±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«) >

µÚ42ÕÂ

the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«)-µÚ42ÕÂ


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡done¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡door¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Craven¡­street£»¡¡¡¡one¡¡

morning£»¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡woman¡¡sweeping¡¡my¡¡pavement¡¡with¡¡a¡¡birch¡¡broom£»¡¡she¡¡

appeared¡¡very¡¡pale¡¡and¡¡feeble£»¡¡as¡¡just¡¡come¡¡out¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fit¡¡of¡¡sickness¡£¡¡I¡¡ask'd¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡117¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡118¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



who¡¡employ'd¡¡her¡¡to¡¡sweep¡¡there£»¡¡she¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Nobody£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡am¡¡very¡¡poor¡¡

and¡¡in¡¡distress£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡sweeps¡¡before¡¡gentlefolkses¡¡doors£»¡¡and¡¡hopes¡¡they¡¡

will¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡bid¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡sweep¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡street¡¡¡¡¡¡clean£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡

would¡¡give¡¡her¡¡a¡¡shilling£»¡¡this¡¡was¡¡at¡¡nine¡¡o'clock£»¡¡at¡¡12¡¡she¡¡came¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

shilling¡£¡¡From¡¡the¡¡slowness¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡in¡¡her¡¡working£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡scarce¡¡

believe¡¡that¡¡the¡¡work¡¡was¡¡done¡¡so¡¡soon£»¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡my¡¡servant¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡it£»¡¡

who¡¡reported¡¡that¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡street¡¡was¡¡swept¡¡perfectly¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡the¡¡

dust¡¡plac'd¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gutter£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡next¡¡rain¡¡wash'd¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡away£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pavement¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡kennel¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡

clean¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡then¡¡judg'd¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡that¡¡feeble¡¡woman¡¡could¡¡sweep¡¡such¡¡a¡¡street¡¡in¡¡

three¡¡hours£»¡¡a¡¡strong£»¡¡active¡¡man¡¡might¡¡have¡¡done¡¡it¡¡in¡¡half¡¡the¡¡time¡£¡¡And¡¡

here¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡remark¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡convenience¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡gutter¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

narrow¡¡street£»¡¡running¡¡down¡¡its¡¡middle£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡two£»¡¡one¡¡on¡¡each¡¡side£»¡¡

near¡¡the¡¡footway£»¡¡for¡¡where¡¡all¡¡the¡¡rain¡¡that¡¡falls¡¡on¡¡a¡¡street¡¡runs¡¡from¡¡the¡¡

sides¡¡and¡¡meets¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle£»¡¡it¡¡forms¡¡there¡¡a¡¡current¡¡strong¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡

wash¡¡away¡¡all¡¡the¡¡mud¡¡it¡¡meets¡¡with£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡divided¡¡into¡¡two¡¡channels£»¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡weak¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡cleanse¡¡¡¡¡¡either£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mud¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡finds¡¡

more¡¡fluid£»¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wheels¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡carriages¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡¡of¡¡horses¡¡throw¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

dash¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡foot¡­pavement£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡thereby¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rendered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡foul¡¡¡¡and¡¡

slippery£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡splash¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡walking¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡My¡¡

proposal£»¡¡communicated¡¡to¡¡the¡¡good¡¡doctor£»¡¡was¡¡as¡¡follows£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨For¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effectual¡¡¡¡¡¡cleaning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡keeping¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clean¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡streets¡¡¡¡of¡¡

London¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Westminster£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡proposed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡watchmen¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

contracted¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dust¡¡¡¡¡¡swept¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡dry¡¡¡¡¡¡seasons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mud¡¡

rak'd¡¡up¡¡at¡¡other¡¡times£»¡¡each¡¡in¡¡the¡¡several¡¡streets¡¡and¡¡lanes¡¡of¡¡his¡¡round£»¡¡

that¡¡they¡¡be¡¡furnish'd¡¡with¡¡brooms¡¡and¡¡other¡¡proper¡¡instruments¡¡for¡¡these¡¡

purposes£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡their¡¡¡¡respective¡¡stands£»¡¡ready¡¡¡¡to¡¡furnish¡¡the¡¡¡¡poor¡¡

