north america-2-第39章
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omps and circumstances of glorious war； positively converted into troops； armed with real rifles and doing actual military service； I believed the same of thembut cannot say that I then liked them so well。 Good motives had brought them there。 They were the same men； or men of the same class； that I had seen before。 They were doing just that which I knew they would have to do。 But still I found that the more I saw of them； the more I lost of that respect for them which I had once felt。 I think it was their dirt that chiefly operated upon me。 Then； too； they had hitherto done nothing； and they seemed to be so terribly intent upon their rations！ The great boast of this army was that they eat meat twice a day； and that their daily supply of bread was more than they could consume。 When I had been two or three weeks in Washington； I went over to the army of the Potomac and spent a few days with some of the officers。 I had on previous occasions ridden about the camps； and had seen a review at which General McClellan trotted up and down the lines with all his numerous staff at his heels。 I have always believed reviews to be absurdly useless as regards the purpose for which they are avowedly got upthat； namely； of military inspection。 And I believed this especially of this review。 I do not believe that any commander…in…chief ever learns much as to the excellence or deficiencies of his troops by watching their manoeuvres on a vast open space； but I felt sure that General McClellan had learned nothing on this occasion。 If before his review he did not know whether his men were good as soldiers； he did not possess any such knowledge after the review。 If the matter may be regarded as a review of the generalif the object was to show him off to the men； that they might know how well he rode； and how grand he looked with his staff of forty or fifty officers at his heels； then this review must be considered as satisfactory。 General McClellan does ride very well。 So much I learned； and no more。 It was necessary to have a pass for crossing the Potomac either from one side or from the other； and such a pass I procured from a friend in the War…office； good for the whole period of my sojourn in Washington。 The wording of the pass was more than ordinarily long； as it recommended me to the special courtesy of all whom I might encounter； but in this respect it was injurious to me rather than otherwise； as every picket by whom I was stopped found it necessary to read it to the end。 The paper was almost invariably returned to me without a word； but the musket which was not unfrequently kept extended across my horse's nose by the reader's comrade would be withdrawn； and then I would ride on to the next barrier。 It seemed to me that these passes were so numerous and were signed by so many officers that there could have been no risk in forging them。 The army of the Potomac； into which they admitted the bearer； lay in quarters which were extended over a length of twenty miles up and down on the Virginian side of the river； and the river could be traversed at five different places。 Crowds of men and women were going over daily； and no doubt all the visitors who so went with innocent purposes were provided with proper passports； but any whose purposes were not innocent； and who were not so provided； could have passed the pickets with counterfeited orders。 This； I have little doubt； was done daily。 Washington was full of secessionists； and every movement of the Federal army was communicated to the Confederates at Richmond； at which city was now established the Congress and headquarters of the Confederacy。 But no such tidings of the Confederate army reached those in command at Washington。 There were many circumstances in the contest which led to this result； and I do not think that General McClellan had any power to prevent it。 His system of passes certainly did not do so。 I never could learn from any one what was the true number of this army on the Potomac。 I have been informed by those who professed to know that it contained over 200；000 men； and by others who also professed to know； that it did not contain 100；000。 To me the soldiers seemed to be innumerable； hanging like locusts over the whole countrya swarm desolating everything around them。 Those pomps and circumstances are not glorious in my eyes。 They affect me with a melancholy which I cannot avoid。 Soldiers gathered together in a camp are uncouth and ugly when they are idle； and when they are at work their work is worse than idleness。 When I have seen a thousand men together； moving their feet hither at one sound and thither at another； throwing their muskets about awkwardly； prodding at the air with their bayonets； trotting twenty paces here and backing ten paces there； wheeling round in uneven lines； and looking； as they did so； miserably conscious of the absurdity of their own performances； I have always been inclined to think how little the world can have advanced in civilization； while grown…up men are still forced to spend their days in such grotesque performances。 Those to whom the 〃pomps and circumstances〃 are dear nay； those by whom they are considered simply necessarywill be able to confute me by a thousand arguments。 I readily own myself confuted。 There must be soldiers； and soldiers must be taught。 But not the less pitiful is it to see men of thirty undergoing the goose…step； and tortured by orders as to the proper mode of handling a long instrument which is half gun and half spear。 In the days of Hector and Ajax； the thing was done in a more picturesque manner； and the songs of battle should； I think； be confined to those ages。 The ground occupied by the divisions on the farther or southwestern side of the Potomac was； as I have said； about twenty miles in length and perhaps seven in breadth。 Through the whole of this district the soldiers were everywhere。 The tents of the various brigades were clustered together in streets； the regiments being divided； and the divisions combining the brigades lay apart at some distance from each other。 But everywhere； at all points； there were some signs of military life。 The roads were continually thronged with wagons； and tracks were opened for horses wherever a shorter way might thus be made available。 On every side the trees were falling or had fallen。 In some places whole woods had been felled with the express purpose of rendering the ground impracticable for troops； and firs and pines lay one over the other； still covered with their dark； rough foliage； as though a mighty forest had grown there along the ground； without any power to raise itself toward the heavens。 In other places the trees had been chopped off from their trunks about a yard from the ground； so that the soldier who cut it should have no trouble in stooping； and the tops had been dragged away for firewood or for the erection of screens against the wind。 Here and there； in solitary places； there were outlying tents； looking as though each belonged to some military recluse； and in the neighborhood of every division was to be found a photographing establishment upon wheels； in order that the men might send home to their sweethearts pictures of themselves in their martial costumes。 I wandered about through these camps both on foot and on horseback day after day； and every now and then I would come upon a farm…house that was still occupied by its old inhabitants。 Many of such houses had been deserted； and were now held by the senior officers of the army； but some of the old families remained； living in the midst of this scene of war in a condition most forlorn。 As for any tillage of their land； that； under such circumstances； might be pronounced as hopeless。 Nor could there exist encouragement for farm…work of any kind。 Fences had been taken down and burned； the ground had been overrun in every direction。 The stock had of course disappeared； it had not been stolen； but had been sold in a hurry for what under such circumstances it might fetch。 What farmer could work or have any hope for his land in the middle of such a crowd of soldiers？ But yet there were the families。 The women were in their houses； and the children playing at their doors； and the
