the origins of contemporary france-5-第63章
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Notes:
'1' Roederer; III。; 334 (August 6; 1800)。
'2' The word means 〃what is beyond the Alps〃 but refers to a number
of doctrines favoring the Pope's absolute authority。 (SR。)
'3' Stanislas Girardin; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 273 (22 Thermidor; year X):
〃The only craving; the only sentiment in France; disturbed for so many
years; is repose。 Whatever secures this will gain its assent。 Its
inhabitants; accustomed to take an active part in all political
questions; now seem to take no interest in them。〃 … Roederer; III。;
484 (Report on the Sénatorerie of Caen; Dec。 1; 1803): 〃The people of
the rural districts; busy with its new affairs; 。 。 。 are perfectly
submissive; because they now find security for persons and property。 。
。 。 They show no enthusiasm for the monarch; but are full of respect
for and trust in a gendarme; they stop and salute him on passing him
on the roads。〃
'4' Rocquam; 〃l'état de la France au 18 Brumaire。〃 (Report by Barbé…
Marbois; p。 72; 81。) Cash…boxes broken open and exclamations by the
officers 〃Money and fortune belong to the brave。 Let us help
ourselves。 Our accounts will be settled at the cannon's mouth。〃 … 〃
The subordinates;〃 adds Barbé…Marbois; 〃fully aware of their
superior's drafts on the public treasury; stipulate for their share of
the booty; accustomed to exacting contributions from outside enemies
they are not averse to treating as conquered enemies the departments
they were called upon to defend。〃
'5' Ibid。 (Reports of Barbe…Marbois and Fourcroy while on their
missions in the 12th and 13th military divisions; year IX。; p。158; on
the tranquility of La Vendée。) 〃I could have gone anywhere without an
escort。 During my stay in some of the villages I was not disturbed by
any fear or suspicion whatever。 。 。 。 The tranquility they now enjoy
and the cessation of persecutions keep them from insurrection。〃
'6' Archives nationales; F7;3273 (Reports by Gen。 Ferino; Pluvi?se;
year IX; with a table of verdicts by the military commission since
Floreal; year VIII。) The commission mentions 53 assassinations; 3
rapes; 44 pillagings of houses; by brigands in Vaucluse; Dr?me; and
the Lower Alps; 66 brigands taken in the act are shot; 87 after
condemnation; and 6; who are wounded; die in the hospital。 … Rocquain;
ibid。; p。 17; (Reports of Fran?ais; from Nantes; on his mission in the
8th military division。) 〃The South may be considered as purged by the
destruction of about 200 brigands who have been shot。 There remains
only three or four bands of 7 or S men each。〃
'7' Three classes of insurrectionary peasants or marauders。 … Tr。
'8' Archives Nationales; F7; 7152 (on the prolongation of brigandage)。
Letter from Lhoste; agent; to the minister of justice; Lyons; Pluvi?se
8; year VIII。 〃The diligences are robbed every week。〃 … Ibid。;
F7;3267; (Seine…et…Oise; bulletins of the military police and
correspondence of the gendarmerie)。 Brumaire 25; year VIII; attack on
the Paris mail near Arpajon by 5 brigands armed with guns。 Fructidor;
year VIII; at three o'clock P。M。; a cart loaded with 10;860 francs
sent by the collector at Mantes to the collector at Versailles is
stopped near the Marly water…works; by 8 or 10 armed brigands on
horseback。 … Similar facts abound。 It is evident that more than a year
is required to put an end to brigandage。 … It is always done by
employing an impartial military force。 (Rocquam; Ibid; p。 10。) 〃There
are at Marseilles three companies of paid national guards; 60 men
each; at a franc per man。 The fund for this guard is supplied by a
contribution of 5 francs a month paid by every man subject to this
duty who wishes to be exempt。 The officers 。 。 。 are all strangers in
the country。 Robberies; murders; and conflicts have ceased in
Marseilles since the establishment of this guard。〃
