the origins of contemporary france-5-第32章
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my past experience which enables me to unveil the future;〃
'118' Mollien; III。; 135; 190。 … In 1810 〃prices have increased 400%
on sugar; and 100 % on cotton and dye stuffs。〃 … 〃 More than 20;000
custom…house officers were employed on the frontier against more than
100;000 smugglers; in constant activity and favored by the
population。〃 … 〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc);
Librarie Plon; Paris 1893。…; I。; 387。 … There were licenses for
importing colonial products; but on condition of exporting a
proportionate quantity of French manufactures; now; England refused to
receive them。 Consequently; 〃not being allowed to bring these articles
back to France; they were thrown overboard。〃 … 〃They began at first by
devoting the refuse of manufactures to this trade; and then ended by
manufacturing articles without other destination; for example; at
Lyons; taffetas and satins。〃
'119' Proclamation of Dec。27; 1805: 〃The Naples dynasty has ceased to
reign。 Its existence is incompatible with the repose of Europe and
the honor of my crown。〃 … Message to the Senate; Dec。 10; 1810: 〃Fresh
guarantees having become necessary; the annexation to the Empire of
the mouths of the Escaut; the Meuse; the Rhine; the Ems; the Weser;
and the Elbe; seemed to me to be the first and most important。 。 。 。
The annexation of the Valais is an anticipated result of the vast
works I have undertaken for the past ten years in that section of the
Alps。〃
'120' We are familiar with the Spanish affair。 His treatment of
Portugal is anterior and of same order。…〃 Correspondance。〃 (Letter to
Junot; Oct。31; 1807): … 'I have already informed you; that in
authorizing you to enter as an auxiliary; it was to enable you to
possess yourself of the (Portuguese) fleet; but my mind was made up to
take Portugal。〃 … (Letter to Junot; Dec。 23; 1807): 〃Disarm the
country。 Send all the Portuguese troops to France。 。 。 。 I want them
out of the country。 Have all princes; ministers; and other men who
serve as rallying points; sent to France。〃 … (Decree of Dec。 23;
1807): 〃 An extra contribution of 100 million francs shall be imposed
on the kingdom of Portugal; to redeem all property; of whatever
denomination; belonging to private parties。 。 。 All property
belonging to the Queen of Portugal; to the prince…regent; and to
princes in appanage; 。 。 。 。 all the possessions of the nobles who
have followed the king; on his abandoning the country; and who had not
returned to the kingdom before February 1; shall be put under
sequestration。〃 … Cf。 M。 d'Haussonville; 〃L'église Romaine et le
premier Empire;〃 5 vols。 (especially the last volume)。 No other work
enables one to see into Napoleon's object and proceedings better nor
more closely。
'121' 〃Souvenirs du feu duc de Broglie;〃 p。143。 (As a specimen of
steps taken in time of war; see the register of Marshal Bessières'
orders; commandant at Valladolid from April 11 to July 15; 1811。) …
〃Correspondance du Roi Jérome;〃 letter of Jerome to Napoleon; Dec。 5;
1811。 (Showing the situation of a vanquished people in times of
peace): 〃If war should break out; all countries between the Rhine and
the Oder will become the center of a vast and active insurrection。
The mighty cause of this dangerous movement is not merely hatred of
the French; and impatience of a foreign yoke; but rather in the
misfortunes of the day; in the total ruin of all classes; in over…
taxation; consisting of war levies; the maintenance of troops;
soldiers traversing the country; and every sort of constantly renewed
vexation。 。 。 。 At Hanover; Magdebourg; and in the principal towns of
my kingdom; owners of property are abandoning their dwellings and
vainly trying to dispose of them at the lowest prices。 。 。 。 Misery
everywhere presses on families; capital is exhausted; the noble; the
peasant; the bourgeois; are crushed with debt and want。 。 。 。 The
