances　in　1803。）　〃The　old　proprietors　have

been　reinstated　in　more　than　20；000　hectares　of　forests。〃



＇27＇　Thibaudeau；　ibid。；　p。　98。　（Speech　of　the　First　Consul；　Thermidor

24；　year　IX。）　Some　of　the　émigrés　who　have　been　pardoned　are　cutting

down　their　forests；　either　from　necessity　or　to　send　money　abroad。　I

will　not　allow　the　worst　enemies　of　the　republic；　the　defenders　of

ancient　prejudices；　to　recover　their　fortunes　and　despoil　France。　I　am

glad　to　welcome　them　back；　but　it　is　important　that　the　nation　should

preserve　its　forests；　the　navy　needs　them。〃



＇28＇　An　arpent　measures　about　an　acre　and　a　half。（TR。）



＇29＇　Stourm；　〃Les　Finances　de　l'ancien　régime　et　de　la

révolution；〃II。；　459　to　461。　…　（According　to　the　figures　appended　to

the　projected　law　of　1825。）　…　This　relates　only　to　their　patrimony　in

real　estate；　their　personal　estate　was　wholly　swept　away；　at　first

through　the　abolition；　without　indemnity；　of　their　available　feudal

rights　under　the　Constituent　and　Legislative　assemblies；　and

afterwards　through　the　legal　and　forced　transformation　of　their

personal　capital　into　national　bonds　（titres　sur　le　grand…livre；

rentes）　which　the　final　bankruptcy　of　the　Directory　reduced　to　almost

nothing。



＇30＇　Pelet　de　la　Lozère；　〃Opinions　de　Napoléon　au　conseil　d'état〃

（March　15th　and　July　1st；　1806）：　〃One　of　the　most　unjust　effects　of

the　revolution　was　to　let　an　émigré；　whose　property　was　found　to　be

sold；　starve　to　death；　and　give　back　100；000　crowns　of　rente　to

another　whose　property　happened　to　be　still　in　the　hands　of　the

government。　How　odd；　again；　to　have　returned　unsold　fields　and　to　have

kept　the　woods！　It　would　have　been　better；　starting　from　the　legal

forfeiture　of　all　property；　to　return　only　6000　francs　of　rente　to　one

alone　and　distribute　what　remained　among　the　rest。〃



＇31＇　Léonce　de　Lavergne；　〃Economie　rurale　de　la　France；〃　p。26。

（According　to　the　table　of　names　with　indemnities　awarded　by　the　law

of　1825。）　…　Duc　de　Rovigo；　Mémoires；〃　IV。；　400。



＇32＇　De　Puymaigre；　〃Souvenirs　de　l'émigration　de　l'empire　et　de　la

restauration；〃　p。94。



＇33＇　Pelet　de　la　Lozère；　ibid。；　p。272。



＇34＇　De　Puymaigre；　ibid。；　passim。　…　　Alexandrine　des　écherolles；　〃Une

famille　noble　pendant　la　Terreur；〃　pp。328；　402；　408。　…　I　add　to

published　documents　personal　souvenirs　and　family　narrations。



＇35＇　Duc　de　Rovigo；　〃Mémoires；〃　IV。；　399。　（On　the　provincial　noblesse

which　had　emigrated　and　returned。）　〃The　First　Consul　quietly　gave

orders　that　none　of　the　applications　made　by　the　large　number　of　those

who　asked　for　minor　situations　in　various　branches　of　the

administration　should　be　rejected　on　account　of　emigration。〃



＇36＇　M。　de　Vitrolles；　〃Mémoires。〃　…　M。　d'Haussonville；　〃Ma　jeunesse；〃

p。　6o：　〃One　morning；　my　father　learns　that　he　has　been　appointed

chamberlain；　with　a　certain　number　of　other　persons　belonging　to　the

greatest　families　of　the　faubourg　Saint…Germain。〃



＇37＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　312；　315　and　following　pages；

