the autobiography of ben franklin(本富兰克林自传)-第20章
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have since earned； and the gratitude I felt toward House has made me
often more ready than perhaps I should otherwise have been to assist
young beginners。
There are croakers in every country； always boding its ruin。 Such a one
then lived in Philadelphia； a person of note； an elderly man； with a wise
look and a very grave manner of speaking； his name was Samuel Mickle。
This gentleman； a stranger to me； stopt one day at my door； and asked me
if I was the young man who had lately opened a new printing…house。
Being answered in the affirmative； he said he was sorry for me； because it
was an expensive undertaking； and the expense would be lost； for
Philadelphia was a sinking place； the people already half…bankrupts； or
near being so； all appearances to the contrary； such as new buildings and
the rise of rents； being to his certain knowledge fallacious； for they were；
in fact； among the things that would soon ruin us。 And he gave me such a
detail of misfortunes now existing； or that were soon to exist； that he left
me half melancholy。 Had I known him before I engaged in this business；
probably I never should have done it。 This man continued to live in this
decaying place； and to declaim in the same strain； refusing for many years
to buy a house there； because all was going to destruction； and at last I had
the pleasure of seeing him give five times as much for one as he might
have bought it for when he first began his croaking。
I should have mentioned before； that； in the autumn of the preceding
year； I had form'd most of my ingenious acquaintance into a club of
mutual improvement； which we called the JUNTO； we met on Friday
evenings。 The rules that I drew up required that every member； in his turn；
should produce one or more queries on any point of Morals； Politics； or
Natural Philosophy； to be discuss'd by the company； and once in three
months produce and read an essay of his own writing； on any subject he
pleased。 Our debates were to be under the direction of a president； and to
be conducted in the sincere spirit of inquiry after truth； without fondness
for dispute； or desire of victory； and； to prevent warmth； all expressions of
positiveness in opinions； or direct contradiction； were after some time
made contraband； and prohibited under small pecuniary penalties。
The first members were Joseph Breintnal； a copyer of deeds for the
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scriveners； a good…natur'd； friendly； middle…ag'd man； a great lover of
poetry； reading all he could meet with； and writing some that was tolerable；
very ingenious in many little Nicknackeries； and of sensible conversation。
Thomas Godfrey； a self…taught mathematician； great in his way； and
afterward inventor of what is now called Hadley's Quadrant。 But he knew
little out of his way； and was not a pleasing companion； as； like most great
mathematicians I have met with； he expected universal precision in
everything said； or was for ever denying or distinguishing upon trifles； to
the disturbance of all conversation。 He soon left us。
Nicholas Scull； a surveyor； afterwards surveyor…general； who lov'd
books； and sometimes made a few verses。
William Parsons； bred a shoemaker； but loving reading； had acquir'd a
considerable share of mathematics； which he first studied with a view to
astrology； that he afterwards laught at it。 He also became surveyor…general。
William Maugridge； a joiner； a most exquisite mechanic； and a solid；
sensible man。
Hugh Meredith； Stephen Potts； and George Webb I have characteriz'd
before。
Robert Grace； a young gentleman of some fortune； generous； lively；
and witty； a lover of punning and of his friends。
And William Coleman； then a merchant's clerk； about my age； who
had the coolest； dearest head； the best heart； and the exactest morals of
almost any man I ever met with。 He became afterwards a merchant of
great note； and one of our provincial judges。 Our friendship continued
without interruption to his death； upward of forty years； and the club
continued almost as long； and was the best school of philosophy； morality；
and politics that then existed in the province； for our queries； which were
read the week preceding their discussion； put us upon reading with
attention upon the several subjects； that we might speak more to the
purpose； and here； too； we acquired better habits of conversation； every
thing being studied in our rules which might prevent our disgusting each
other。 From hence the long continuance of the club； which I shall have
frequent occasion to speak further of hereafter。
But my giving this account of it here is to show something of the
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THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
interest I had； every one of these exerting themselves in recommending
business to us。 Breintnal particularly procur'd us from the Quakers the
printing forty sheets of their history； the rest being to be done by Keimer；
and upon this we work'd exceedingly hard； for the price was low。 It was a
folio； pro patria size； in pica； with long primer notes。 I compos'd of it a
sheet a day； and Meredith worked it off at press； it was often eleven at
night； and sometimes later； before I had finished my distribution for the
next day's work； for the little jobbs sent in by our other friends now and
then put us back。 But so determin'd I was to continue doing a sheet a day
of the folio； that one night； when； having impos'd my forms； I thought my
day's work over； one of them by accident was broken； and two pages
reduced to pi； I immediately distributed and compos'd it over again before
I went to bed； and this industry； visible to our neighbors； began to give us
character and credit； particularly； I was told； that mention being made of
the new printing…office at the merchants' Every…night club； the general
opinion was that it must fail； there being already two printers in the place；
Keimer and Bradford； but Dr。 Baird （whom you and I saw many years
after at his native place； St。 Andrew's in Scotland） gave a contrary opinion：
〃For the industry of that Franklin；〃 says he； 〃is superior to any thing I ever
saw of the kind； I see him still at work when I go home from club； and he
is at work again before his neighbors are out of bed。〃 This struck the rest；
and we soon after had offers from one of them to supply us with stationery；
but as yet we did not chuse to engage in shop business。
I mention this industry the more particularly and the more freely； tho' it
seems to be talking in my own praise； that those of my posterity； who shall
read it； may know the use of that virtue； when they see its effects in my
favour throughout this relation。
George Webb； who had found a female friend that lent him wherewith
to purchase his time of Keimer； now came to offer himself as a
journeyman to us。 We could not then employ him； but I foolishly let him
know as a secret that I soon intended to begin a ne