people¡¡they¡¡may¡¡employ¡¡in¡¡the¡¡service¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨That¡¡in¡¡the¡¡dry¡¡summer¡¡months¡¡the¡¡dust¡¡be¡¡all¡¡swept¡¡up¡¡into¡¡heaps¡¡at¡¡

proper¡¡¡¡¡¡distances£»¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡shops¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡windows¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡houses¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡

opened£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡scavengers£»¡¡with¡¡close¡­covered¡¡carts£»¡¡shall¡¡also¡¡carry¡¡it¡¡

all¡¡away¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨That¡¡the¡¡mud£»¡¡when¡¡rak'd¡¡up£»¡¡be¡¡not¡¡left¡¡in¡¡heaps¡¡to¡¡be¡¡spread¡¡abroad¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡118¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡119¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



again¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wheels¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡carriages¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡trampling¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡horses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

scavengers¡¡be¡¡provided¡¡with¡¡bodies¡¡of¡¡carts£»¡¡not¡¡plac'd¡¡high¡¡upon¡¡wheels£»¡¡

but¡¡low¡¡upon¡¡sliders£»¡¡with¡¡lattice¡¡bottoms£»¡¡which£»¡¡being¡¡cover'd¡¡with¡¡straw£»¡¡

will¡¡retain¡¡the¡¡mud¡¡thrown¡¡into¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡permit¡¡the¡¡water¡¡to¡¡drain¡¡from¡¡it£»¡¡

whereby¡¡it¡¡will¡¡become¡¡much¡¡lighter£»¡¡water¡¡making¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡part¡¡of¡¡its¡¡

weight£»¡¡these¡¡bodies¡¡of¡¡carts¡¡to¡¡be¡¡plac'd¡¡at¡¡convenient¡¡distances£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

mud¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡them¡¡in¡¡wheel¡­barrows£»¡¡they¡¡remaining¡¡where¡¡plac'd¡¡till¡¡

the¡¡mud¡¡is¡¡drain'd£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡horses¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡them¡¡away¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡since¡¡had¡¡doubts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡practicability¡¡of¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡part¡¡of¡¡this¡¡

proposal£»¡¡on¡¡account¡¡of¡¡the¡¡narrowness¡¡of¡¡some¡¡streets£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡difficulty¡¡

of¡¡placing¡¡the¡¡draining¡­sleds¡¡so¡¡as¡¡not¡¡to¡¡encumber¡¡too¡¡much¡¡the¡¡passage£»¡¡

but¡¡I¡¡am¡¡still¡¡of¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡the¡¡former£»¡¡requiring¡¡the¡¡dust¡¡to¡¡be¡¡swept¡¡up¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡carry'd¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡shops¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡open£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡practicable¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

summer£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡days¡¡are¡¡long£»¡¡for£»¡¡in¡¡walking¡¡thro'¡¡the¡¡Strand¡¡and¡¡Fleet¡­¡¡

street¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡morning¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡o'clock£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡observ'd¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡shop¡¡

open£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tho'¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡daylight¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sun¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡above¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡hours£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

inhabitants¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡London¡¡¡¡¡¡chusing¡¡¡¡¡¡voluntarily¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡candle¡­light£»¡¡

and¡¡sleep¡¡by¡¡sunshine£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡often¡¡complain£»¡¡a¡¡little¡¡absurdly£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡duty¡¡

on¡¡candles¡¡and¡¡the¡¡high¡¡price¡¡of¡¡tallow¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡may¡¡think¡¡these¡¡trifling¡¡matters¡¡not¡¡worth¡¡minding¡¡or¡¡relating£»¡¡

but¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡consider¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡tho'¡¡¡¡¡¡dust¡¡¡¡¡¡blown¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡single¡¡

person£»¡¡or¡¡into¡¡a¡¡single¡¡shop¡¡on¡¡a¡¡windy¡¡day£»¡¡is¡¡but¡¡of¡¡small¡¡importance£»¡¡

yet¡¡the¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡the¡¡instances¡¡in¡¡a¡¡populous¡¡city£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡frequent¡¡

repetitions¡¡give¡¡it¡¡weight¡¡and¡¡consequence£»¡¡perhaps¡¡they¡¡will¡¡not¡¡censure¡¡

