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第6章

hiero-第6章

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mistrusted still be lief and dear?'2'







'1' 〃How can he; whose faith's discredited; the moral bankrupt 。 。 。〃







'2' Or; 〃the trusty knight and serving…man。〃 Cf。 〃Morte d'Arthur;〃



    xxi。 5; King Arthur and Sir Bedivere。







Well; then; of this frank confidence in others the tyrant has the



scantiest share。'3' Seeing his life is such; he cannot even trust his



meats and drinks; but he must bid his serving…men before the feast



begins; or ever the libation to the gods is poured;'4' to taste the



viands; out of sheer mistrust there may be mischief lurking in the cup



or platter。'5'







'3' Or; 〃from this 。 。 。 is almost absolutely debarred。〃







'4' 〃Or ever grace is said。〃







'5' Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 4。







Once more; the rest of mankind find in their fatherland a treasure



worth all else beside。 The citizens form their own body…guard'6'



without pay or service…money against slaves and against evil…doers。 It



is theirs to see that none of themselves; no citizen; shall perish by



a violent death。 And they have advanced so far along the path of



guardianship'7' that in many cases they have framed a law to the



effect that 〃not the associate even of one who is blood…guilty shall



be accounted pure。〃 So that; by reason of their fatherland;'8' each



several citizen can live at quiet and secure。







'6' 〃Are their own 'satellites;' spear…bearers。〃 Cf。 Thuc。 i。 130;



    Herod。 ii。 168; vii。 127。







'7' 〃Pushed so far the principle of mutual self…aid。〃







'8' 〃Thanks to the blessing of a fatherland each citizen may spend his



    days in peace and safety。〃







But for the tyrant it is again exactly the reverse。'9' Instead of



aiding or avenging their despotic lord; cities bestow large honours on



the slayer of a tyrant; ay; and in lieu of excommunicating the



tyrannicide from sacred shrines;'10' as is the case with murderers of



private citizens; they set up statues of the doers of such deeds'11'



in temples。







'9' 〃Matters are once more reversed precisely;〃 〃it is all 'topsy…



    turvy。'〃







'10' 〃And sacrifices。〃 Cf。 Dem。 〃c。 Lept。〃 137; {en toinun tois peri



    touton nomois o Drakon 。 。 。 katharon diorisen einai}。 〃Now in the



    laws upon this subject; Draco; although he strove to make it



    fearful and dreadful for a man to slay another; and ordained that



    the homicide should be excluded from lustrations; cups; and drink…



    offerings; from the temples and the market…place; specifying



    everything by which he thought most effectually to restrain people



    from such a practice; still did not abolish the rule of justice;



    but laid down the cases in which it should be lawful to kill; and



    declared that the killer under such circumstances should be deemed



    pure〃 (C。 R。 Kennedy)。







'11' e。g。 Harmodius and Aristogeiton。 See Dem。 loc。 cit。 138: 〃The



    same rewards that you gave to Harmodius and Aristogiton;〃



    concerning whom Simonides himself wrote a votive couplet:







        {'E meg' 'Athenaioisi phoos geneth' enik' 'Aristogeiton



        'Ipparkhon kteine kai 'Armodios。}







But if you imagine that the tyrant; because he has more possessions



than the private person; does for that reason derive greater pleasure



from them; this is not so either; Simonides; but it is with tyrants as



with athletes。 Just as the athlete feels no glow of satisfaction in



asserting his superiority over amateurs;'12' but annoyance rather when



he sustains defeat at the hands of any real antagonist; so; too; the



tyrant finds little consolation in the fact'13' that he is evidently



richer than the private citizen。 What he feels is pain; when he



reflects that he has less himself than other monarchs。 These he holds



to be his true antagonists; these are his rivals in the race for



wealth。







'12' Or; 〃It gives no pleasure to the athlete to win victories over



    amateurs。〃 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 7。







'13' Or; 〃each time it is brought home to him that;〃 etc。







Nor does the tyrant attain the object of his heart's desire more



quickly than do humbler mortals theirs。 For consider; what are their



objects of ambition? The private citizen has set his heart; it may be;



on a house; a farm; a servant。 The tyrant hankers after cities; or



wide territory; or harbours; or formidable citadels; things far more



troublesome and more perilous to achieve than are the pettier



ambitions of lesser men。







And hence it is; moreover; that you will find but few'14' private



persons paupers by comparison with the large number of tyrants who



deserve the title;'15' since the criterion of enough; or too much; is



not fixed by mere arithmetic; but relatively to the needs of the



individual。'16' In other words; whatever exceeds sufficiency is much;



and what falls short of that is little。'17'







'14' Reading as vulg。 {alla mentoi kai penetas opsei oukh outos



    oligous ton idioton os pollous ton turannon}。 Lit。 〃however that



    may be; you will see not so few private persons in a state of



    penury as many despots。〃 Breitenbach del。 {oukh}; and transl。;



    〃Daher weist du auch in dem Masse wenige Arme unter den Privat…



    leuten finden; als viele unter den Tyrannen。〃 Stob。; {penetas



    opsei oligous ton idioton; pollous de ton turannon}。 Stob。 MS。



    Par。; {alla mentoi kai plousious opsei oukh outos oligous ton



    idioton os penetas pollous ton turannon}。 See Holden ad loc。 and



    crit。 n。







'15' Cf。 〃Mem。〃 IV。 ii。 37。







'16' Or; 〃not by the number of things we have; but in reference to the



    use we make of them。〃 Cf。 〃Anab。〃 VII。 vii。 36。







'17' Dr。 Holden aptly cf。 Addison; 〃The Spectator;〃 No。 574; on the



    text 〃Non possidentem multa vocaveris recte beatum 。 。 。〃







And on this principle the tyrant; with his multiplicity of goods; is



less well provided to meet necessary expenses than the private person;



since the latter can always cut down his expenditure to suit his daily



needs in any way he chooses; but the tyrant cannot do so; seeing that



the largest expenses of a monarch are also the most necessary; being



devoted to various methods of safeguarding his life; and to cut down



any of them would be little less than suicidal。'18'







'18' Or; 〃and to curtail these would seem to be self…slaughter。〃







Or; to put it differently; why should any one expend compassion on a



man; as if he were a beggar; who has it in his power to satisfy by



just and honest means his every need?'19' Surely it would be more



appropriate to call that man a wretched starveling beggar rather; who



through lack of means is driven to live by ugly shifts and base



contrivances。







'19' i。e。 〃to expend compassion on a man who; etc。; were surely a



    pathetic fallacy。〃 Al。 〃Is not the man who has it in his power;



    etc。; far above being pitied?〃







Now it is your tyrant who is perpetually driven to iniquitous



spoilation of temples and human beings; through chronic need of money



wherewith to meet inevitable expenses; since he is forced to feed and



support an army (even in times of peace) no less than if there were



actual war; or else he signs his own death…warrant。'20'







'20' 〃A daily; hourly constraint is laid upon him to support an army



    as in war time; orwrite his epitaph!〃















V







But there is yet another sore affliction to which the tyrant is



liable; Sinmonides; which I will name to you。 It is this。 Tyrants no



less tha

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