north america-2-第12章
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on。 The minister sits safe in his officesafe there for the term of the existing Presidency if he can keep well with the president； and therefore； even under ordinary circumstances； does not care much for the printed or written messages of Congress。 But under circumstances so little ordinary as those of 186l…62； while Washington was surrounded by hundreds of thousands of soldiers； Congress was absolutely impotent。 Mr。 Seward could snap his fingers at Congress； and he did so。 He could not snap his fingers at the army； but then he could go with the army； could keep the army on his side by remaining on the same side with the army； and this as it seemed he resolved to do。 It must be understood that Mr。 Seward was not Prime Minister。 The President of the United States has no Prime Ministeror hitherto has had none。 The Minister for Foreign Affairs has usually stood highest in the cabinet； and Mr。 Seward； as holding that position； was not inclined to lessen its authority。 He was gradually assuming for that position the prerogatives of a Premier； and men were beginning to talk of Mr。 Seward's ministry。 It may easily be understood that at such a time the powers of Congress would be undefined； and that ambitious members of Congress would rise and assert on the floor； with that peculiar voice of indignation so common in parliamentary debate； 〃that they had got to learn；〃 etc。 etc。 etc。 It seemed to me that the lesson which they had yet to learn was then in the process of being taught to them。 They were anxious to be told all about the mischance at Ball's Bluff； but nobody would tell them anything about it。 They wanted to know something of that blockade on the Potomac； but such knowledge was not good for them。 〃Pack them up in boxes； and send them home；〃 one military gentleman said to me。 And I began to think that something of the kind would be done； if they made themselves troublesome。 I quote here the manner in which their questions； respecting the affair at Ball's Bluff； were answered by the Secretary of war。 〃The Speaker laid before the House a letter from the Secretary of War； in which he says that he has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the resolution adopted on the 6th instant； to the effect that the answer of the Department to the resolution； passed on the second day of the session； is not responsive and satisfactory to the House； and requesting a farther answer。 The Secretary has now to state that measures have been taken to ascertain who is responsible for the disastrous movement at Ball's Bluff； but that it is not compatible with the public interest to make known those measures at the present time。〃 In truth the days are evil for any Congress of debaters； when a great army is in camp on every side of them。 The people had called for the army； and there it was。 It was of younger birth than Congress； and had thrown its elder brother considerably out of favor as has been done before by many a new…born baby。 If Congress could amuse itself with a few set speeches； and a field day or two； such as those afforded by Mr。 Sumner； it might all be very wellprovided that such speeches did not attack the army。 Over and beyond this； let them vote the supplies and have done with it。 Was it probable that General McClellan should have time to answer questions about Ball's Bluffand he with such a job of work on his hands？ Congress could of course vote what committees of military inquiry it might please； and might ask questions without end； but we all know to what such questions lead； when the questioner has no power to force an answer by a penalty。 If it might be possible to maintain the semblance of respect for Congress； without too much embarrassment to military secretaries； such semblance should be maintained； but if Congress chose to make itself really disagreeable； then no semblance could be kept up any longer。 That； as far as I could judge； was the position of Congress in the early months of 1862； and that； under existing circumstances； was perhaps the only possible position that it could fill。 All this to me was very melancholy。 The streets of Washington were always full of soldiers。 Mounted sentries stood at the corners of all the streets with drawn sabersshivering in the cold and besmeared with mud。 A military law came out that civilians might not ride quickly through the street。 Military riders galloped over one at every turn； splashing about through the mud； and reminding one not unfrequently of John Gilpin。 Why they always went so fast； destroying their horses' feet on the rough stones； I could never learn。 But I； as a civilian； given as Englishmen are to trotting； and furnished for the time with a nimble trotter； found myself harried from time to time by muddy men with sabers； who would dash after me； rattling their trappings； and bid me go at a slower pace。 There is a building in Washington； built by private munificence and devoted； according to an inscription which it bears； 〃To the Arts。〃 It has been turned into an army clothing establishment。 The streets of Washington； night and day； were thronged with army wagons。 All through the city military huts and military tents were to be seen； pitched out among the mud and in the desert places。 Then there was the chosen locality of the teamsters and their mules and horsesa wonderful world in itself； and all within the city！ Here horses and mules livedor diedsub dio； with no slightest apology for a stable over them； eating their provender from off the wagons to which they were fastened。 Here； there； and everywhere large houses were occupied as the headquarters of some officer； or the bureau of some military official。 At Washington and round Washington the army was everything。 While this was so； is it to be conceived that Congress should ask questions about military matters with success？ All this； as I say； filled me with sorrow。 I hate military belongings； and am disgusted at seeing the great affairs of a nation put out of their regular course。 Congress to me is respectable。 Parliamentary debatesbe they ever so prosy； as with us； or even so rowdy； as sometimes they have been with our cousins across the waterengage my sympathies。 I bow inwardly before a Speaker's chair； and look upon the elected representatives of any nation as the choice men of the age。 Those muddy； clattering dragoons； sitting at the corners of the streets with dirty woolen comforters around their ears； were to me hideous in the extreme。 But there at Washington； at the period of which I am writing； I was forced to acknowledge that Congress was at a discount； and that the rough…shod generals were the men of the day。 〃Pack them up and send them in boxes to their several States。〃 It would come to that； I thought； or to something like that； unless Congress would consent to be submissive。 〃I have yet to learn！〃 said indignant members； stamping with their feet on the floor of the House。 One would have said that by that time the lesson might almost have been understood。 Up to the period of this civil war Congress has certainly worked well for the United States。 It might be easy to pick holes in it； to show that some members have been corrupt； others quarrelsome； and others again impracticable。 But when we look at the circumstances under which it has been from year to year elected； when we remember the position of the newly populated States from which the members have been sent； and the absence throughout the country of that old traditionary class of Parliament men on whom we depend in England； when we think how recent has been the elevation in life of the majority of those who are and must be elected； it is impossible to deny them praise for intellect； patriotism； good sense； and diligence。 They began but sixty years ago； and for sixty years Congress has fully answered the purpose for which it was established。 With no antecedents of grandeur； the nation； with its Congress； has made itself one of the five great nations of the world。 And what living English politician will say even now； with all its troubles thick upon it； that it is the smallest of the five？ When I think of this； and remember the position in Europe which an American has been able to claim for himself； I cannot but ac
