the autobiography of ben franklin(±¾¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ×Ô´«)-µÚ31ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
were¡¡possible¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Middle¡¡Ages£»¡¡would¡¡probably¡¡have¡¡been¡¡the¡¡founder¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡monastic¡¡order¡£B¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡My¡¡ideas¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡were£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡sect¡¡should¡¡be¡¡begun¡¡and¡¡spread¡¡at¡¡
first¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡and¡¡¡¡single¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡only£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡person¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡initiated¡¡
should¡¡not¡¡only¡¡declare¡¡his¡¡assent¡¡to¡¡such¡¡creed£»¡¡but¡¡should¡¡have¡¡exercised¡¡
himself¡¡with¡¡the¡¡thirteen¡¡weeks'¡¡examination¡¡and¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡virtues£©¡¡as¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡before¡mention'd¡¡model£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡such¡¡a¡¡society¡¡should¡¡
he¡¡kept¡¡a¡¡secret£»¡¡till¡¡it¡¡was¡¡become¡¡considerable£»¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡solicitations¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡admission¡¡of¡¡improper¡¡persons£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡the¡¡members¡¡should¡¡each¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡search¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡acquaintance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡ingenuous£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡disposed¡¡
youths£»¡¡to¡¡whom£»¡¡with¡¡prudent¡¡caution£»¡¡the¡¡scheme¡¡should¡¡be¡¡grad¡¡ually¡¡
communicated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡members¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡engage¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡afford¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡advice£»¡¡
assistance£»¡¡and¡¡support¡¡to¡¡each¡¡other¡¡in¡¡promoting¡¡one¡¡another's¡¡interests£»¡¡
business£»¡¡and¡¡advancement¡¡in¡¡life£»¡¡that£»¡¡for¡¡distinction£»¡¡we¡¡should¡¡be¡¡call'd¡¡
The¡¡Society¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Free¡¡and¡¡Easy£º¡¡free£»¡¡as¡¡being£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡general¡¡practice¡¡
and¡¡habit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡virtues£»¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡dominion¡¡of¡¡vice£»¡¡and¡¡particularly¡¡
by¡¡the¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡industry¡¡and¡¡frugality£»¡¡free¡¡from¡¡debt£»¡¡which¡¡exposes¡¡a¡¡
man¡¡to¡¡confinement£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡species¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡to¡¡his¡¡creditors¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡recollect¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡project£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡
communicated¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡adopted¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡87¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡88¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
enthusiasm£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡narrow¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡necessity¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
under¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡sticking¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡business£»¡¡¡¡¡¡occasion'd¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡postponing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
further¡¡¡¡¡¡prosecution¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡multifarious¡¡¡¡¡¡occupations£»¡¡
public¡¡and¡¡private£»¡¡induc'd¡¡me¡¡to¡¡continue¡¡postponing£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡
omitted¡¡till¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡strength¡¡or¡¡activity¡¡left¡¡sufficient¡¡for¡¡such¡¡an¡¡
enterprise£»¡¡tho'¡¡I¡¡am¡¡still¡¡of¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡practicable¡¡scheme£»¡¡and¡¡
might¡¡have¡¡been¡¡very¡¡useful£»¡¡by¡¡forming¡¡a¡¡great¡¡number¡¡of¡¡good¡¡citizens£»¡¡
and¡¡I¡¡was¡¡not¡¡discourag'd¡¡by¡¡the¡¡seeming¡¡magnitude¡¡of¡¡the¡¡undertaking£»¡¡as¡¡
I¡¡have¡¡always¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡one¡¡man¡¡of¡¡tolerable¡¡abilities¡¡may¡¡work¡¡great¡¡
changes£»¡¡and¡¡accomplish¡¡great¡¡affairs¡¡among¡¡mankind£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡first¡¡forms¡¡a¡¡
good¡¡¡¡¡¡plan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡cutting¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡amusements¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡employments¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
would¡¡divert¡¡his¡¡attention£»¡¡makes¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡that¡¡same¡¡plan¡¡his¡¡sole¡¡
study¡¡and¡¡business¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡1732¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡publish'd¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡Almanack£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Richard¡¡
Saunders£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡continu'd¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡twenty¡five¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡¡¡commonly¡¡
call'd¡¡Poor¡¡Richard's¡¡Almanac¡£¡¡I¡¡endeavor'd¡¡to¡¡make¡¡it¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡entertaining¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡useful£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡accordingly¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡demand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡reap'd¡¡
considerable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profit¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡vending¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡annually¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡ten¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡
observing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡read£»¡¡¡¡¡¡scarce¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡neighborhood¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
province¡¡being¡¡without¡¡it£»¡¡I¡¡consider'd¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡proper¡¡vehicle¡¡for¡¡conveying¡¡
instruction¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡¡¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡scarcely¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡
books£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡filled¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡spaces¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡occurr'd¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
remarkable¡¡days¡¡in¡¡the¡¡calendar¡¡with¡¡proverbial¡¡sentences£»¡¡chiefly¡¡such¡¡as¡¡
inculcated¡¡¡¡¡¡industry¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡frugality£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡procuring¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
thereby¡¡securing¡¡virtue£»¡¡it¡¡being¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡for¡¡a¡¡man¡¡in¡¡want£»¡¡to¡¡act¡¡
always¡¡¡¡¡¡honestly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡here¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡proverbs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