very¡¡severely¡¡those¡¡who¡¡bestow¡¡some¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡this¡¡seemingly¡¡

low¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Human¡¡¡¡¡¡felicity¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡produc'd¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡pieces¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

good¡¡fortune¡¡that¡¡seldom¡¡happen£»¡¡as¡¡by¡¡little¡¡advantages¡¡that¡¡occur¡¡every¡¡

day¡£¡¡Thus£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡teach¡¡a¡¡poor¡¡young¡¡man¡¡to¡¡shave¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡keep¡¡his¡¡

razor¡¡in¡¡order£»¡¡you¡¡may¡¡contribute¡¡more¡¡to¡¡the¡¡happiness¡¡of¡¡his¡¡life¡¡than¡¡in¡¡

giving¡¡him¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡guineas¡£¡¡The¡¡money¡¡may¡¡be¡¡soon¡¡spent£»¡¡the¡¡regret¡¡

only¡¡remaining¡¡of¡¡having¡¡foolishly¡¡consumed¡¡it£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other¡¡case£»¡¡he¡¡

escapes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡frequent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vexation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡waiting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡barbers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dirty¡¡¡¡¡¡fingers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡offensive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡breaths£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡dull¡¡¡¡¡¡razors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡shaves¡¡

when¡¡most¡¡convenient¡¡to¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡enjoys¡¡daily¡¡the¡¡pleasure¡¡of¡¡its¡¡being¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡119¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡120¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡



done¡¡with¡¡a¡¡good¡¡instrument¡£¡¡With¡¡these¡¡sentiments¡¡I¡¡have¡¡hazarded¡¡the¡¡

few¡¡¡¡¡¡preceding¡¡¡¡¡¡pages£»¡¡¡¡¡¡hoping¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡afford¡¡¡¡¡¡hints¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

other¡¡may¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡I¡¡love£»¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡lived¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡

happily£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡to¡¡some¡¡of¡¡our¡¡towns¡¡in¡¡America¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Having¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡employed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡postmaster¡­general¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

America¡¡as¡¡his¡¡comptroller¡¡in¡¡regulating¡¡several¡¡offices£»¡¡and¡¡bringing¡¡the¡¡

officers¡¡to¡¡account£»¡¡I¡¡was£»¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡death¡¡in¡¡1753£»¡¡appointed£»¡¡jointly¡¡with¡¡

Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡William¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hunter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡succeed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡commission¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

postmaster¡­general¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡office¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡hitherto¡¡

paid¡¡any¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡that¡¡of¡¡Britain¡£¡¡We¡¡were¡¡to¡¡have¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡pounds¡¡a¡¡

year¡¡between¡¡us£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡could¡¡make¡¡that¡¡sum¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡profits¡¡of¡¡the¡¡office¡£¡¡

To¡¡do¡¡this£»¡¡a¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡improvements¡¡were¡¡necessary£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡these¡¡were¡¡

inevitably¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡expensive£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡four¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡office¡¡

became¡¡above¡¡nine¡¡hundred¡¡pounds¡¡in¡¡debt¡¡to¡¡us¡£¡¡But¡¡it¡¡soon¡¡after¡¡began¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡repay¡¡¡¡¡¡us£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡displac'd¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡freak¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ministers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡speak¡¡¡¡¡¡hereafter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡yield¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡times¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

much¡¡clear¡¡¡¡¡¡revenue¡¡to¡¡the¡¡crown¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡the¡¡postoffice¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Ireland¡£¡¡Since¡¡that¡¡

imprudent¡¡transaction£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡receiv'd¡¡from¡¡it¡¡not¡¡one¡¡farthing£¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡business¡¡of¡¡the¡¡postoffice¡¡occasion'd¡¡my¡¡taking¡¡a¡¡journey¡¡this¡¡year¡¡

to¡¡New¡¡England£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡College¡¡of¡¡Cambridge£»¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡motion£»¡¡

presented¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡degree¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Master¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Arts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Yale¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡College£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

Connecticut£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡¡¡¡¡compliment¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡

studying¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡college£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡partake¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡honours¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

conferr'd¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡consideration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡improvements¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡discoveries¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

electric¡¡branch¡¡of¡¡natur

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