end notes-第2章

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of　the　church。　　But　if；　on　the　other　hand；　the　titulars　were　men

of　inferior　importance；　who　had　been　inducted　into　the　office

by　the　interest　of　some　powerful　person；　it　was　generally　understood

that　the　new　Abbot　should　grant　for　his　patron's　benefit

such　leases　and　conveyances　of　the　church　lands　and　tithes　as

might　afford　their　protector　the　lion's　share　of　the　booty。　　This

was　the　origin　of　those　who　were　wittily　termed　Tulchan*



*　　　A　_Tulchan_　is　a　calfs　skin　stuffed；　and　placed　before　a　cow　who　has

*　　　lost　its　calf；　to　induce　the　animal　to　part　with　her　milk。　The　resemblance

*　　　between　such　a　Tulchan　and　a　Bishop　named　to　transmit　the　temporalities

*　　　of　a　benefice　to　some　powerful　patron；　is　easily　understood。



Bishops；　being　a　sort　of　imaginary　prelate；　whose　image　was　set

up　to　enable　his　patron　　and　　principal　　to　　plunder　　the　　benefice

under　his　name。



There　were　other　cases；　however；　in　which　men　who　had　got

grants　of　these　secularised　benefices；　were　desirous　of　retaining

them　for　their　own　use；　without　having　the　influence　sufficient

to　establish　their　purpose　；　and　these　became　frequently　unable

to　protect　themselves；　however　unwilling　to　submit　to　the　exactions

of　the　feudal　tyrant　of　the　district。



Bannatyne；　secretary　to　John　Knox；　recounts　a　singular

course　of　oppression　practised　on　one　of　those　titulars　abbots；　by

the　Earl　of　Cassilis　in　Ayrshire；　whose　extent　of　feudal　influence

was　so　wide　that　he　was　usually　termed　the　King　of　Carrick。　　

We　give　the　fact　as　it　occurs　in　Bannatyne's　Journal；　only　premising

that　the　Journalist　held　his　master's　opinions；　both　with

respect　to　the　Earl　of　Cassilis　as　an　opposer　of　the　king's　party；

and　as　being　a　detester　of　the　practice　of　granting　church　revenues

to　titulars；　instead　of　their　being　devoted　to　pious　uses；

such　as　the　support　of　the　clergy；　expense　of　schools；　and　the　relief

of　the　national　poor。　　He　mingles　in　the　narrative；　therefore；

a　well　deserved　feeling　of　execration　against　the　tyrant　who　employed

the　torture；　which　a　tone　of　ridicule　towards　the　patient；

as　if；　after　all；　it　had　not　been　ill　bestowed　on　such　an　equivocal

and　amphibious　character　as　a　titular　abbot。　　He　entitles　his

narrative；



The　Earl　Of　Cassilis'　Tyranny　against　a　quick　（_i。e。_

　　　　　　　　　　living）　man。



‘‘Master　Allan　Stewart；　friend　to　Captain　James　Stewart　of

Cardonall；　by　means　of　the　Queen's　corrupted　court；　obtained

the　Abbey　of　Crossraguel。　　The　said　Earl　thinking　himself

greater　than　any　king　in　those　quarters；　determined　to　have　that

whole　benefice　（as　he　hath　divers　others）　to　pay　at　his　pleasure　；

and　because　he　could　not　find　sic　security　as　his　insatiable　appetite

required；　this　shift　was　devised。　　The　said　Mr　Allan　being

in　company　with　the　Laird　of　Bargany；　（also　a　Kennedy；）　was；

by　the　Earl　and　his　friends；　enticed　to　leave　the　safeguard　which

he　had　with　the　Laird；　and　come　to　make　good　cheer　with　the

said　Earl。　　The　simplicity　of　the　imprudent　man　was　suddenly

abused；　and　so　he　passed　his　time　with　them　certain　days；　which

he　did　in　Maybole　with　Thomas　Kennedie；　uncle　to　the　said　Earl：

after　which　the　said　Mr　Allan　passed；　with　quiet　company；　to

visit　the　place　and　bounds　of　Crossraguel；　＇his　abbacy；＇　of　which

the　said　Earl　being　surely　advertised；　determined　to　put　in　practice

the　tyranny　which　long　before　he　had　conceaved。　　And　so；

as　king　of　the　country；　apprehended　the　said　Mr　Allan；　and

carried　him　to　the　house　of　Denure；　where　for　a　season　he　was

honourably　treated；　（gif　a　prisoner　can　think　any　entertainment

pleasing；）　but　after　that　certain　days　were　spent；　and　that　the

Earl　could　not　obtain　the　feus　of　Crossraguel　according　to　his

awin　appetite；　he　determined　to　prove　gif　a　collation　could　work

that　which　neither　dinner　nor　supper　could　do　for　a　long　time。　　

And　so　tho　said　Mr　Allan　was　carried　to　a　secret　chamber：

with　him　passed　the　honourable　Earl；　his　worshipful　brother；

