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                                     410 BC

                                 THE PHOENISSAE

                                  by Euripides

                         translated by E。 P。 Coleridge




  CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY


  JOCASTA; wife of OEDIPUS

  OLD SERVANT; an attendant of ANTIGONE

  ANTIGONE; daughter Of OEDIPUS

  CHORUS OF PHOENICIAN MAIDENS

  POLYNEICES; exiled son of OEDIPUS

  ETEOCLES; now King of Thebes; son of OEDIPUS

  CREON; brother of JOCASTA

  TEIRESIAS; a blind prophet

  MENOECEUS; son of CREON

  FIRST MESSENGER

  SECOND MESSENGER

  OEDIPUS; formerly King of Thebes

  Daughter of TEIRESIAS; guards; attendants





PHOENISSAE

    THE PHOENISSAE





    (SCENE:…Before the royal palace of Thebes。 JOCASTA enters from the

palace alone。)



  JOCASTA

    O SUN…GOD; who cleavest thy way along the starry sky; mounted on

golden…studded car; rolling on thy path of flame behind fleet

coursers; how curst the beam thou didst shed on Thebes; the day that

Cadmus left Phoenicia's realm beside the sea and reached this land! He

it was that in days long gone wedded Harmonia; the daughter of Cypris;

and begat Polydorus from whom they say sprung Labdacus; and Laius from

him。 I am known as the daughter of Menoeceus; and Creon is my

brother by the same mother。 Men called me Jocasta; for so my father

named me; and I am married to Laius。 Now when he was still childless

after being wedded to me a long time; he went and questioned

Phoebus; craving moreover that our love might be crowned with sons

born to his house。 But the god said; 〃King of Thebes for horses famed!

seek not to beget children against the will of heaven; for if thou

beget a son; that child shall slay thee; and all thy house shall

wade through blood。〃 But he; yielding to his lust in a drunken fit;

begat a son of me; and when his babe was born; conscious of his sin

and of the god's warning; he gave the child to shepherds to expose

in Hera's meadow on mount Cithaeron; after piercing his ankles with

iron spikes; whence it was that Hellas named him Oedipus。 But the

keepers of the horses of Polybus finding him took him home and laid

him in the arms of their mistress。 So she suckled the child that I had

borne and persuaded her husband she was its mother。 Soon as my son was

grown to man's estate; the tawny beard upon his cheek; either

because he had guessed the fraud or learnt it from another; he set out

for the shrine of Phoebus; eager to know for certain who his parents

were; and likewise Laius; my husband; was on his way thither;

anxious to find out if the child he had exposed was dead。 And they

twain met where the branching roads to Phocis unite; and the

charioteer of Laius called to him; 〃Out of the way; stranger; room for

my lord!〃 But he; with never a word; strode on in his pride; and the

horses with their hoofs drew blood from the tendons of his feet。

Then…but why need I tell aught beyond the sad issue?…son slew

father; and taking his chariot gave it to Polybus his foster…father。

Now when the Sphinx was grievously harrying our city after my

husband's death; my brother Creon proclaimed that he would wed me to

any who should guess the riddle of that crafty maiden。 By some strange

chance; my own son; Oedipus; guessed the Sphinx's riddle; and so he

became king of this land and received its sceptre as his prize; and

married his mother; all unwitting; luckless wretch! nor did I his

mother know that I was wedded to my son; and I bore him two sons;

Eteocles and the hero Polyneices; and two daughters as well; the one

her father called Ismene; the other; which was the elder; I named

Antigone。 Now when Oedipus; that awful sufferer; learnt that I his

wedded wife was his mother too; he inflicted a ghastly outrage upon

his eyes; tearing the bleeding orbs with a golden brooch。 But since my

sons have grown to bearded men; they have confined their father

closely; that his misfortune; needing as it did full many a shift to

hide it; might be forgotten。 He is still living in the palace; but his

misfortunes have so unhinged him that he imprecates the most unholy

curses on his sons; praying that they may have to draw the sword

before they share this house between them。 So they; fearful that

heaven may accomplish his prayer if they dwell together; have made

an agreement; arranging that Polyneices; the younger; should first

leave the land in voluntary exile; while Eteocles should stay and hold

the sceptre for a year and then change places。 But as soon as Eteocles

was seated high in power; he refused to give up the throne; and

drove Polyneices into exile from the kingdom; so Polyneices went to

Argos and married into the family of Adrastus; and having collected

a numerous force of Argives is leading them hither; and he is come

up against our seven…gated walls; demanding the sceptre of his

father and his share in the kingdom。 Wherefore I; to end their strife;

have prevailed on one son to meet the other under truce; before

appealing to arms; and the messenger I sent tells me that he will

come。 O Zeus; whose home is heaven's radiant vault; save us; and grant

that my sons may be reconciled! For thou; if thou art really wise;

must not suffer the same poor mortal to be for ever wretched。



    (JOCASTA re…enters the palace; as the OLD SERVANT appears on the

roof。)



  OLD SERVANT

    Antigone; choice blossom in a father's house; although thy

mother allowed thee at thy earnest treaty to leave thy maiden

chamber for the topmost story of the house; thence to behold the

Argive host; yet a stay moment that I may first reconnoitre the

path; whether there be any of the citizens visible on the road; lest

reproach; little as it matters to a slave like me; fasten on thee;

my royal mistress; and when I am quite sure will tell thee

everything that I saw and heard from the Argives; when carried the

terms of the truce to and fro between this city and Polyneices。 (After

a slight pause) No; there is no citizen approaching the palace; so

mount the ancient cedar steps; and view the plains that skirt

Ismenus and the fount of Dirce to see the mighty host of foemen。



    (ANTIGONE appears beside him。 She chants her replies to him。)



  ANTIGONE

    Stretch out thy hand to me from the stairs; the hand of age to

youth; helping me to mount。

  OLD SERVANT

    There! clasp it; my young mistress; thou art come at a lucky

moment; for Pelasgia's host is just upon the move; and their several

contingents are separating。

  ANTIGONE

    O Hecate; dread child of Latona! the plain is one blaze of bronze。

  OLD SERVANT

    Ah! this is no ordinary home…coming of Polyneices; with many a

knight and clash of countless arms he comes。

  ANTIGONE

    Are the gates fast barred; and the brazen bolts shot home into

Amphion's walls of stone?

  OLD SERVANT

    Never fear! all is safe within the town。 But mark him who cometh

first; if thou wouldst learn his name。

  ANTIGONE

    Who is that with the white crest; who marches in the van;

lightly bearing on his arm a buckler all of bronze?

  OLD SERVANT

    A chieftain; lady…

  ANTIGONE

    Who is he? whose son? his name? tell me; old man。

  OLD SERVANT

    Mycenae claims him for her son; in Lerna's glens he dwells; the

prince Hippomedon。

  ANTIGONE

    Ah! how proud and terrible his mien! like to an earth…born giant

he moves; with stars engraved upon his targe; resembling not a child

of earth。

  OLD SERVANT

    Dost see yon chieftain crossing Dirce's stream?

  ANTIGONE

    His harness is quite different。 Who is that?

  OLD SERVANT

    Tydeus; the son of Oeneus; true Aetolian spirit fires his breast。

  ANTIGONE

    Is this he; old man; who wedded a sister of the wife of

Polyneices? What a foreign look his armour has! a half…barbarian he!

  OLD SERVANT

    Yes; my child; all Aetolians carry shields; and are most

unerring marksmen with their darts。

 

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