empty¡¡sack¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡up¡right¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proverbs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡contained¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wisdom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ages¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
nations£»¡¡I¡¡assembled¡¡and¡¡form'd¡¡into¡¡a¡¡connected¡¡discourse¡¡prefix'd¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
Almanack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1757£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡harangue¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡
attending¡¡an¡¡auction¡£¡¡The¡¡bringing¡¡all¡¡these¡¡scatter'd¡¡counsels¡¡thus¡¡into¡¡a¡¡
focus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enabled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡impression¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡piece£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡
universally¡¡approved£»¡¡was¡¡copied¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡newspapers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Continent£»¡¡
reprinted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡side£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡stuck¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡houses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡88¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡89¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
translations¡¡were¡¡made¡¡of¡¡it¡¡in¡¡French£»¡¡and¡¡great¡¡numbers¡¡bought¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
clergy¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gentry£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡distribute¡¡gratis¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡parishioners¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
tenants¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡Pennsylvania£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡discouraged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡useless¡¡¡¡¡¡expense¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡
superfluities£»¡¡some¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡had¡¡its¡¡share¡¡of¡¡influence¡¡in¡¡producing¡¡that¡¡
growing¡¡plenty¡¡of¡¡money¡¡which¡¡was¡¡observable¡¡for¡¡several¡¡years¡¡after¡¡its¡¡
publication¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡considered¡¡my¡¡newspaper£»¡¡also£»¡¡as¡¡another¡¡means¡¡of¡¡communicating¡¡
instruction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡frequently¡¡¡¡¡¡reprinted¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡extracts¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Spectator£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡moral¡¡writers£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡publish'd¡¡little¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡
my¡¡own£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡first¡¡compos'd¡¡for¡¡reading¡¡in¡¡our¡¡Junto¡£¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡
are¡¡a¡¡Socratic¡¡dialogue£»¡¡tending¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡that£»¡¡whatever¡¡might¡¡be¡¡his¡¡parts¡¡
and¡¡abilities£»¡¡a¡¡vicious¡¡man¡¡could¡¡not¡¡properly¡¡be¡¡called¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡sense£»¡¡
and¡¡a¡¡discourse¡¡on¡¡self¡denial£»¡¡showing¡¡that¡¡virtue¡¡was¡¡not¡¡secure¡¡till¡¡its¡¡
practice¡¡became¡¡a¡¡habitude£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡opposition¡¡of¡¡contrary¡¡
inclinations¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡papers¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡
1735¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡my¡¡newspaper£»¡¡I¡¡carefully¡¡excluded¡¡all¡¡libelling¡¡and¡¡
personal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡abuse£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡disgraceful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡our¡¡
country¡£¡¡Whenever¡¡I¡¡was¡¡solicited¡¡to¡¡insert¡¡anything¡¡of¡¡that¡¡kind£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
writers¡¡pleaded£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡generally¡¡did£»¡¡the¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡press£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡a¡¡
newspaper¡¡was¡¡like¡¡a¡¡stagecoach£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡any¡¡one¡¡who¡¡would¡¡pay¡¡had¡¡a¡¡
right¡¡to¡¡a¡¡place£»¡¡my¡¡answer¡¡was£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡would¡¡print¡¡the¡¡piece¡¡separately¡¡if¡¡
desired£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡author¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡copies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡pleased¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
distribute¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡spread¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
detraction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡contracted¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡subscribers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡furnish¡¡
them¡¡with¡¡what¡¡might¡¡be¡¡either¡¡useful¡¡or¡¡entertaining£»¡¡I¡¡could¡¡not¡¡fill¡¡their¡¡
papers¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡altercation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡concern£»¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡
doing¡¡them¡¡manifest¡¡injustice¡£¡¡Now£»¡¡many¡¡of¡¡our¡¡printers¡¡make¡¡no¡¡scruple¡¡
of¡¡gratifying¡¡the¡¡malice¡¡of¡¡individuals¡¡by¡¡false¡¡accusations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fairest¡¡
characters¡¡among¡¡ourselves£»¡¡augmenting¡¡animosity¡¡even¡¡to¡¡the¡¡producing¡¡
of¡¡duels£»¡¡and¡¡are£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡so¡¡indiscreet¡¡as¡¡to¡¡print¡¡scurrilous¡¡reflections¡¡
on¡¡the¡¡government¡¡of¡¡neighboring¡¡states£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡on¡¡the¡¡conduct¡¡of¡¡our¡¡
best¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡national¡¡¡¡¡¡allies£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡attended¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pernicious¡¡
consequences¡£¡¡These¡¡things¡¡I¡¡mention¡¡as¡¡a¡¡caution¡¡to¡¡young¡¡printers£»¡¡and¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡89¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡90¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡AUTOBIOGRAPHY¡¡OF¡¡BENJAMIN¡¡FRANKLIN¡¡
that¡¡they¡¡may¡¡be¡¡encouraged¡¡not¡¡to¡¡pollute¡¡their¡¡presses¡¡and¡¡disgrace¡¡their¡¡
profession¡¡by¡¡such¡¡infamous¡¡practices£»¡¡but¡¡refuse¡¡steadily£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡may¡¡see¡¡
by¡¡my¡¡example¡¡that¡¡such¡¡a¡¡course¡¡of¡¡conduct¡¡will¡¡not£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡be¡¡
injurious¡¡to¡¡their¡¡interests¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡1733¡¡I¡¡sent¡¡one¡¡of¡¡my¡¡journeymen¡¡to¡¡Charleston£»¡¡South¡¡Carolina£»¡¡
where¡¡a¡¡printer¡¡was¡¡wanting¡£¡¡I¡¡furnish'd¡¡him¡¡with¡¡a¡¡press¡¡and¡¡letters£»¡¡on¡¡an¡¡
agreement¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡partnership£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡third¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
profits¡¡of¡¡the¡¡business£»¡¡paying¡¡one¡third¡¡of¡¡the¡¡expense¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡
learning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡honest¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡ignorant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