the book of prognostics-第2章

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that　is　hard　and　painful；　is　very　bad；　provided　it　occupy　the　whole

hypochondrium；　but　if　it　be　on　either　side；　it　is　less　dangerous

when　on　the　left。　Such　swellings　at　the　commencement　of　the　disease

prognosticate　speedy　death；　but　if　the　fever　has　passed　twenty　days；

and　the　swelling　has　not　subsided；　it　turns　to　a　suppuration。　A

discharge　of　blood　from　the　nose　occurs　to　such　in　the　first　period；

and　proves　very　useful；　but　inquiry　should　be　made　if　they　have

headache　or　indistinct　vision；　for　if　there　be　such；　the　disease

will　be　determined　thither。　The　discharge　of　blood　is　rather　to　be

expected　in　those　who　are　younger　than　thirty…five　years。　Such

swellings　as　are　soft；　free　from　pain；　and　yield　to　the　finger；

occasion　more　protracted　crises；　and　are　less　dangerous　than　the

others。　But　if　the　fever　continue　beyond　sixty　days；　without　any

subsidence　of　the　swelling；　it　indicates　that　empyema　is　about　to　take

place；　and　a　swelling　in　any　other　part　of　the　cavity　will　terminate

in　like　manner。　Such；　then；　as　are　painful；　hard；　and　large；

indicate　danger　of　speedy　death；　but　such　as　are　soft；　free　of　pain；

and　yield　when　pressed　with　the　finger；　are　more　chronic　than　these。

Swellings　in　the　belly　less　frequently　form　abscesses　than　those　in

the　hypochondrium；　and　seldomest　of　all；　those　below　the　navel　are

converted　into　suppuration；　but　you　may　rather　expect　a　hemorrhage

from　the　upper　parts。　But　the　suppuration　of　all　protracted

swellings　about　these　parts　is　to　be　anticipated。　The　collections　of

matter　there　are　to　be　thus　judged　of：　such　as　are　determined　outwards

are　the　best　when　they　are　small；　when　they　protrude　very　much；　and

swell　to　a　point；　such　as　are　large　and　broad；　and　which　do　not

swell　out　to　a　sharp　point；　are　the　worst。　Of　such　as　break

internally；　the　best　are　those　which　have　no　external　communication；

but　are　covered　and　indolent；　and　when　the　whole　place　is　free　from

discoloration。　That　pus　is　best　which　is　white；　homogeneous；　smooth；

and　not　at　all　fetid；　the　contrary　to　this　is　the　worst。

　　8。　All　dropsies　arising　from　acute　diseases　are　bad；　for　they　do　not

remove　the　fever；　and　are　very　painful　and　fatal。　The　most　of　them

commence　from　the　flanks　and　loins；　but　some　from　the　liver；　in

those　which　derive　their　origin　from　the　flanks　and　loins　the　feet

swell；　protracted　diarrhoeas　supervene；　which　neither　remove　the　pains

in　the　flanks　and　loins；　nor　soften　the　belly；　but　in　dropsies　which

are　connected　with　the　liver　there　is　a　tickling　cough；　with

scarcely　any　perceptible　expectoration；　and　the　feet　swell；　there

are　no　evacuations　from　the　bowels；　unless　such　as　are　hard　and

forced；　and　there　are　swellings　about　the　belly；　sometimes　on　the

one　side　and　sometimes　on　the　other；　and　these　increase　and　diminish

by　turns。

　　9。　It　is　a　bad　symptom　when　the　head；　hands；　and　feet　are　cold；

while　the　belly　and　sides　are　hot；　but　it　is　a　very　good　symptom

when　the　whole　body　is　equally　hot。　The　patient　ought　to　be　able　to

turn　round　easily；　and　to　be　agile　when　raised　up；　but　if　he　appear

heavy　in　the　rest　of　his　body　as　well　as　in　his　hands　and　feet；　it

is　more　dangerous；　and　if；　in　addition　to　the　weight；　his　nails　and

fingers　become　livid；　immediate　death　may　be　anticipated；　and　if　the

hands　and　feet　be　black　it　is　less　dangerous　than　if　they　be　livid；

but　the　other　symptoms　must　be　attended；　to；　for　if　he　appear　to

bear　the　illness　well；　and　if　certain　of　the　salutary　symptoms

appear　along　with　these　there　may　be　hope　that　the　disease　will　turn

to　a　deposition；　so　that　the　man　may　recover；　but　the　blackened

parts　of　the　body　will　drop　off。　When　the　testicles　and　members　are

retracted　upwards；　they　indicate　strong　pains　and　danger　of　death。

　　10。　With　regard　to　sleep…　as　is　usual　with　us　in　health；　the　patient

should　wake　during　the　day　and　sleep　during　the　night。　If　this　rule　be

anywise　altered　it　is　so　far　worse：　but　there　will　be　little　harm

provided　he　sleep　in　the　morning　for　the　third　part　of　the　day；　such

