the origins of contemporary france-5-第13章

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the　necessary　condition　of　self…consistency　is　subject；　is　the　test　of

its　success　in　practice。　　We　are　entitled　to　have　faith　in　our

procedure　just　so　long　as　it　does　the　work　it　is　designed　to　do　…　that

is；　enables　us　to　predict　future　experience；　and　so　to　control　our

environment。〃

And　on　the　Purpose　of　Inquiry：

'The　traditional　disputes　of　philosophers　are；　for　the　most　part；　as

unwarranted　as　they　are　unfruitful。　　The　surest　way　to　end　them　is　to

establish　beyond　question　what　should　be　the　purpose　and　the　method　of

philosophical　inquiry。'　（SR。）



＇57＇　An　expression　of　Mollien。



＇58＇　Meneval；　I。；　210；　213。　　…　Roederer；　III。；　537；　545　（February　and

March；　1889）：　Words　of　Napoleon：　〃At　this　moment　it　was　nearly

midnight。〃　…　　Ibid。；　IV。；　55　（November；　1809）。　　Read　the　admirable

examination　of　Roederer　by　Napoleon　on　the　Kingdom　of　Naples。　　His

queries　form　a　vast　systematic　and　concise　network；　embracing　the

entire　subject；　leaving　no　physical　or　moral　data；　no　useful

circumstance　not　seized　upon。　　…　Ségur；　II。；　231：　M。　De　Ségur；　ordered

to　inspect　every　part　of　the　coast…line；　had　sent　in　his　report：　〃'I

have　seen　your　reports；'　said　the　First　Consul　to　me；　'and　they　are

exact。　　Nevertheless；　you　forgot　at　Osten　two　cannon　out　of　the　four。'

…　And　he　pointed　out　the　place；　'a　roadway　behind　the　town。'　I　went

out　overwhelmed　with　astonishment　that　among　thousands　of　cannon

distributed　among　the　mounted　batteries　or　light　artillery　on　the

coast；　two　pieces　should　not　have　escaped　his　recollection。〃　…

〃Correspondance；〃　letter　to　King　Joseph；　August　6；　　1806：　〃The

admirable　condition　of　my　armies　is　due　to　this；　that　I　give　attention

to　them　every　day　for　an　hour　or　two；　and；　when　the　monthly　reports

come　in；　to　the　state　of　my　troops　and　fleets；　all　forming　about

twenty　large　volumes。　　I　leave　every　other　occupation　to　read　them

over　in　detail；　to　see　what　difference　there　is　between　one　month　and

another。　　I　take　more　pleasure　in　reading　those　than　any　young　girl

does　in　a　novel。〃　…　　Cadet　de　Gassicourt；　〃Voyage　en　Autriche〃（1809）。

On　his　reviews　at　Schoenbrunn　and　his　verification　of　the　contents　of

a　pontoon…wagon；　taken　as　an　example。



＇59＇　One　ancient　French　league　equals　app。　　4　km。　（SR。）



＇60＇　Bourrienne；　II。；　116；　IV。；　238：　〃He　had　not　a　good　memory　for

proper　names；　words；　and　dates；　but　it　was　prodigious　for　facts　and

localities。　　I　remember　that；　on　the　way　from　Paris　to　Toulon；　he

called　my　attention　to　ten　places　suitable　for　giving　battle。　　　。　　。

。　　It　was　a　souvenir　of　his　youthful　travels；　and　he　described　to　me

the　lay　of　the　ground；　designating　the　positions　he　would　have　taken

even　before　we　were　on　the　spot。〃　March　17；　1800；　puncturing　a　card

with　a　pin；　he　shows　Bourrienne　the　place　where　he　intends　to　beat

Mélas；　at　San　Juliano。　　〃Four　months　after　this　I　found　myself　at　San

Juliano　with　his　portfolio　and　dispatches；　and；　that　very　evening；　at

Torre…di…Gafolo；　a　league　off；　I　wrote　the　bulletin　of　the　battle

under　his　dictation〃　（of　Marengo）。　　…De　Ségur；　II。；　30　（Narrative　of

M。　Daru　to　M。　De　Ségur　　Aug。　　13；　1805；　at　the　headquarters　of　La

Manche；　Napoleon　dictates　to　M。　Daru　the　complete　plan　of　the　campaign

against　Austria）：　〃Order　of　marches；　their　duration；　places　of

convergence　or　meeting　of　the　columns；　attacks　in　full　force；　the

various　movements　and　mistakes　of　the　enemy；　all；　in　this　rapid

dictation；　was　foreseen　two　months　beforehand　and　at　a　distance　of　two

hundred　leagues。　　。　　。　　。　　The　battle…field；　the　victories；　and　even

the　very　days　on　which　we　were　to　enter　Munich　and　Vienna　were　then

announced　and　written　down　as　it　all　turned　out。　　。　　。　　。　　Daru　saw

these　oracles　fulfilled　on　the　designated　days　up　to　our　entry　into

Munich；　if　there　were　any　differences　of　time　and　not　of　results

between　Munich　and　Vienna；　they　were　all　in　our　favor。〃　…M。　de　La

Vallette；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　p。　　35。　　（He　was　postmaster…general）：　　〃It

