the zincali-第28章
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kind of robbery and imposition; Aventinus (ANNALES BOIORUM; 826)
speaking of them says: 'Adeo tamen vana superstitio hominum
mentes; velut lethargus invasit; ut eos violari nefas putet; atque
grassari; furari; imponere passim sinant。'
This singular story of banishment from Egypt; and Wandering through
the world for a period of seven years; for inhospitality displayed
to the Virgin; and which I find much difficulty in attributing to
the invention of people so ignorant as the Romas; tallies strangely
with the fate foretold to the ancient Egyptians in certain chapters
of Ezekiel; so much so; indeed; that it seems to be derived from
that source。 The Lord is angry with Egypt because its inhabitants
have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel; and thus he
threatens them by the mouth of his prophet。
'I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the
countries that are desolate; and her cities among the cities that
are laid waste shall be desolate forty years: and I will scatter
the Egyptians among the nations; and will disperse them through the
countries。' Ezek。; chap。 xxix。 v。 12。 'Yet thus saith the Lord
God; at the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the
people whither they were scattered。' v。 13。
'Thus saith the Lord; I will make the multitude of Egypt to cease;
by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar; king of Babylon。' Chap。 xxx。 v。 10。
'And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations; and disperse
them among the countries; and they shall know that I am the Lord。'
Chap。 xxx。 v。 26。
The reader will at once observe that the apocryphal tale which the
Romas brought into Germany; concerning their origin and wanderings;
agrees in every material point with the sacred prophecy。 The
ancient Egyptians were to be driven from their country and
dispersed amongst the nations; for a period of forty years; for
having been the cause of Israel's backsliding; and for not having
known the Lord; … the modern pseudo…Egyptians are to be dispersed
among the nations for seven years; for having denied hospitality to
the Virgin and her child。 The prophecy seems only to have been
remodelled for the purpose of suiting the taste of the time; as no
legend possessed much interest in which the Virgin did not figure;
she and her child are here introduced instead of the Israelites;
and the Lord of Heaven offended with the Egyptians; and this legend
appears to have been very well received in Germany; for a time at
least; for; as Aventinus observes; it was esteemed a crime of the
first magnitude to offer any violence to the Egyptian pilgrims; who
were permitted to rob on the highway; to commit larceny; and to
practise every species of imposition with impunity。
The tale; however; of the Romas could hardly have been invented by
themselves; as they were; and still are; utterly unacquainted with
the Scripture; it probably originated amongst the priests and
learned men of the east of Europe; who; startled by the sudden
apparition of bands of people foreign in appearance and language;
skilled in divination and the occult arts; endeavoured to find in
Scripture a clue to such a phenomenon; the result of which was;
that the Romas of Hindustan were suddenly transformed into Egyptian
penitents; a title which they have ever since borne in various
parts of Europe。 There are no means of ascertaining whether they
themselves believed from the first in this story; they most
probably took it on credit; more especially as they could give no
account of themselves; there being every reason for supposing that
from time immemorial they had existed in the East as a thievish
wandering sect; as they at present do in Europe; without history or
traditions; and unable to look back for a period of eighty years。
The tale moreover answered their purpose; as beneath the garb of
penitence they could rob and cheat with impunity; for a time at
least。 One thing is certain; that in whatever manner the tale of
their Egyptian descent originated; many branches of the sect place
implicit confidence in it at the present day; more especially those
of England and Spain。
Even at the present time there are writers who contend that the
Romas are the descendants of the ancient Egyptians; who were
scattered amongst the nations by the Assyrians。 This belief they
principally found upon particular parts of the prophecy from which
we have already quoted; and there is no lack of plausibility in the
arguments which they deduce therefrom。 The Egyptians; say they;
were to fall upon the open fields; they were not to be brought
together nor gathered; they were to be dispersed through the
countries; their idols were to be destroyed; and their images were
to cease out of Noph! In what people in the world do these
denunciations appear to be verified save the Gypsies? … a people
who pass their lives in the open fields; who are not gathered
together; who are dispersed through the countries; who have no
idols; no images; nor any fixed or certain religion。
In Spain; the want of religion amongst the Gitanos was speedily
observed; and became quite as notorious as their want of honesty;
they have been styled atheists; heathen idolaters; and Moors。 In
the little book of Quinones'; we find the subject noticed in the
following manner:…
'They do not understand what kind of thing the church is; and never
enter it but for the purpose of committing sacrilege。 They do not
know the prayers; for I examined them myself; males and females;
and they knew them not; or if any; very imperfectly。 They never
partake of the Holy Sacraments; and though they marry relations
they procure no dispensations。 (35) No one knows whether they are
baptized。 One of the five whom I caused to be hung a few days ago
was baptized in the prison; being at the time upwards of thirty
years of age。 Don Martin Fajardo says that two Gitanos and a
Gitana; whom he hanged in the village of Torre Perojil; were
baptized at the foot of the gallows; and declared themselves Moors。
'They invariably look out; when they marry; if we can call theirs
marrying; for the woman most dexterous in pilfering and deceiving;
caring nothing whether she is akin to them or married already; (36)
for it is only necessary to keep her company and to call her wife。
Sometimes they purchase them from their husbands; or receive them
as pledges: so says; at least; Doctor Salazar de Mendoza。
'Friar Melchior of Guelama states that he heard asserted of two
Gitanos what was never yet heard of any barbarous nation; namely;
that they exchanged their wives; and that as one was more comely
looking than the other; he who took the handsome woman gave a
certain sum of money to him who took the ugly one。 The licentiate
Alonzo Duran has certified to me; that in the year 1623…4; one
Simon Ramirez; captain of a band of Gitanos; repudiated Teresa
because she was old; and married one called Melchora; who was young
and handsome; and that on the day when the repudiation took place
and the bridal was celebrated he was journeying along the road; and
perceived a company feasting and revelling beneath some trees in a
plain within the jurisdiction of the village of Deleitosa; and that
on demanding the cause he was told that it was on account of Simon
Ramirez marrying one Gitana and casting off another; and that the
repudiated woman told him; with an agony of tears; that he
abandoned her because she was old; and married another because she
was young。 Certainly Gitanos and Gitanas confessed before Don
Martin Fajardo that they did not really ma