sleep　as　takes　place　after　this　time　is　more　unfavorable；　but　the

worst　of　all　is　to　get　no　sleep　either　night　or　day；　for　it　follows

from　this　symptom　that　the　insomnolency　is　connected　with　sorrow　and

pains；　or　that　he　is　about　to　become　delirious。

　　11。　The　excrement　is　best　which　is　soft　and　consistent；　is　passed　at

the　hour　which　was　customary　to　the　patient　when　in　health；　in

quantity　proportionate　to　the　ingests；　for　when　the　passages　are　such；

the　lower　belly　is　in　a　healthy　state。　But　if　the　discharges　be　fluid；

it　is　favorable　that　they　are　not　accompanied　with　a　noise；　nor　are

frequent；　nor　in　great　quantity；　for　the　man　being　oppressed　by

frequently　getting　up；　must　be　deprived　of　sleep；　and　if　the

evacuations　be　both　frequent　and　large；　there　is　danger　of　his　falling

into　deliquium　animi。　But　in　proportion　to　the　ingesta　he　should

have　evacuations　twice　or　thrice　in　the　day；　once　at　night　and　more

copiously　in　the　morning；　as　is　customary　with　a　person　in　health。　The

faeces　should　become　thicker　when　the　disease　is　tending　to　a

crisis；　they　ought　to　be　yellowish　and　not　very　fetid。　It　is　favorable

that　round　worms　be　passed　with　the　discharges　when　the　disease　is

tending　to　a　crisis。　The　belly；　too；　through　the　whole　disease；　should

be　soft　and　moderately　distended；　but　excrements　that　are　very　watery；

or　white；　or　green；　or　very　red；　or　frothy；　are　all　bad。　It　is　also

bad　when　the　discharge　is　small；　and　viscid；　and　white；　and

greenish；　and　smooth；　but　still　more　deadly　appearances　are　the　black；

or　fatty；　or　livid；　or　verdigris…green；　or　fetid。　Such　as　are　of

varied　characters　indicate　greater　duration　of　the　complaint；　but

are　no　less　dangerous；　such　as　those　which　resemble　scrapings；　those

which　are　bilious；　those　resembling　leeks；　and　the　black；　these

being　sometimes　passed　together；　and　sometimes　singly。　It　is　best　when

wind　passes　without　noise；　but　it　is　better　that　flatulence　should

pass　even　thus　than　that　it　should　be　retained；　and　when　it　does

pass　thus；　it　indicates　either　that　the　man　is　in　pain　or　in　delirium；

unless　he　gives　vent　to　the　wind　spontaneously。　Pains　in　the

hypochondria；　and　swellings；　if　recent；　and　not　accompanied　with

inflammation；　are　relieved　by　borborygmi　supervening　in　the

hypochondrium；　more　especially　if　it　pass　off　with　faeces；　urine；

and　wind；　but　even　although　not；　it　will　do　good　by　passing　along；　and

it　also　does　good　by　descending　to　the　lower　part　of　the　belly。

　　12。　The　urine　is　best　when　the　sediment　is　white；　smooth；　and

consistent　during　the　whole　time；　until　the　disease　come　to　a

crisis；　for　it　indicates　freedom　from　danger；　and　an　illness　of

short　duration；　but　if　deficient；　and　if　it　be　sometimes　passed　clear；

and　sometimes　with　a　white　and　smooth　sediment；　the　disease　will　be

more　protracted；　and　not　so　void　of　danger。　But　if　the　urine　be

reddish；　and　the　sediment　consistent　and　smooth；　the　affection；　in

this　case；　will　be　more　protracted　than　the　former；　but　still　not

fatal。　But　farinaceous　sediments　in　the　urine　are　bad；　and　still　worse

are　the　leafy；　the　white　and　thin　are　very　bad；　but　the　furfuraceous

are　still　worse　than　these。　Clouds　carried　about　in　the　urine　are　good

when　white；　but　bad　if　black。　When　the　urine　is　yellow　and　thin；　it

indicates　that　the　disease　is　unconcocted；　and　if　it　（the　disease）

should　be　protracted；　there　maybe　danger　lest　the　patient　should　not

hold　out　until　the　urine　be　concocted。　But　the　most　deadly　of　all

kinds　of　urine　are　the　fetid；　watery；　black；　and　thick；　in　adult　men

and　women　the　black　is　of　all　kinds　of　urine　the　worst；　but　in

children；　the　watery。　In　those　who　pass　thin　and　crude　urine　for　a

length　of　time；　if　they　have　otherwise　symptoms　of　convalescence；　an

abscess　may　be　expected　to　form　in　the　parts　below　the　diaphragm。

And　fatty　substances　floating　on　the　surface　are　to　be　dreaded；　for

they　are　indications　of　melting。　And　one　should　consider　respecting

the　kinds　of　urine；　which　have　clouds；　whether　they　tend　upwards　or

downwards；　and　upwards　or　downwards