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my past experience which enables me to unveil the future;〃



'118' Mollien; III。; 135; 190。 … In 1810 〃prices have increased 400%

on sugar; and 100 % on cotton and dye stuffs。〃 … 〃 More than 20;000

custom…house officers were employed on the frontier against more than

100;000 smugglers; in constant activity and favored by the

population。〃 …  〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc);

Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。…; I。; 387。 … There were licenses for

importing colonial products; but on condition of exporting a

proportionate quantity of French manufactures; now; England refused to

receive them。 Consequently; 〃not being allowed to bring these articles

back to France; they were thrown overboard。〃 … 〃They began at first by

devoting the refuse of manufactures to this trade; and then ended by

manufacturing articles without other destination; for example; at

Lyons; taffetas and satins。〃



'119' Proclamation of Dec。27; 1805: 〃The Naples dynasty has ceased to

reign。  Its existence is incompatible with the repose of Europe and

the honor of my  crown。〃 … Message to the Senate; Dec。 10; 1810: 〃Fresh

guarantees having become necessary; the annexation to the Empire of

the mouths of the Escaut; the Meuse; the Rhine; the Ems; the Weser;

and the Elbe; seemed to me to be the first and most important。 。 。 。

The annexation of the Valais is an anticipated result of the vast

works I have undertaken for the past ten years in that section of the

Alps。〃



'120' We are familiar with the Spanish affair。  His treatment of

Portugal is anterior and of same order。…〃 Correspondance。〃 (Letter to

Junot; Oct。31; 1807): … 'I have already informed you; that in

authorizing you to enter as an auxiliary; it was to enable you to

possess yourself of the (Portuguese) fleet; but my mind was made up to

take Portugal。〃 … (Letter to Junot; Dec。 23; 1807): 〃Disarm the

country。  Send all the Portuguese troops to France。 。 。 。 I want them

out of the country。  Have all princes; ministers; and other men who

serve as rallying points; sent to France。〃 … (Decree of Dec。 23;

1807): 〃 An extra contribution of 100 million francs shall be imposed

on the kingdom of Portugal; to redeem all property; of whatever

denomination; belonging to private parties。 。 。  All property

belonging to the Queen of Portugal; to the prince…regent; and to

princes in appanage; 。 。 。 。 all the possessions of the nobles who

have followed the king; on his abandoning the country; and who had not

returned to the kingdom before February 1; shall be put under

sequestration。〃 … Cf。 M。 d'Haussonville; 〃L'église Romaine et le

premier Empire;〃 5 vols。 (especially the last volume)。  No other work

enables one to see into Napoleon's object and proceedings better nor

more closely。



'121' 〃Souvenirs du feu duc de Broglie;〃 p。143。 (As a specimen of

steps taken in time of war; see the register of Marshal Bessières'

orders; commandant at Valladolid from April 11 to July 15; 1811。) …

〃Correspondance du Roi Jérome;〃 letter of Jerome to Napoleon; Dec。 5;

1811。  (Showing the situation of a vanquished people in times of

peace): 〃If war should break out; all countries between the Rhine and

the Oder will become the center of a vast and active insurrection。

The mighty cause of this dangerous movement is not merely hatred of

the French; and impatience of a foreign yoke; but rather in the

misfortunes of the day; in the total ruin of all classes; in over…

taxation; consisting of war levies; the maintenance of troops;

soldiers traversing the country; and every sort of constantly renewed

vexation。 。 。 。 At Hanover; Magdebourg; and in the principal towns of

my kingdom; owners of property are abandoning their dwellings and

vainly trying to dispose of them at the lowest prices。 。 。 。 Misery

everywhere presses on families; capital is exhausted; the noble; the

peasant; the bourgeois; are crushed with debt and want。 。 。 。 The

despair of populations no longer having anything  to lose; because all

has been taken away; is to be feared。〃 … De Pradt; p。73。   (Specimen

of military proceedings in allied countries。) At Wolburch; in the

Bishop of Cujavie's chateau; 〃I found his secretary; canon of Cujavie;

