lay morals-第26章
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ass and class； whose influence （in such a heterogeneous company as ours） might be of incalculable value in all branches of politics and social progress。 It would do more than this。 If we could find some method of making the University a real mother to her sons … something beyond a building of class…rooms； a Senatus and a lottery of somewhat shabby prizes … we should strike a death… blow at the constrained and unnatural attitude of our Society。 At present we are not a united body； but a loose gathering of individuals； whose inherent attraction is allowed to condense them into little knots and coteries。 Our last snowball riot read us a plain lesson on our condition。 There was no party spirit … no unity of interests。 A few； who were mischievously inclined； marched off to the College of Surgeons in a pretentious file； but even before they reached their destination the feeble inspiration had died out in many； and their numbers were sadly thinned。 Some followed strange gods in the direction of Drummond Street； and others slunk back to meek good…boyism at the feet of the Professors。 The same is visible in better things。 As you send a man to an English University that he may have his prejudices rubbed off； you might send him to Edinburgh that he may have them ingrained … rendered indelible … fostered by sympathy into living principles of his spirit。 And the reason of it is quite plain。 From this absence of University feeling it comes that a man's friendships are always the direct and immediate results of these very prejudices。 A common weakness is the best master of ceremonies in our quadrangle： a mutual vice is the readiest introduction。 The studious associate with the studious alone … the dandies with the dandies。 There is nothing to force them to rub shoulders with the others； and so they grow day by day more wedded to their own original opinions and affections。 They see through the same spectacles continually。 All broad sentiments； all real catholic humanity expires； and the mind gets gradually stiffened into one position … becomes so habituated to a contracted atmosphere； that it shudders and withers under the least draught of the free air that circulates in the general field of mankind。
Specialism in Society then is； we think； one cause of our present state。 Specialism in study is another。 We doubt whether this has ever been a good thing since the world began； but we are sure it is much worse now than it was。 Formerly； when a man became a specialist； it was out of affection for his subject。 With a somewhat grand devotion he left all the world of Science to follow his true love； and he contrived to find that strange pedantic interest which inspired the man who
'Settled HOTI'S business … let it be … Properly based OUN … Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic DE； Dead from the waist down。'
Nowadays it is quite different。 Our pedantry wants even the saving clause of Enthusiasm。 The election is now matter of necessity and not of choice。 Knowledge is now too broad a field for your Jack…of…all…Trades； and； from beautifully utilitarian reasons； he makes his choice； draws his pen through a dozen branches of study； and behold … John the Specialist。 That this is the way to be wealthy we shall not deny； but we hold that it is NOT the way to be healthy or wise。 The whole mind becomes narrowed and circumscribed to one 'punctual spot' of knowledge。 A rank unhealthy soil breeds a harvest of prejudices。 Feeling himself above others in his one little branch … in the classification of toadstools； or Carthaginian history … he waxes great in his own eyes and looks down on others。 Having all his sympathies educated in one way； they die out in every other； and he is apt to remain a peevish； narrow； and intolerant bigot。 Dilettante is now a term of reproach； but there is a certain form of dilettantism to which no one can object。 It is this that we want among our students。 We wish them to abandon no subject until they have seen and felt its merit … to act under a general interest in all branches of knowledge； not a commercial eagerness to excel in one。
In both these directions our sympathies are constipated。 We are apostles of our own caste and our own subject of study； instead of being； as we should； true men and LOVING students。 Of course both of these could be corrected by the students themselves； but this is nothing to the purpose： it is more important to ask whether the Senatus or the body of alumni could do nothing towards the growth of better feeling and wider sentiments。 Perhaps in another paper we may say something upon this head。
One other word； however； before we have done。 What shall we be when we grow really old？ Of yore； a man was thought to lay on restrictions and acquire new deadweight of mournful experience with every year； till he looked back on his youth as the very summer of impulse and freedom。 We please ourselves with thinking that it cannot be so with us。 We would fain hope that； as we have begun in one way； we may end in another； and that when we are in fact the octogenarians that we SEEM at present； there shall be no merrier men on earth。 It is pleasant to picture us； sunning ourselves in Princes Street of a morning； or chirping over our evening cups； with all the merriment that we wanted in youth。
COLLEGE PAPERS CHAPTER III … DEBATING SOCIETIES
A DEBATING society is at first somewhat of a disappointment。 You do not often find the youthful Demosthenes chewing his pebbles in the same room with you； or； even if you do； you will probably think the performance little to be admired。 As a general rule； the members speak shamefully ill。 The subjects of debate are heavy； and so are the fines。 The Ballot Question … oldest of dialectic nightmares … is often found astride of a somnolent sederunt。 The Greeks and Romans； too； are reserved as sort of GENERAL…UTILITY men； to do all the dirty work of illustration； and they fill as many functions as the famous waterfall scene at the 'Princess's；' which I found doing duty on one evening as a gorge in Peru； a haunt of German robbers； and a peaceful vale in the Scottish borders。 There is a sad absence of striking argument or real lively discussion。 Indeed； you feel a growing contempt for your fellow…members； and it is not until you rise yourself to hawk and hesitate and sit shamefully down again； amid eleemosynary applause； that you begin to find your level and value others rightly。 Even then； even when failure has damped your critical ardour； you will see many things to be laughed at in the deportment of your rivals。
Most laughable； perhaps； are your indefatigable strivers after eloquence。 They are of those who 'pursue with eagerness the phantoms of hope；' and who； since they expect that 'the deficiencies of last sentence will be supplied by the next；' have been recommended by Dr。 Samuel Johnson to 'attend to the History of Rasselas； Prince of Abyssinia。' They are characterised by a hectic hopefulness。 Nothing damps them。 They rise from the ruins of one abortive sentence； to launch forth into another with unabated vigour。 They have all the manner of an orator。 From the tone of their voice； you would expect a splendid period … and lo！ a string of broken…backed； disjointed clauses； eked out with stammerings and throat…clearings。 They possess the art （learned from the pulpit） of rounding an uneuphonious sentence by dwelling on a single syllable … of striking a balance in a top…heavy period by lengthening out a word into a melancholy quaver。 Withal； they never cease to hope。 Even at last； even when they have exhausted all their ideas； even after the would…be peroration has finally refused to perorate； they remain upon their feet with their mouths open； waiting for some further inspiration； like Chaucer's widow's son in the dung…hole； after
'His throat was kit unto the nekke bone；'
in vain expectation of that seed that was to be laid upon his tongue； and give him renewed and clearer utterance。
These men may have something to say； if they could only say it … indeed they generally have
