the city of domes-第25章

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orseback；　standing　in　stirrups；　〃Energy。〃　Figures　on　shoulders；　〃Fame〃　and　〃Valor。〃　Figures　on　globe；　two　hemispheres；　Western；　bull…man；　Eastern；　lioness…woman。　Figures　on　base；　sea…spirits。　Upright　figure　on　globe；　Panama。　Large　figures　in　pool；　the　oceans：　The　Atlantic；　a　woman　with　coral　in　her　hair；　riding　on　back　of　armored　fish；　North　Sea；　an　Eskimo　hunting　on　back　of　walrus；　Pacific；　a　woman　on　back　of　large　sea　lion；　and　South　Sea；　a　negro　on　back　of　trumpeting　sea…elephant。　Sea…maidens　on　dolphins'　backs；　in　pool。

To　right　and　left；　in　front　of　Festival　Hall；　and　Horticultural　Palace；　at　ends　of　long　pools；　French　fountain　of　〃The　Mermaid；〃　figure；　by　Arthur　Putnam；　of　San　Francisco。

To　right；　large　building；　Festival　Hall；　by　Robert　Farquhar；　of　Los　Angeles；　French　theatre　architecture。　Studied　from　the　theatres　of　the　Beaux　Arts　style　of　French　architecture。　Details；　French　Renaissance　developed　from　the　Italian　influence。

To　right；　Press　Building；　designed　and　built　by　the　Exposition；　Harris　H。　D。　Connick；　Director　of　Works。

To　left；　large　building；　Palace　of　Horticulture；　Bakewell　&　Brown；　architects。

To　left；　Young　Women's　Christian　Association。

French　light　standards；　by　Walter　D'Arcy　Ryan　and　P。　E。　Denneville。

French　ornamental　vases；　filled　with　flowers；　by　E。　F。　Champney。

The　wall；　by　Faville；　with　ornamental　Spanish　entrances；　runs　around　main　courts　and　palaces；　making　the　walled　city。　Tiled　roofs　suggesting　mission　architecture；　associated　with　early　California　missions；　a　style　developed　from　the　Spanish。

Four　smaller　towers；　two　on　either　side　of　large　tower；　by　George　W。　Kelham；　of　San　Francisco；　Italian　Renaissance。

Sand　on　walks；　selected　by　Jules　Guerin　for　its　pink　color　to　harmonize　with　color　scheme。　Binds　together　buildings；　its　pink　harmonizing　with　pink　of　walls。　Grains　of　sand　in　walks　translucent。

Flag　poles；　ornamented　with　gilt　star；　by　Faville。　Orange…colored　streamers　by　Guerin。

Heraldic　designs　related　to　history　of　Pacific　Coast；　by　Ryan。

Thoroughfare　running　along　wall　and　lined　with　palms；　Avenue　of　Palms。

Equestrian　statue；　to　right　of　Tower　of　Jewels；　by　Charles　Niehaus；　〃Cortez；〃　conquerer　of　Mexico。

Equestrian　statue；　to　left；　by　Charles　Cary　Rumsey；　〃Pizarro；〃　conqueror　of　Peru。　Fine　in　action　and　spirit。



Tower　of　Jewels



Main　tower　breaking　southern　wall；　facing　South　Gardens；　the　Tower　of　Jewels；　by　Thomas　Hastings；　of　Carrere　&　Hastings；　New　York。　Developed　from　Italian　Renaissance　architecture；　with　Byzantine　modifications；　and　designed　to　suggest　an　Aztec　tower；　433　feet　high；　original　intention　to　make　it　100　feet　higher。

Inscriptions　on　wall　at　base　of　tower　chosen　by　Porter　Garnett　of　Berkeley；　explain　steps　that　led　to　building　of　Panama　Canal；　celebrated　by　Exposition。　On　both　sides　of　inscriptions　Roman　fasces　denoting　public　authority。　From　left　to　right：　〃1501　Rodrigo　de　Bastides　pursuing　his　course　beyond　the　West　Indies　discovers　Panama〃；　〃1513　Vasco　Nunes　de　Balboa　crosses　the　Isthmus　of　Panama　and　discovers　the　Pacific　Ocean〃；　〃1904　the　United　States；　succeeding　France；　begins　operations　on　the　Panama　Canal〃；　〃1915　the　Panama　Canal　is　opened　to　the　commerce　of　the　world。〃

Large　Composite　columns　on　base。　Arched　capitals　with　acanthus；　ornamented　with　the　American　eagle；　the　nude　figure　of　child；　and　ornamental　design　suggesting　California　fruits。　Colored　to　resemble　Sienna　marble。

Corinthian　columns　at　either　side；　eagles　at　corners　of　capital；　human　head　above。

Figures　by　John　Flanagan；　of　New　York；　represent　types　in　early　California　history：　Spanish　adventurer　of　sixteenth　century；　who　came　to　California　and　started　Spanish　influence；　priest；　who　brought　the　Catholic　religion　to　California　Indians；　philosopher；　or　scholar　and　teacher；　and　the　Spanish　warrior；　the　soldier　of　sixteenth　century；　who　came　to　win　territory　for　Spanish　king。　Above　cornice　of　tower　stand　four　figures　on　each　of　the　four　sides；　twice　life…size。

Between　statues　by　Flanagan；　square　decorative　panels；　youthful　figures　with　wreath；　repeated　on　north　of　tower。　Designed　by　Hastings；　modelled　by　Newman　and　Evans；　New　York。