despair of populations no longer having anything to lose; because all
has been taken away; is to be feared。〃 … De Pradt; p。73。 (Specimen
of military proceedings in allied countries。) At Wolburch; in the
Bishop of Cujavie's chateau; 〃I found his secretary; canon of Cujavie;
decorated with the ribbon and cross of his order; who showed me his
jaw; broken by the vigorous blows administered to him the previous
evening by General Count Vandamme; because he had refused to serve
Tokay wine; imperiously demanded by the general; he was told that the
King of Westphalia had lodged in the castle the day before; and had
carted away all this wine。〃
'122' Fievée; 〃Correspondance et relations avec Bonaparte; de 1802 à
1813;〃 III。; 82。 (Dec。 1811); (On the populations annexed or
conquered): 〃There is no hesitation in depriving them of their
patrimony; their language; their legislatures; in disturbing all their
habits; and that without any warrant but throwing a bulletin des lois
at their heads (inapplicable)。 。 。 。 How could they be expected to
recognize this; or even become resigned to it? 。 。 。 Is it possible
not to feel that one no longer has a country; that one is under
constraint; wounded in feeling and humiliated? 。 。 。 Prussia; and a
large part of Germany; has been so impoverished that there is more to
gain by taking a pitchfork to kill a man than to stir up a pile of
manure。〃
'123' 〃Correspondance;〃 letter to King Joseph; Feb。 18; 1814。 〃If I
had signed the treaty reducing France to its ancient limits; I should
have gone to war two years after … Marmont; V。; 133 (1813): 〃Napoleon;
in the last years of his reign; always preferred to lose all rather
than to yield anything。〃
'124' M。 de Metternich; II。; 205。
'125' Words of Richelieu on his death…bed: 〃Behold my judge;〃 said he;
pointing to the Host; 〃the judge who will soon pronounce his verdict。
I pray that he will condemn me; if; during my ministry; I have
proposed to myself aught else than the good of religion and of the
State。〃
'126' Miot de Melito; 〃Mémoires;〃II。; 48; 152。
'127' 〃Souvenirs;〃 by Gaudin; duc de Ga?te (3rd vol。 of the
〃Mémoires;〃 p。67)。
'128' M。 de Metternich; II。; 120。 (Letter to Stadion; July 26; 1807。)
'129' Ibid。; II。; 291。 (Letter of April 11; 1809。)
'130' Ibid。; II。; 400。 (Letter of Jan。17; 1811。) In lucid moments;
Napoleon takes the same view。 Cf。 Pelet de la Lozère; 〃Opinions de
Napoleon au conseil d'etat;〃 p。 15 : 〃That will last as long as I do。
After me; however; my son will deem himself fortunate if he has 40;000
francs a year。〃 … (De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 III。; 155。) :
〃How often at this time (1811) was he heard to foretell that the
weight of his empire would crush his heir!〃 〃Poor child;〃 said he;
regarding the King of Rome; 〃what an entanglement I shall leave to
you!〃 From the beginning he frequently passed judgment on himself and
foresaw the effect of his action in history。〃 On reaching the isle of
Poplars; the First Consul stopped at Rousseau's grave; and said: 'It
would have; been better for the repose of France; if that man had
never existed。' 'And why; citizen Consul?' 'He is the man who made the
French revolution。' 'It seems to me that you need not complain of the
French revolution!' 'well; the future must decide whether it would not
have been better for the repose of the whole world if neither myself
nor Rousseau had ever lived。' He then resumed his promenade in a
revery。〃 … Stanislas Girardin; 〃Journal et Mémoires;〃 III。; Visit of
the French Consul to Ermenonville。
'131' Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 III。; 337。 (On returning from Wagram。)
'132' On this initial discord; cf。 Armand Lefèvre; 〃Histoire des
Cabinets de l'Europe;〃 vol。VI。
'133' 〃Correspondance de Napoléon I。〃 (Letter to the King of
Wurtemberg; April 2; 1811。)
'134' Testament of April 25; 1821 〃It is my desire that my remains
rest on the banks of the Seine; amidst that French people I have so
dearly loved。〃
'135' 〃Correspondance de Napol