373。　…　Madame　de　Sta？l；　〃Considérations　sur　la　révolution　fran？aise；〃

4th　part；　ch　IV。



＇38＇　Roederer；　III。；　459。　（Speech　by　Napoleon；　December　30；　1802。）〃

Very　well；　I　do　protect　the　nobles　of　France；　but　they　must　see　that

they　need　protection。　。　。　。　I　give　places　to　many　of　them；　I　restore

them　to　public　distinction　and　even　to　the　honors　of　the　drawing…room；

but　they　feel　that　it　is　alone　through　my　good　will。　…　Ibid。；　III。；

558　（January　1809）：　〃I　repent　daily　of　a　mistake　I　have　made　in　my

government；　the　most　serious　one　I　ever　made；　and　I　perceive　its　bad

effects　every　day。　It　was　the　giving　back　to　the　émigrés　the　totality

of　their　possessions。　I　ought　to　have　massed　them　in　common　and　given

each　one　simply　the　chance　of　an　income　of　6000　francs。　As　soon　as　I

saw　my　mistake　I　withdrew　from　thirty　to　forty　millions　of　forests；

but　far　too　many　are　still　in　the　hands　of　a　great　number　of　them。〃　…

We　here　see　the　attitude　he　would　impose　on　them；　that　of　clients　and

grateful　pensioners。　They　do　not　stand　in　this　attitude。　（Roederer；

III。；　472。　Report　on　the　Sénatorerie　of　Caen；　1803。）　…　〃The　returned

émigrés　are　not　friendly　nor　even　satisfied；　their　enjoyment　of　what

they　have　recovered　is　less　than　their　indignation　at　what　they　have

lost。　They　speak　of　the　amnesty　without　gratitude；　and　as　only　partial

justice。　。　。　。　In　other　respects　they　appear　submissive。〃



＇39＇　Duc　de　Rovigo1　〃Memoires。〃　V。；　　297。　Towards　the　end；　large

numbers　of　the　young　nobles　went　into　the　army。　〃In　1812；　there；　was

not　a　marshal；　or　even　a　general；　who　had　not　some　of　these　on　his

staff；　or　as　aids…de…camp。　Nearly　all　the　cavalry　regiments　in　the

army　were　commanded　by　officers　belonging　to　these　families。　They　had

already　attracted　notice　in　the　infantry。　All　these　young　nobles　had

openly　joined　the　emperor　because　they　were　easily　influenced　by　love

of　glory。〃



＇40＇　Madame　de　Rémusat　II。；　299　（1806）：　〃He　began　to　surround　himself

about　this　time　with　so　much　ceremony　that　none　of　us　had　scarcely　any

intimate　relations　with　him。　。　。　。　The　court　became　more　and　more

crowded　and　monotonous；　each　doing　on　the　minute　what　he　had　to　do。

Nobody　thought　of　venturing　outside　the　brief　series　of　ideas　which

are　generated　within　the　restricted　circle　of　the　same　duties。　。　。　。

Increasing　despotism；　。　。　。　fear　of　a　reproof　if　one　failed　in　the

slightest　particular；　silence　kept　by　us　all。　。　。　。　There　was　no

opportunity　to　indulge　emotion　or　interchange　any　observation　of　the

slightest　importance。〃



＇41＇　Roederer；　III。；　　558　（January　1809）。　…　〃The　Modern　Régime；〃　ante；

book　I。；　ch。　II。



＇42＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　III。；　75；　155：　　〃When　the　minister　of　police

learned　that　jesting　or　malicious　remarks　had　been　made　in　one　of　the

Paris　drawing…rooms　he　at　once　notified　the　master　or　mistress　of　the

house　to　be　more　watchful　of　their　company。〃　…　Ibid。；　p。187　（1807）：

〃The　emperor　censured　M。　Fouché　for　not　having　exercised　stricter

watchfulness。　He　exiled　women；　caused　distinguished　persons　to　be

warned；　and　insinuated　that；　to　avoid　the　consequences　of　his　anger；

steps　must　be　taken　to　show　that　his　power　was　recognized　in　atonement

for　the　faults　committed。　In　consequence　of　these　hints　many　thought

themselves　obliged　to　be　presented。〃　…　Ibid。；　II。；　170；　212；　303。　…　Duc

de　Rovigo；　〃Mémoires；〃　IV。；　311　and　393。　〃Appointed　minister　of

police；　said　he；　I　inspired　everybody　with　fear：　each　packed　up　his

things；　nothing　was　talked　about　but　exiles；　imprisonment　and　worse

still。〃　…　He　took　advantage　of　all　this　to　recommend　〃everybody　on　his

list　who　was　inscribed　as　an　enemy　of　the　government〃　to　be　presented

at　court；　and　all；　in　fact；　except　stubborn　〃grandmothers〃　were

presented。　（Note　that　the　Duc　de　Rovigo　and　the　general　Savary

mentioned　many　times　by　Taine　is　one　and　the　same　person。　Savary　was

the　general　who　organized　the　infamous　kidnapping　and　execution　of　the

Duc　d'Enghien。　He　was　later　made　minister　of　police　（1810…1814）　and

elevated　Duke　of　　Rovigo　by　Napoleon。　SR。）



＇43＇　Madame　de　Sta？l；　〃Considérations　sur　la　révolution　fran？aise〃　and

〃Dix　ans　d'exil。〃　Exile　of　Madame　de　Balbi；　of　Madame　de　Chevreuse；　of

Madame　de　Duras；　of　Madame　d'Aveaux；　of　Madame　de　Sta？l；　of　Madame　de

Récamier；　etc。　…　Duc　de　Rovigo；　Ibid。；　IV。；　389：　〃The　first　exiles

dated　from　1805；　I　think　there　were　fourteen。〃



＇44＇　Roederer；　III。；　472。　（Report　on　the　Sénatorerie　of　Caen；　1803。）

The　nobles　〃have　no　social　relations　either　with　citizens　or　with　the

public　functionaries；　except　with　the　prefect　of　Caen　and　the　general

in　command。　。　。　。　Their　association　with　the　prefect　intimates　their

belief　that　they　might　need　him。　All　pay　their　respects　to　the　general

of　division；