Armored　horsemen　on　terrace；　by　F。　M。　L。　Tonetti；　type　of　Spanish　soldier。　Repeated　four　times　on　each　side。　Well　modeled；　but　damaged　in　effect　by　being　placed　in　row。

Rows　of　eagles　on　niches　of　tower；　symbol　of　American　initiative。

Decorative　vase　on　wings　of　tower；　Italian。　Use　of　ram's　head　below　bowl。

Wreaths　of　laurel　under　eagles；　rewards　of　courage；　suggesting　triumph　of　building　canal。

Prows　of　triremes；　at　corners　on　third　lift；　denoting　worldwide　commerce。

Ornamental　use　of　niches；　columns；　vases；　head…piece；　breastplates；　shields；　the　pagan　bull；　Cleopatra's　Needle。

Human　figures　supporting　globe；　encircled　with　girdle；　point　of　tower；　suggest　Atlas；　ancient　idea；　somewhat　like　the　group　of　the　four　quarters　of　the　world　by　Jean　Baptiste　Carbeaux　in　the　gardens　of　the　Luxembourg。

Tower　broken　into　seven　stages。　Horizontal　lines　have　flattening　effect；　tower　does　not　appear　so　high　as　it　really　is。

One　hundred　and　thirty…five　thousand　jewels　on　tower；　suspended　to　vibrate。　Ruby；　emerald；　aquamarine；　white；　yellow。　Made　in　Austria；　of　Sumatra　stone。

Arch　of　Tower　of　Jewels；　110　feet　high；　60　feet　broad；　fine　example　of　Roman　arch；　like　Arch　of　Constantine　and　Arch　of　Titus。

Figure　of　Minerva　on　centerpiece　of　arch；　north　and　south。

Recessed　or　coffered　panels　in　ceiling；　richly　colored；　blue　harmonizing　with　murals　on　east　and　west　walls。

Murals　by　William　de　Leftwich　Dodge；　of　New　York。　To　west；　〃Atlantic　and　the　Pacific；〃　with　the　〃Purchase〃　to　right；　and　the　〃Discovery〃　to　left。　Opposite；　〃Gateway　of　All　Nations；〃　with　〃Labor　Crowned〃　and　the　〃Achievement〃　on　sides。　Tone　of　murals　strengthens　arch。　Subjects　related　to　history　of　California　and　the　Panama　Canal。

Fountains；　one　in　each　of　the　colonnades。　To　right；　〃Fountain　of　Youth；〃　by　Mrs。　Edith　Woodman　Burroughs；　of　Flushing；　New　York。　Figure　of　girl；　simple　and　well…modeled；　panels　at　either　side　show　boats；　youth　rowing　the　older　people；　eagle　and　laurel　wreath　at　back；　suggest　that　central　figure　is　United　States。　One　figure　shows　a　woman　with　hand　at　ear；　her　attention　turned　toward　the　beauty　and　happiness　of　lost　youth。　To　left；　〃Fountain　of　El　Dorado；〃　by　Gertrude　Vanderbilt　Whitney　（Mrs。　Harry　Payne　Whitney）；　of　New　York。　Panels　at　either　side　show　human　struggle　for　〃land　of　gold；〃　or　〃happiness；〃　or　〃success。〃　Portals　ajar；　but　Egyptian　guardians　bar　the　way。　Dramatic　subject；　vigorous　handling。

View　of　San　Francisco　hills　between　the　columns；　one　of　the　most　beautiful　views　on　the　grounds。

Inscriptions　on　north　of　tower；　by　Garnett；　discovery　of　California　and　union　with　United　States。　From　left　to　right：　〃1542　Juan　Rodriguez　Cabrillo　discovers　California　and　lands　on　its　shores。〃　〃1776　Jose　Joaquin　Moraga　founds　the　Mission　of　San　Francisco　de　Asis〃；　〃1846　the　United　States　upon　the　outbreak　of　war　with　Mexico　takes　possession　of　California〃；　〃1850　California　is　admitted　to　the　Union　as　a　sovereign　State。〃

Forecourt　of　Court　of　Universe；　coloring　good；　graceful　planting　of　cypress。

Trees　in　niches　under　tower；　contrast　of　colors；　dark　green；　blue　and　pink。



Court　of　the　Universe



Elephant　poles；　Roman；　by　McKim；　Mead　&　White；　streamers　by　Guerin。

Bear　fountains；　in　walls　of　Palaces　of　Liberal　Arts　and　Manufactures；　north　of　Tower　of　Jewels。　Three　on　each　wall。　Colors；　pink；　dark　blue；　light　green。

Largest　court　in　Exposition。　By　McKim；　Mead　&　White；　architects；　of　New　York。　Inspired　by　Bernini's　entrance　to　St。　Peter's；　in　Rome。

Area　of　court；　seven　acres；　650　feet　wide　from　arch　to　arch；　1200　feet　from　Tower　of　Jewels　to　Column　of　Progress。

Palaces　around　court：　northeast；　Transportation；　northwest；　Agriculture；　southwest；　Liberal　Arts；　southeast；　Manufactures。

Sunken　Garden；　planted　by　John　McLaren。

Height　of　Arches　of　Rising　Sun　and　Setting　Sun；　203　feet　from　base　to　tip　of　sculpture。

East；　Arch　of　Rising　Sun；　Arch　of　Setting　Sun；　in　west。　Suggested　by　arches　of　Constantine　and　Titus　in　Rome；　modified　by　use　of　green　lattices；　Oriental；　and　b