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the zincali-第30章

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packing after the Moriscos。







Whether this discourse produced any benefit to the author; we have 



no means of ascertaining。  One thing is certain; that it did no 



harm to the Gitanos; who still continue in Spain。







If he had other expectations; he must have understood very little 



of the genius of his countrymen; or of King Philip and his court。  



It would have been easier to get up a crusade against the wild cats 



of the sierra; than against the Gitanos; as the former have skins 



to reward those who slay them。  His discourse; however; is well 



worthy of perusal; as it exhibits some learning; and comprises many 



curious details respecting the Gitanos; their habits; and their 



practices。  As it is not very lengthy; we here subjoin it; hoping 



that the reader will excuse its many absurdities; for the sake of 



its many valuable facts。















CHAPTER X















'SIRE;







'The people of God were always afflicted by the Egyptians; but the 



Supreme King delivered them from their hands by means of many 



miracles; which are related in the Holy Scriptures; and now; 



without having recourse to so many; but only by means of the 



miraculous talent which your Majesty possesses for expelling such 



reprobates; he will; doubtless; free this kingdom from them; which 



is what is supplicated in this discourse; and it behoves us; in the 



first place; to consider











'WHO ARE THE GITANOS?











'Writers generally agree that the first time the Gitanos were seen 



in Europe was the year 1417; which was in the time of Pope Martinus 



the Fifth and King Don John the Second; others say that Tamerlane 



had them in his camp in 1401; and that their captain was Cingo; 



from whence it is said that they call themselves Cingary。  But the 



opinions concerning their origin are infinite。







'The first is that they are foreigners; though authors differ much 



with respect to the country from whence they came。  The majority 



say that they are from Africa; and that they came with the Moors 



when Spain was lost; others that they are Tartars; Persians; 



Cilicians; Nubians; from Lower Egypt; from Syria; or from other 



parts of Asia and Africa; and others consider them to be 



descendants of Chus; son of Cain; others say that they are of 



European origin; Bohemians; Germans; or outcasts from other nations 



of this quarter of the world。







'The second and sure opinion is; that those who prowl about Spain 



are not Egyptians; but swarms of wasps and atheistical wretches; 



without any kind of law or religion; Spaniards; who have introduced 



this Gypsy life or sect; and who admit into it every day all the 



idle and broken people of Spain。  There are some foreigners who 



would make Spain the origin and fountain of all the Gypsies of 



Europe; as they say that they proceeded from a river in Spain 



called Cija; of which Lucan makes mention; an opinion; however; not 



much adopted amongst the learned。  In the opinion of respectable 



authors; they are called Cingary or Cinli; because they in every 



respect resemble the bird cinclo; which we call in Spanish 



Motacilla; or aguzanieve (wagtail); which is a vagrant bird and 



builds no nest; (37) but broods in those of other birds; a bird 



restless and poor of plumage; as AElian writes。











'THE GITANOS ARE VERY HURTFUL TO SPAIN











'There is not a nation which does not consider them as a most 



pernicious rabble; even the Turks and Moors abominate them; amongst 



whom this sect is found under the names of Torlaquis; (38) 



Hugiemalars; and Dervislars; of whom some historians make mention; 



and all agree that they are most evil people; and highly 



detrimental to the country where they are found。







'In the first place; because in all parts they are considered as 



enemies of the states where they wander; and as spies and traitors 



to the crown; which was proven by the emperors Maximilian and 



Albert; who declared them to be such in public edicts; a fact easy 



to be believed; when we consider that they enter with ease into the 



enemies' country; and know the languages of all nations。







'Secondly; because they are idle vagabond people; who are in no 



respect useful to the kingdom; without commerce; occupation; or 



trade of any description; and if they have any it is making 



picklocks and pothooks for appearance sake; being wasps; who only 



live by sucking and impoverishing the country; sustaining 



themselves by the sweat of the miserable labourers; as a German 



poet has said of them:…











〃Quos aliena juvant; propriis habitare molestum;



Fastidit patrium non nisi nosse solum。〃











They are much more useless than the Moriscos; as these last were of 



some service to the state and the royal revenues; but the Gitanos 



are neither labourers; gardeners; mechanics; nor merchants; and 



only serve; like the wolves; to plunder and to flee。







'Thirdly; because the Gitanas are public harlots; common; as it is 



said; to all the Gitanos; and with dances; demeanour; and filthy 



songs; are the cause of continual detriment to the souls of the 



vassals of your Majesty; it being notorious that they have done 



infinite harm in many honourable houses by separating the married 



women from their husbands; and perverting the maidens:  and 



finally; in the best of these Gitanas any one may recognise all the 



signs of a harlot given by the wise king; they are gadders about; 



whisperers; always unquiet in places and corners。







'Fourthly; because in all parts they are accounted famous thieves; 



about which authors write wonderful things; we ourselves have 



continual experience of this fact in Spain; where there is scarcely 



a corner where they have not committed some heavy offence。







'Father Martin Del Rio says they were notorious when he was in Leon 



in the year 1584; as they even attempted to sack the town of 



Logrono in the time of the pest; as Don Francisco De Cordoba writes 



in his DIDASCALIA。  Enormous cases of their excesses we see in 



infinite processes in all the tribunals; and particularly in that 



of the Holy Brotherhood; their wickedness ascending to such a 



pitch; that they steal children; and carry them for sale to 



Barbary; the reason why the Moors call them in Arabic; RASO 



CHERANY; (39) which; as Andreas Tebetus writes; means MASTER 



THIEVES。  Although they are addicted to every species of robbery; 



they mostly practise horse and cattle stealing; on which account 



they are called in law ABIGEOS; and in Spanish QUATREROS; from 



which practice great evils result to the poor labourers。  When they 



cannot steal cattle; they endeavour to deceive by means of them; 



acting as TERCEROS; in fairs and markets。







'Fifthly; because they are enchanters; diviners; magicians; 



chiromancers; who tell the future by the lines of the hand; which 



is what they call BUENA VENTURA; and are in general addicted to all 



kind of superstition。







'This is the opinion entertained of them universally; and which is 



confirmed every day by experience; and some think that they are 



caller Cingary; from the great Magian Cineus; from whom it is said 



they learned their sorceries; and from which result in Spain 



(especially amongst the vulgar) great errors; and superstitious 



credulity; mighty witchcrafts; and heavy evils; both spiritual and 



corporeal。







'Sixthly; because very devout men consider them as heretics; and 



many as Gentile idolaters; or atheists; without any religion; 



although they exteriorly accommodate themselves to the religion of 



the country in which they wander; being Turks with the Turks; 



heretics with the heretics; and; amongst the Christians; baptizing 



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