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第9章

the zincali-第9章

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curious。  In the Gypsy language; the state of being in debt is 



called PAZORRHUS; and the Rom who did not seek to extricate himself 



from that state was deemed infamous; and eventually turned out of 



the society。  It has been asserted; I believe; by various gorgio 



writers; that the Roms have everything in common; and that there is 



a common stock out of which every one takes what he needs; this is 



quite a mistake; however:  a Gypsy tribe is an epitome of the 



world; every one keeps his own purse and maintains himself and 



children to the best of his ability; and every tent is independent 



of the other。  True it is that one Gypsy will lend to another in 



the expectation of being repaid; and until that happen the borrower 



is pazorrhus; or indebted。  Even at the present time; a Gypsy will 



make the greatest sacrifices rather than remain pazorrhus to one of 



his brethren; even though he be of another clan; though perhaps the 



feeling is not so strong as of old; for time modifies everything; 



even Jews and Gypsies are affected by it。  In the old time; indeed; 



the Gypsy law was so strong against the debtor; that provided he 



could not repay his brother husband; he was delivered over to him 



as his slave for a year and a day; and compelled to serve him as a 



hewer of wood; a drawer of water; or a beast of burden; but those 



times are past; the Gypsies are no longer the independent people 



they were of yore; … dark; mysterious; and dreaded wanderers; 



living apart in the deserts and heaths with which England at one 



time abounded。  Gypsy law has given place to common law; but the 



principle of honour is still recognised amongst them; and base 



indeed must the Gypsy be who would continue pazorrhus because Gypsy 



law has become too weak to force him to liquidate a debt by money 



or by service。







Such was Gypsy law in England; and there is every probability that 



it is much the same in all parts of the world where the Gypsy race 



is to be found。  About the peculiar practices of the Gypsies I need 



not say much here; the reader will find in the account of the 



Spanish Gypsies much that will afford him an idea of Gypsy arts in 



England。  I have already alluded to CHIVING DRAV; or poisoning; 



which is still much practised by the English Gypsies; though it has 



almost entirely ceased in Spain; then there is CHIVING LUVVU ADREY 



PUVO; or putting money within the earth; a trick by which the 



females deceive the gorgios; and which will be more particularly 



described in the affairs of Spain:  the men are adepts at cheating 



the gorgios by means of NOK…ENGROES and POGGADO…BAVENGROES 



(glandered and broken…winded horses)。  But; leaving the subject of 



their tricks and Rommany arts; by no means an agreeable one; I will 



take the present opportunity of saying a few words about a practice 



of theirs; highly characteristic of a wandering people; and which 



is only extant amongst those of the race who still continue to 



wander much; for example; the Russian Gypsies and those of the 



Hungarian family; who stroll through Italy on plundering 



expeditions:  I allude to the PATTERAN or TRAIL。







It is very possible that the reader during his country walks or 



rides has observed; on coming to four cross…roads; two or three 



handfuls of grass lying at a small distance from each other down 



one of these roads; perhaps he may have supposed that this grass 



was recently plucked from the roadside by frolicsome children; and 



flung upon the ground in sport; and this may possibly have been the 



case; it is ten chances to one; however; that no children's hands 



plucked them; but that they were strewed in this manner by Gypsies; 



for the purpose of informing any of their companions; who might be 



straggling behind; the route which they had taken; this is one form 



of the patteran or trail。  It is likely; too; that the gorgio 



reader may have seen a cross drawn at the entrance of a road; the 



long part or stem of it pointing down that particular road; and he 



may have thought nothing of it; or have supposed that some 



sauntering individual like himself had made the mark with his 



stick:  not so; courteous gorgio; ley tiro solloholomus opre lesti; 



YOU MAY TAKE YOUR OATH UPON IT that it was drawn by a Gypsy finger; 



for that mark is another of the Rommany trails; there is no mistake 



in this。  Once in the south of France; when I was weary; hungry; 



and penniless; I observed one of these last patterans; and 



following the direction pointed out; arrived at the resting…place 



of 'certain Bohemians;' by whom I was received with kindness and 



hospitality; on the faith of no other word of recommendation than 



patteran。  There is also another kind of patteran; which is more 



particularly adapted for the night; it is a cleft stick stuck at 



the side of the road; close by the hedge; with a little arm in the 



cleft pointing down the road which the band have taken; in the 



manner of a signpost; any stragglers who may arrive at night where 



cross…roads occur search for this patteran on the left…hand side; 



and speedily rejoin their companions。







By following these patterans; or trails; the first Gypsies on their 



way to Europe never lost each other; though wandering amidst horrid 



wildernesses and dreary defiles。  Rommany matters have always had a 



peculiar interest for me; nothing; however; connected with Gypsy 



life ever more captivated my imagination than this patteran system:  



many thanks to the Gypsies for it; it has more than once been of 



service to me。







The English Gypsies at the present day are far from being a 



numerous race; I consider their aggregate number; from the 



opportunities which I have had of judging; to be considerably under 



ten thousand:  it is probable that; ere the conclusion of the 



present century; they will have entirely disappeared。  They are in 



general quite strangers to the commonest rudiments of education; 



few even of the most wealthy can either read or write。  With 



respect to religion; they call themselves members of the 



Established Church; and are generally anxious to have their 



children baptized; and to obtain a copy of the register。  Some of 



their baptismal papers; which they carry about with them; are 



highly curious; going back for a period of upwards of two hundred 



years。  With respect to the essential points of religion; they are 



quite careless and ignorant; if they believe in a future state they 



dread it not; and if they manifest when dying any anxiety; it is 



not for the soul; but the body:  a handsome coffin; and a grave in 



a quiet country churchyard; are invariably the objects of their 



last thoughts; and it is probable that; in their observance of the 



rite of baptism; they are principally influenced by a desire to 



enjoy the privilege of burial in consecrated ground。  A Gypsy 



family never speak of their dead save with regret and affection; 



and any request of the dying individual is attended to; especially 



with regard to interment; so much so; that I have known a corpse 



conveyed a distance of nearly one hundred miles; because the 



deceased expressed a wish to be buried in a particular spot。







Of the language of the English Gypsies; some specimens will be 



given in the sequel; it is much more pure and copious than the 



Spanish dialect。  It has been asserted that the English Gypsies are 



not possessed of any poetry in their own tongue; but this is a 



gross error; they possess a great many songs and ballads upon 



ordinary subjects; without any particular merit; however; and 



seemingly of a very modern date。











THE GYPSIES OF THE EAST; OR ZINGARRI











What has been said of the Gypsies of Europe is; to a consid

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