north america-2-第87章
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ny more copies of Dickens's novels have been sold； during the last three years； than of the works either of Tennyson or Buckle； but such also has been the case in England。 It will probably be admitted that one copy of the 〃Civilization〃 should be held as being equal to five and twenty of 〃Nicholas Nickleby；〃 and that a single 〃In Memoriam〃 may fairly weigh down half a dozen 〃Pickwicks。〃 Men and women after their day's work are not always up to the 〃Civilization。〃 As a rule； they are generally up to 〃Proverbial Philosophy；〃 and this； perhaps； may have had something to do with the great popularity of that very popular work。 I would not have it supposed that American readers despise their own authors。 The Americans are very proud of having a literature of their own； and among the literary names which they honor； there are none more honorable than those of Cooper and Irving。 They like to know that their modern historians are acknowledged as great authors； and as regards their own poets； will sometimes demand your admiration for strains with which you hardly find yourself to be familiar。 But English books are； I think； the better loved： even the English books of the present day。 And even beyond thiswith those who choose to indulge in the luxuries of literaturebooks printed in England are more popular than those which are printed in their own country； and yet the manner in which the American publishers put out their work is very good。 The book sold there at a dollar； or a dollar and a quarter； quite equals our ordinary five shilling volume。 Nevertheless； English books are preferred； almost as strongly as are French bonnets。 Of books absolutely printed and produced in England； the supply in the States is of course small。 They must necessarily be costly； and as regards new books； are always subjected to the rivalry of a cheaper American copy。 But of the reprinted works of English authors the supply is unlimited； and the sale very great。 Almost everything is reprinted： certainly everything which can be said to attain any home popularity。 I do not know how far English authors may be aware of the fact； but it is undoubtedly a fact that their influence as authors is greater on the other side of the Atlantic than on this one。 It is there that they have their most numerous school of pupils。 It is there that they are recognized as teachers by hundreds of thousands。 It is of these thirty millions that they should think； at any rate in part； when they discuss within their own hearts that question which all authors do discuss； whether that which they write shall in itself be good or bad； be true or false。 A writer in England may not； perhaps； think very much of this with reference to some trifle of which his English publisher proposes to sell some seven or eight hundred copies。 But he begins to feel that he should have thought of it when he learns that twenty or thirty thousand copies of the same have been scattered through the length and breadth of the United States。 The English author should feel that he writes for the widest circle of readers ever yet obtained by the literature of any country。 He provides not only for his own country and for the States； but for the readers who are rising by millions in the British colonies。 Canada is supplied chiefly from the presses of Boston； New York； and Philadelphia； but she is supplied with the works of the mother country。 India； as I take it； gets all her books direct from London； as do the West Indies。 Whether or no the Australian colonies have as yet learned to reprint our books I have never learned； but I presume that they cannot do so as cheaply as they can import them。 London with us； and the three cities which I have named on the other side of the Atlantic； are the places at which this literature is manufactured； but the demand in the Western hemisphere is becoming more brisk than that which the Old World creates。 There are； I have no doubt； more books printed in London than in all America put together。 A greater extent of letter…press is put up in London than in the three publishing cities of the States； but the number of copies issued by the American publishers is so much greater than those which ours put forth that the greater bulk of literature is with them。 If this be so； the demand with them is of course greater than it is with us。 I have spoken here of the privilege which an English author enjoys by reason of the ever…widening circle of readers to whom he writes。 I should have said the writers of English literature； seeing that the privilege is of course shared by the American writer。 I profess my belief that in the States an English author has an advantage over one of that country merely in the fact of his being English； as a French milliner has undoubtedly an advantage in her nationality； let her merits or demerits as a milliner be what they may。 I think that English books are better liked because they are English。 But I do not know that there is any feeling with us either for or against an author because he is American。 I believe that Longfellow stands in our judgment exactly where he would have stood had he been a tutor at a college in Oxford instead of a Professor at Cambridge in Massachusetts。 Prescott is read among us as a historian without any reference as to his nationality； and by many； as I take it； in absolute ignorance of his nationality。 Hawthorne； the novelist； is quite as well known in England as he is in his own country。 But I do not know that to either of these three is awarded any favor or is denied any justice because he is an American。 Washington Irving published many of his works in this country； receiving very large sums for them from Mr。 Murray； and I fancy that in dealing with his publisher he found neither advantage nor disadvantage in his nationality； that is； of course； advantage or disadvantage as respected the light in which his works would be regarded。 It must be admitted that there is no jealousy in the States against English authors。 I think that there is a feeling in their favor； but no one can at any rate allege that there is a feeling against them： I think I may also assert on the part of my own country that there is no jealousy here against American authors。 As regards the tastes of the people； the works of each country flow freely through the other。 That is as it should be。 But when we come to the mode of supply； things are not exactly as they should be； and I do not believe that any one will contradict me when I say that the fault is with the Americans。 I presume that all my readers know the meaning of the word copyright。 A man's copyright is right in his copy； is that amount of legal possession in the production of his brains which has been secured to him by the law of his own country and of others。 Unless an author were secured by such law； his writings would be of but little pecuniary value to him； as the right of printing and selling them would be open to all the world。 In England and in America； and as I conceive in all countries possessing a literature； there is such a law； securing to authors and to their heirs； for a term of years； the exclusive right over their own productions。 That this should be so in England； as regards English authors； appears to be so much a matter of course that the copyright of an author seems to be as naturally his own as a gentleman's deposit at his bank； or his little investment in the three per cents。 The right of an author to the value of his own productions in other countries than his own is not so much a matter of course； but nevertheless； if such productions have any value in other countries； that value should belong to him。 This has been felt to be the case between England and France； and an international copyright now exists。 The fact that the languages of England and France are different； makes the matter one of comparatively small moment。 But it has been found to be for the honor and profit of the two countries that there should be such a law； and an international copyright does exist。 But if such an arrangement be needed between two such countries as France and Englandbetween two countries which do not speak the same language； or share the same literaturehow much mor