'9' Archives Nationales; 3144 and 3145; No。1004。 (Reports of the
councillors of State on mission during the year IX; published by
Rocquam; with omissions; among which is the following; in the report
of Fran?ois de Nantes。) 〃The steps taken by the mayors of Marseilles
are sufficiently effective to enable an émigré under surveillance and
just landed; to walk about Marseilles without being knocked down or
knocking anybody else down; an alternative to which they have been
thus far subject。 And yet there are in this town nearly 500 men who
have slaughtered with their own hands; or been the accomplices of
slaughterers; at different times during the Revolution。 。 。 。 The
inhabitants of this town are so accustomed to being annoyed and
despoiled; and to being treated like those of a rebellious town or
colony; that arbitrary power no longer frightens them; and they simply
ask that their lives and property be protected against murderers and
pillagers; and that things be entrusted to sure and impartial hands。〃
'10' Roederer; III。; 481。 (Report on the Sénatorerie of Caen; Germinal
2; year XIII。)… Faber; 〃Notice sur l'intérieur de la France〃(1807);
p。110; 112。 〃Justice is one of the bright sides of France of to…day。
It is costly; but it cannot be called venal。〃
'11' Rocquain; ibid。; 19。 (Report of Fran?ois de Nantes on the 8th
military division。) 〃For the past eighteen months a calm has prevailed
here equal to that which existed before the Revolution。 Balls and
parties have been resumed in the towns; while the old dances of
Provence; suspended for ten years; now gladden the people of the
country。〃
'12' Proclamation to the French people; Dec。 15; 1799。
'13' See 〃The Revolution;〃 vol。 III。; p。292。 (Notes。) (Laff。 II; the
notes on pp。 218…219。)
'14' Decision of the Council of State; Pluvi?se 5; year VIII (Jan。 25;
1800)。
'15' Forneron; 〃Histoire générale des émigrés;〃 II。; 374。 In 1800; the
army of Condé still comprised 1007 officers and 5840 volunteers。
'16' Decrees of Brumaire 3; year IV; and of Frimaire 9; year VI。 (Cf。
〃The Revolution;〃 pp。433; 460。)
'17' Constitution of Frimaire 22; year VIII。 (December 13; 1799);
article 93。 〃The French nation declares that in no case will it suffer
the return of the Frenchmen who; having abandoned their country since
the 14th of July 1789; are not comprised in the exceptions made to the
laws rendered against émigrés。 It interdicts every new exception in
this respect。〃
'18' Opinion of the Council of State; Dec。 25; 1799。
'19' Resolution of Dec。 26; 1799。 … Two ultra…Jacobins; exiled after
Thermidor; are added to the list; Barère and Vadier; undoubtedly by
way of compensation and not to let it appear that the scales inclined
too much on one side。
'20' Resolution of Dec。 30; 1799。
'21' Resolutions of February 26; March 2; and March 3; 1800。
'22' Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires sur le Consulat;〃 199。 (Stated by the First
Consul at Regnault at a meeting of the council of state; Aug。12;
1801。) 〃I am glad to hear the denunciation of striking off names。 How
many have you yourselves not asked for? It could not be otherwise。
Everybody has some relation or friend on the lists。〃
'23' Thibaudeau。 ibid。 (Speech by the First Consul。) 〃Never have there
been lists of émigrés;〃 there are only lists of absentees。 The proof
of this is that names have always been struck off。 I have seen members
of the Convention and even generals on the lists。 Citizen Monge was
inscribed。〃
'24' Thibaudeau; ibid。; 97。 … 〃The minister of police made a great hue
and cry over the arrest and sending back of a few émigrés who returned
without permission; or who annoyed the buyers of their property;
while; at the same time; it granted surveillance to all who asked for
it; paying no attention to the distinction made by the resolution of
Vendémiaire 28。〃
'25' Sénatus…consulte of April 26; 1802。
'26' Sénatus…consulte of April 26; 1802; title II。; articles 16 and
17。 … Gaudin; Duc de Ga?te;