often　happened　to　me　that　I　was　not　as　certain　as　he　was　of　distances

and　of　many　details　in　my　administration　on　which　he　was　able　to　set

me　straight。〃　…　On　returning　from　the　camp　at　Bologna；　Napoleon

encounters　a　squad　of　soldiers　who　had　got　lost；　asks　what　regiment

they　belong　to；　calculates　the　day　they　left；　the　road　they　took；　what

distance　they　should　have　marched。　　and　then　tells　them；　〃You　will

find　your　battalion　at　such　a　halting　place。〃　…　At　this　time；　〃the

army　numbered　200；000　men。〃



＇61＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　I。；　103；　268。



＇62＇　Thibaudeau；　p。25；　I　（on　the　Jacobin　survivors）：　〃They　are　nothing

but　common　artisans；　painters；　etc。；　with　lively　imaginations；　a

little　better　instructed　than　the　people；　living　amongst　the　people

and　exercising　influence　over　them。〃　…　Madame　de　Rémusat；　I。；　271　（on

the　royalist　party）：　〃It　is　very　easy　to　deceive　that　party　because

its　starting…point　is　not　what　it　is；　but　what　it　would　like　to　have。〃

…　　I。；　337：　〃The　Bourbons　will　never　see　anything　except　through　the

Oeil　de　Boeuf。〃　…　Thibaudeau；　p。46：　〃Insurrections　and　emigrations　are

skin　diseases；　terrorism　is　an　internal　malady。〃　Ibid。；　75：　〃What　now

keeps　the　spirit　of　the　army　up　is　the　idea　soldiers　have　that　they

occupy　the　places　of　former　nobles。〃



＇63＇　Thibaudeau；　pp。419　to　452。　　（Both　texts　are　given　in　separate

columns。）　And　passim；　for　instance；　p。84；　the　following　portrayal　of

the　decadal　system　of　worship　under　the　Republic：　〃It　was　imagined

that　citizens　could　be　got　together　in　churches；　to　freeze　with　cold

and　hear；　read；　and　study　laws；　in　which　there　was　already　but　little

fun　for　those　who　executed　them。〃　Another　example　of　the　way　in　which

his　ideas　expressed　themselves　through　imagery　（Pelet　de　la　Lozère；　p。

242）：　〃I　am　not　satisfied　with　the　customs　regulations　on　the　Alps。

They　show　no　life。　　We　don't　hear　the　rattle　of　crown　pieces　pouring

into　the　public　treasury。〃　To　appreciate　the　vividness　of　Napoleon's

expressions　and　thought　the　reader　must　consult；　especially；　the　five

or　six　long　conversations；　noted　on　the　very　evening　of　the　day　they

occurred　by　Roederer；　the　two　or　three　conversations　likewise　noted　by

Miot　de　Melito；　the　scenes　narrated　by　Beugnot；　the　notes　of　Pelet　de

la　Lozère　and　by　Stanislas　de　Girardin；　and　nearly　the　entire　volume

by　Thibaudeau。



＇64＇　Pelet　de　la　Lozère；　63；　64。　　（On　the　physiological　differences

between　the　English　and　the　French。）　…　Madame　de　Rémusat；　I。；　273；

392：　〃You；　Frenchmen；　are　not　in　earnest　about　anything；　except；

perhaps；　equality；　and　even　here　you　would　gladly　give　this　up　if　you

were　sure　of　being　the　foremost。　　。　　。　　。　　The　hope　of　advancement　in

the　world　should　be　cherished　by　everybody。　　。　　。　　。　　Keep　your　vanity

always　alive　　The　severity　of　the　republican　government　would　have

worried　you　to　death。　　What　started　the　Revolution？　Vanity。　　　What

will　end　it？　Vanity；　again。　　Liberty　is　merely　a　pretext。〃　…　III。；　153

〃Liberty　is　the　craving　of　a　small　and　privileged　class　by　nature；

with　faculties　superior　to　the　common　run　of　men；　this　class；

therefore；　may　be　put　under　restraint　with　impunity；　equality；　on　the

contrary；　catches　the　multitude。〃　…　Thibaudeau；　99：　〃What　do　I　care

for　the　opinions　and　cackle　of　the　drawing…room？　I　never　heed　it。　　I

pay　attention　only　to　what　rude　peasants　say。〃　His　estimates　of

certain　situations　are　masterpieces　of　picturesque　concision。　　〃Why

did　I　stop　and　sign　the　preliminaries　of　Leoben？　Because　I　played

vingt…et…un　and　was　satisfied　with　twenty。〃　His　insight　into

（dramatic）　character　is　that　of　the　most　sagacious　critic。　　　〃The

'Mahomet'　of　Voltaire　is　neither　a　prophet　nor　an　Arab；　only　an

impostor　graduated　out　of　the　école　Polytechnique。〃　…　〃　Madame　de

Genlis　tries　to　define　virtue　as　if　she　were　the　discoverer　of　it。〃　…

（On　Madame　de　Sta？l）：　〃This　woman　teaches　people　to　think　who　never

took　to　it；　or　have　forgotten　how。〃　…　（On　Chateaubriand；　one　of　whose

relations　had　just　bee