and　such　as　were　appointed　to　be　servants　at　that　banquet。　　In

the　chamber　there　was　a　grit　iron　chimlay；　under　it　a　fire；

other　grit　provision　was　not　seen。　　The　first　course　was；…‘My

Lord　Abbot；'　（said　the　Earl；）　‘it　will　please　you　confess　here；

that　with　your　own　consent　you　remain　in　my　company；　because

ye　durst　not　commit　yourself　to　the　hands　of　others。'　The

Abbot　answered；　‘Would　you；　my　lord；　that　I　should　make　a

manifest　lie　for　your　pleasure　？　The　truth　is；　my　lord；　it　is　against

my　will　that　I　am　here；　neither　yet　have　I　any　pleasure　in　your

company。'　‘But　ye　shall　remain　with　me；　nevertheless；　at　this

time；'　said　the　Earl。　‘l　am　not　able　to　resist　your　will　and　pleasure；'

said　the　Abbot；　'in　this　place。'　‘Ye　must　then　obey　me；'

said　the　Earl；…and　with　that　were　presented　unto　him　certain

letters　to　subscribe；　amongst　which　there　was　a　five　years'　tack；

and　a　nineteen　years'　tack；　and　a　charter　of　feu　of　all　the　lands

（of　Crossraguel；　with　all　the　clauses　necessary　for　the　Earl　to

haste　him　to　hell。　　For　gif　adultery；　sacrilege；　oppression；　barbarous

cruelty；　and　theft　heaped　upon　theft；　deserve　hell；　the

great　King　of　Carrick　can　no　more　escape　hell　for　ever；　than

the　imprudent　Abbot　escaped　the　fire　for　a　season　as　follows。



‘‘After　that　the　Earl　spied　repugnance；　and　saw　that　he　could

not　come　to　his　purpose　by　fair　means；　he　commanded　his　cooks

to　prepare　the　banquet：　and　so　first　they　flayed　the　sheep；　that

is；　they　took　off　the　Abbot's　cloathes　even　to　his　skin；　and　next

they　bound　him　to　the　chimney…his　legs　to　the　one　end；　and　his

arms　to　the　other；　and　so　they　began　to　beet　＇_i。e。_　feed＇　the　fire

sometimes　to　his　buttocks；　sometimes　to　his　legs；　sometimes　to

his　shoulders　and　arms；　and　that　the　roast　might　not　burn；　but

that　it　might　rest　in　soppe；　they　spared　not　flambing　with　oil；

（basting　as　a　cook　bastes　roasted　meat）；　Lord；　look　thou　to　sic

cruelty！　And　that　the　crying　of　the　miserable　man　should　not

be　heard；　they　dosed　his　mouth　that　the　voice　might　be　stopped。　　

It　may　be　suspected　that　some　partisan　of　the　King's　＇Darnley's＇

murder　was　there。　　In　that　torment　they　held　the　poor　man；

till　that　often　he　cried　for　God's　sake　to　dispatch　him；　for

he　had　as　meikle　gold　in　his　awin　purse　as　would　buy　powder

enough　to　shorten　his　pain。　　The　famous　King　of　Carrick　and

his　cooks　perceiving　the　roast　to　be　aneuch；　commanded　it　to　be

tane　fra　the　fire；　and　the　Earl　himself　began　the　grace　in　this

manner：…‘_Benedicite；　Jesus　Maria_；　you　are　the　most　obstinate

man　that　ever　I　saw；　gif　I　had　known　that　ye　had　been

so　stubborn；　I　would　not　for　a　thousand　crowns　have　handled

you　so；　I　never　did　so　to　man　before　you。'　And　yet　he　returned

to　the　same　practice　within　two　days；　and　ceased　not　till

that　he　obtained　his　formost　purpose；　that　is；　that　he　had　got

all　his　pieces　subscryvit　alsweill　as　ane　half…roasted　hand　could

do　it。　　The　Earl　thinking　himself　sure　enough　so　long　as　be

had　the　half…roasted　Abbot　in　his　awin　keeping；　and　yet　being

ashamed　of　his　presence　by　reason　of　his　former　cruelty；　left　the

place　of　Denure　in　the　hands　of　certain　of　his　servants；　and　the

half…roasted　Abbot　to　be　kept　there　as　prisoner。　　The　Laird　of

Bargany；　out　of　whose　company　the　said　Abbot　had　been　enticed；

understanding；　（not　the　extremity；）　but　the　retaining　of　the

man；　sent　to　the　court；　and　raised　letters　of　deliverance　of　the

person　of　the　man　according　to　the　order；　which　being　disobeyed；

the　said　Earl　for　his　contempt　was　denounced　rebel；　and

put　to　the　horne。　　But　yet　hope　was　there　none；　neither　to　the

afflicted　to　be　delivered；　neither　yet　to　the　purchaser　＇_i。e。_　procurer＇

of　the　letters　to　obtain　any　comfort　thereby　；　for　in　that

time　God　was　despised；　and　the　lawful　authority　was　contemned

in　Scotland；　in　hope　of　the　sudden　return　and　regiment　of　that

cruel　murderer　of　her　awin　husband；　of　whose　lords　the　said

Earl　was　called　one；　and　yet；　oftener　than　once；　he　was　solemnly

sworn