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第31章

the zincali-第31章

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heretics with the heretics; and; amongst the Christians; baptizing 



now and then a child for form's sake。  Friar Jayme Bleda produces a 



hundred signs; from which he concludes that the Moriscos were not 



Christians; all which are visible in the Gitanos; very few are 



known to baptize their children; they are not married; but it is 



believed that they keep the women in common; they do not use 



dispensations; nor receive the sacraments; they pay no respect to 



images; rosaries; bulls; neither do they hear mass; nor divine 



services; they never enter the churches; nor observe fasts; Lent; 



nor any ecclesiastical precept; which enormities have been attested 



by long experience; as every person says。







'Finally; they practise every kind of wickedness in safety; by 



discoursing amongst themselves in a language with which they 



understand each other without being understood; which in Spain is 



called Gerigonza; which; as some think; ought to be called 



Cingerionza; or language of Cingary。  The king our lord saw the 



evil of such a practice in the law which he enacted at Madrid; in 



the year 1566; in which he forbade the Arabic to the Moriscos; as 



the use of different languages amongst the natives of one kingdom 



opens a door to treason; and is a source of heavy inconvenience; 



and this is exemplified more in the case of the Gitanos than of any 



other people。











'THE GITANOS OUGHT TO BE SEIZED WHEREVER FOUND











'The civil law ordains that vagrants be seized wherever they are 



found; without any favour being shown to them; in conformity with 



which; the Gitanos in the Greek empire were given as slaves to 



those who should capture them; as respectable authors write。  



Moreover; the emperor; our lord; has decreed by a law made in 



Toledo; in the year 1525; THAT THE THIRD TIME THEY BE FOUND 



WANDERING THEY SHALL SERVE AS SLAVES DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFE TO 



THOSE WHO CAPTURE THEM。  Which can be easily justified; inasmuch as 



there is no shepherd who does not place barriers against the 



wolves; and does not endeavour to save his flock; and I have 



already exposed to your Majesty the damage which the Gitanos 



perpetrate in Spain。











'THE GITANOS OUGHT TO BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH











'The reasons are many。  The first; for being spies; and traitors to 



the crown; the second as idlers and vagabonds。







'It ought always to be considered; that no sooner did the race of 



man begin; after the creation of the world; than the important 



point of civil policy arose of condemning vagrants to death; for 



Cain was certain that he should meet his destruction in wandering 



as a vagabond for the murder of Abel。  ERO VAGUS ET PROFUGUS IN 



TERRA:  OMNIS IGITUR QUI INVENERIT ME; OCCIDET ME。  Now; the IGITUR 



stands here as the natural consequence of VAGUS ERO; as it is 



evident; that whoever shall see me must kill me; because he sees me 



a wanderer。  And it must always be remembered; that at that time 



there were no people in the world but the parents and brothers of 



Cain; as St。 Ambrose has remarked。  Moreover; God; by the mouth of 



Jeremias; menaced his people; that all should devour them whilst 



they went wandering amongst the mountains。  And it is a doctrine 



entertained by theologians; that the mere act of wandering; without 



anything else; carries with it a vehement suspicion of capital 



crime。  Nature herself demonstrates it in the curious political 



system of the bees; in whose well…governed republic the drones are 



killed in April; when they commence working。







'The third; because they are stealers of four…footed beasts; who 



are condemned to death by the laws of Spain; in the wise code of 



the famous King Don Alonso; which enactment became a part of the 



common law。







'The fourth; for wizards; diviners; and for practising arts which 



are prohibited under pain of death by the divine law itself。  And 



Saul is praised for having caused this law to be put in execution 



in the beginning of his reign; and the Holy Scripture attributes to 



the breach of it (namely; his consulting the witch) his disastrous 



death; and the transfer of the kingdom to David。  The Emperor 



Constantine the Great; and other emperors who founded the civil 



law; condemned to death those who should practise such 



facinorousness; … as the President of Tolosa has written。







'The last and most urgent cause is; that they are heretics; if what 



is said be truth; and it is the practice of the law in Spain to 



burn such。











'THE GITANOS ARE EXPELLED FROM THE COUNTRY BY THE LAWS OF SPAIN











'Firstly; they are comprehended as hale beggars in the law of the 



wise king; Don Alonso; by which he expelled all sturdy beggars; as 



being idle and useless。







'Secondly; the law expels public harlots from the city; and of this 



matter I have already said something in my second chapter。







'Thirdly; as people who cause scandal; and who; as is visible at 



the first glance; are prejudicial to morals and common decency。  



Now; it is established by the statute law of these kingdoms; that 



such people be expelled therefrom; it is said so in the well…



pondered words of the edict for the expulsion of the Moors:  〃And 



forasmuch as the sense of good and Christian government makes it a 



matter of conscience to expel from the kingdoms the things which 



cause scandal; injury to honest subjects; danger to the state; and 



above all; disloyalty to the Lord our God。〃  Therefore; considering 



the incorrigibility of the Gitanos; the Spanish kings made many 



holy laws in order to deliver their subjects from such pernicious 



people。







'Fourthly; the Catholic princes; Ferdinand and Isabella; by a law 



which they made in Medina del Campo; in the year 1494; and which 



the emperor our lord renewed in Toledo in 1523; and in Madrid in 



1528 and 1534; and the late king our lord; in 1560; banished them 



perpetually from Spain; and gave them as slaves to whomsoever 



should find them; after the expiration of the term specified in the 



edict … laws which are notorious even amongst strangers。  The words 



are:… 〃We declare to be vagabonds; and subject to the aforesaid 



penalty; the Egyptians and foreign tinkers; who by laws and 



statutes of these kingdoms are commanded to depart therefrom; and 



the poor sturdy beggars; who contrary to the order given in the new 



edict; beg for alms and wander about。〃











'THE LAWS ARE VERY JUST WHICH EXPEL THE GITANOS FROM THE STATES











All the doctors; who are of opinion that the Gitanos may be 



condemned to death; would consider it as an act of mercy in your 



Majesty to banish them perpetually from Spain; and at the same time 



as exceedingly just。  Many and learned men not only consider that 



it is just to expel them; but cannot sufficiently wonder that they 



are tolerated in Christian states; and even consider that such 



toleration is an insult to the kingdoms。







'Whilst engaged in writing this; I have seen a very learned 



memorial; in which Doctor Salazar de Mendoza makes the same 



supplication to your Majesty which is made in this discourse; 



holding it to be the imperious duty of every good government。







'It stands in reason that the prince is bound to watch for the 



welfare of his subjects; and the wrongs which those of your Majesty 



receive from the Gitanos I have already exposed in my second 



chapter; it being a point worthy of great consideration that the 



wrongs caused by the Moriscos moved your royal and merciful bosom 



to drive them out; although they were many; and their departure 



would be felt as a loss to the population; the commerce; the royal 



revenues; and agriculture。  Now; with respect to

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