decorated with the ribbon and cross of his order; who showed me his

jaw; broken by the vigorous blows administered to him the previous

evening by General Count Vandamme; because he had refused to serve

Tokay wine; imperiously demanded by the general; he was told that the

King of Westphalia had lodged in the castle the day before; and had

carted away all this wine。〃



'122' Fievée; 〃Correspondance et relations avec Bonaparte; de 1802 à

1813;〃 III。; 82。 (Dec。 1811); (On the populations annexed or

conquered): 〃There is no hesitation in depriving them of their

patrimony; their language; their legislatures; in disturbing all their

habits; and that without any warrant but throwing a bulletin des lois

at their heads (inapplicable)。 。 。 。 How could they be expected to

recognize this; or even become resigned to it? 。 。 。 Is it possible

not to feel that one no longer has a country; that one is under

constraint; wounded in feeling and humiliated? 。 。 。 Prussia; and a

large part of Germany; has been so impoverished that there is more to

gain by taking a pitchfork to kill a man than to stir up a pile of

manure。〃



'123' 〃Correspondance;〃 letter to King Joseph; Feb。 18; 1814。 〃If I

had signed the treaty reducing France to its ancient limits; I should

have gone to war two years after … Marmont; V。; 133 (1813): 〃Napoleon;

in the last years of his reign; always preferred to lose all rather

than to yield anything。〃



'124' M。 de Metternich; II。; 205。



'125' Words of Richelieu on his death…bed: 〃Behold my judge;〃 said he;

pointing to the Host; 〃the judge who will soon pronounce his verdict。

I pray that he will condemn me; if; during my ministry; I have

proposed to myself aught else than the good of religion and of the

State。〃



'126' Miot de Melito; 〃Mémoires;〃II。; 48; 152。



'127' 〃Souvenirs;〃 by Gaudin; duc de Ga?te (3rd vol。 of the

〃Mémoires;〃 p。67)。



'128' M。 de Metternich; II。; 120。 (Letter to Stadion; July 26; 1807。)



'129' Ibid。; II。; 291。 (Letter of April 11; 1809。)



'130' Ibid。; II。; 400。 (Letter of Jan。17; 1811。) In lucid moments;

Napoleon takes the same view。 Cf。 Pelet de la Lozère; 〃Opinions de

Napoleon au conseil d'etat;〃 p。 15 : 〃That will last as long as I do。

After me; however; my son will deem himself fortunate if he has 40;000

francs a year。〃 … (De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 III。; 155。) :

〃How often at this time (1811) was he heard to foretell that the

weight of his empire would crush his heir!〃  〃Poor child;〃 said he;

regarding the King of Rome; 〃what an entanglement I shall leave to

you!〃 From the beginning he frequently passed judgment on himself and

foresaw the effect of his action in history。〃 On reaching the isle of

Poplars; the First Consul stopped at Rousseau's grave; and said: 'It

would have; been better for the repose of France; if that man had

never existed。' 'And why; citizen Consul?' 'He is the man who made the

French revolution。'  'It seems to me that you need not complain of the

French revolution!' 'well; the future must decide whether it would not

have been better for the repose of the whole world if neither myself

nor Rousseau had ever lived。'  He then resumed his promenade in a

revery。〃 … Stanislas Girardin; 〃Journal et Mémoires;〃 III。; Visit of

the French Consul to Ermenonville。



'131' Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 III。; 337。 (On returning from Wagram。)



'132' On this initial discord; cf。 Armand Lefèvre; 〃Histoire des

Cabinets de l'Europe;〃 vol。VI。



'133' 〃Correspondance de Napoléon I。〃 (Letter to the King of

Wurtemberg; April 2; 1811。)



'134' Testament of April 25; 1821  〃It is my desire that my remains

rest on the banks of the Seine; amidst that French people I have so

dearly loved。〃



'135' 〃Correspondance de Napol

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