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the zincali-第70章

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The first vocabulary of the 'Cant Language;' or English Germania; 



appeared in the year 1680; appended to the life of THE ENGLISH 



ROGUE; a work which; in many respects; resembles the HISTORY OF 



GUZMAN D'ALFARACHE; though it is written with considerably more 



genius than the Spanish novel; every chapter abounding with 



remarkable adventures of the robber whose life it pretends to 



narrate; and which are described with a kind of ferocious energy; 



which; if it do not charm the attention of the reader; at least 



enslaves it; holding it captive with a chain of iron。  Amongst his 



other adventures; the hero falls in with a Gypsy encampment; is 



enrolled amongst the fraternity; and is allotted a 'mort;' or 



concubine; a barbarous festival ensues; at the conclusion of which 



an epithalamium is sung in the Gypsy language; as it is called in 



the work in question。  Neither the epithalamium; however; nor the 



vocabulary; are written in the language of the English Gypsies; but 



in the 'Cant;' or allegorical robber dialect; which is sufficient 



proof that the writer; however well acquainted with thieves in 



general; their customs and manners of life; was in respect to the 



Gypsies profoundly ignorant。  His vocabulary; however; has been 



always accepted as the speech of the English Gypsies; whereas it is 



at most entitled to be considered as the peculiar speech of the 



thieves and vagabonds of his time。  The cant of the present day; 



which; though it differs in some respects from the vocabulary 



already mentioned; is radically the same; is used not only by the 



thieves in town and country; but by the jockeys of the racecourse 



and the pugilists of the 'ring。' As a specimen of the cant of 



England; we shall take the liberty of quoting the epithalamium to 



which we have above alluded:…











'Bing out; bien morts; and tour and tour



Bing out; bien morts and tour;



For all your duds are bing'd awast;



The bien cove hath the loure。 (78)







'I met a dell; I viewed her well;



She was benship to my watch:



So she and I did stall and cloy



Whatever we could catch。







'This doxy dell can cut ben whids;



And wap well for a win;



And prig and cloy so benshiply;



All daisy…ville within。







'The hoyle was up; we had good luck;



In frost for and in snow;



Men they did seek; then we did creep



And plant the roughman's low。'











It is scarcely necessary to say anything more upon the Germania in 



general or in particular; we believe that we have achieved the task 



which we marked out for ourselves; and have conveyed to our readers 



a clear and distinct idea of what it is。  We have shown that it has 



been erroneously confounded with the Rommany; or Gitano language; 



with which it has nevertheless some points of similarity。  The two 



languages are; at the present day; used for the same purpose; 



namely; to enable habitual breakers of the law to carry on their 



consultations with more secrecy and privacy than by the ordinary 



means。  Yet it must not be forgotten that the thieves' jargon was 



invented for that purpose; whilst the Rommany; originally the 



proper and only speech of a particular nation; has been preserved 



from falling into entire disuse and oblivion; because adapted to 



answer the same end。  It was impossible to treat of the Rommany in 



a manner calculated to exhaust the subject; and to leave no ground 



for future cavilling; without devoting a considerable space to the 



consideration of the robber dialect; on which account we hope we 



shall be excused many of the dry details which we have introduced 



into the present essay。  There is a link of connection between the 



history of the Roma; or wanderers from Hindustan; who first made 



their appearance in Europe at the commencement of the fifteenth 



century; and that of modern roguery。  Many of the arts which the 



Gypsies proudly call their own; and which were perhaps at one 



period peculiar to them; have become divulged; and are now 



practised by the thievish gentry who infest the various European 



states; a result which; we may assert with confidence; was brought 



about by the alliance of the Gypsies being eagerly sought on their 



first arrival by the thieves; who; at one period; were less skilful 



than the former in the ways of deceit and plunder; which kind of 



association continued and held good until the thieves had acquired 



all they wished to learn; when they left the Gypsies in the fields 



and plains; so dear to them from their vagabond and nomad habits; 



and returned to the towns and cities。  Yet from this temporary 



association were produced two results; European fraud became 



sharpened by coming into contact with Asiatic craft; whilst 



European tongues; by imperceptible degrees; became recruited with 



various words (some of them wonderfully expressive); many of which 



have long been stumbling…stocks to the philologist; who; whilst 



stigmatising them as words of mere vulgar invention; or of unknown 



origin; has been far from dreaming that by a little more research 



he might have traced them to the Sclavonic; Persian; or Romaic; or 



perhaps to the mysterious object of his veneration; the Sanscrit; 



the sacred tongue of the palm…covered regions of Ind; words 



originally introduced into Europe by objects too miserable to 



occupy for a moment his lettered attention … the despised denizens 



of the tents of Roma。











ON THE TERM 'BUSNO'











Those who have done me the honour to peruse this strange wandering 



book of mine; must frequently have noticed the word 'Busno;' a term 



bestowed by the Spanish Gypsy on his good friend the Spaniard。  As 



the present will probably be the last occasion which I shall have 



to speak of the Gitanos or anything relating to them; it will 



perhaps be advisable to explain the meaning of this word。  In the 



vocabulary appended to former editions I have translated Busno by 



such words as Gentile; savage; person who is not a Gypsy; and have 



stated that it is probably connected with a certain Sanscrit noun 



signifying an impure person。  It is; however; derived immediately 



from a Hungarian term; exceedingly common amongst the lower orders 



of the Magyars; to their disgrace be it spoken。  The Hungarian 



Gypsies themselves not unfrequently style the Hungarians Busnoes; 



in ridicule of their unceasing use of the word in question。  The 



first Gypsies who entered Spain doubtless brought with them the 



term from Hungary; the language of which country they probably 



understood to a certain extent。  That it was not ill applied by 



them in Spain no one will be disposed to deny when told that it 



exactly corresponds with the Shibboleth of the Spaniards; 'Carajo;' 



an oath equally common in Spain as its equivalent in Hungary。  



Busno; therefore; in Spanish means EL DEL CARAJO; or he who has 



that term continually in his mouth。  The Hungarian words in Spanish 



Gypsy may amount to ten or twelve; a very inconsiderable number; 



but the Hungarian Gypsy tongue itself; as spoken at the present 



day; exhibits only a slight sprinkling of Hungarian words; whilst 



it contains many words borrowed from the Wallachian; some of which 



have found their way into Spain; and are in common use amongst the 



Gitanos。



















SPECIMENS OF GYPSY DIALECTS



















THE ENGLISH DIALECT OF THE ROMMANY















'TACHIPEN if I jaw 'doi; I can lel a bit of tan to hatch:  N'etist 



I shan't puch kekomi wafu gorgies。'







The above sentence; dear reader; I heard from the mouth of Mr。 



Petulengro; the last time that he did me the honour to visit me at 



my poor house; which was the day after Mol…divvus (79); 1842:  he 



stayed 

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