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第5章

part03-第5章

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  Alhamar retained his faculties and vigor to an advanced age。 In

his seventy…ninth year (A。 D。 1272) he took the field on horseback;

accompanied by the flower of his chivalry; to resist an invasion of

his territories。 As the army sallied forth from Granada; one of the

principal adalides; or guides; who rode in the advance; accidentally

broke his lance against the arch of the gate。 The councillors of the

king; alarmed by this circumstance; which was considered an evil omen;

entreated him to return。 Their supplications were in vain。 The king

persisted; and at noontide the omen; say the Moorish chroniclers;

was fatally fulfilled。 Alhamar was suddenly struck with illness; and

had nearly fallen from his horse。 He was placed on a litter; and borne

back towards Granada but his illness increased to such a degree that

they were obliged to pitch his tent in the Vega。 His physicians were

filled with consternation; not knowing what remedy to prescribe。 In

a few hours he died; vomiting blood and in violent convulsions。 The

Castilian prince; Don Philip; brother of Alonzo X; was by his side

when he expired。 His body was embalmed; enclosed in a silver coffin;

and buried in the Alhambra in a sepulchre of precious marble; amidst

the unfeigned lamentations of his subjects; who bewailed him as a

parent。

  I have said that he was the first of the illustrious line of Nasar

that sat upon a throne。 I may add that he was the founder of a

brilliant kingdom; which will ever be famous in history and romance;

as the last rallying place; of Moslem power and splendor in the

peninsula。 Though his undertakings were vast; and his expenditures

immense; yet his treasury was always full; and this seeming

contradiction gave rise to the story that he was versed in magic

art; and possessed of the secret for transmuting baser metals into

gold。 Those who have attended to his domestic policy; as here set

forth; will easily understand the natural magic and simple alchemy

which made his ample treasury to overflow。

                      Yusef Abul Hagig。

                The Finisher of the Alhambra。



  TO THE foregoing particulars; concerning the Moslem princes who once

reigned in these halls; I shall add a brief notice of the monarch

who completed and embellished the Alhambra。 Yusef Abul Hagig (or as it

is sometimes written; Haxis) was another prince of the noble line of

Nasar。 He ascended the throne of Granada in the year of grace 1333;

and is described by Moslem writers as having a noble presence; great

bodily strength; and a fair complexion; and the majesty of his

countenance increased; say they; by suffering his beard to grow to a

dignified length and dying it black。 His manners were gentle; affable;

and urbane; he carried the benignity of his nature into warfare;

prohibiting all wanton cruelty; and enjoining mercy and protection

towards women and children; the aged and infirm; and all friars and

other persons of holy and recluse life。 But though he possessed the

courage common to generous spirits; the bent of his genius was more

for peace than war; and though repeatedly obliged by circumstances

to take up arms; he was generally unfortunate。

  Among other ill…starred enterprises; he undertook a great

campaign; in conjunction with the king of Morocco; against the kings

of Castile and Portugal; but was defeated in the memorable battle of

Salado; which had nearly proved a death…blow to the Moslem power in

Spain。

  Yusef obtained a long truce after this defeat; and now his character

shone forth in its true lustre。 He had an excellent memory; and had

stored his mind with science and erudition; his taste was altogether

elegant and refined; and he was accounted the best poet of his time。

Devoting himself to the instruction of his people and the

improvement of their morals and manners; he established schools in all

the villages; with simple and uniform systems of education; he obliged

every hamlet of more than twelve houses to have a mosque; and purified

the ceremonies of religion; and the festivals and popular

amusements; from various abuses and indecorums which had crept into

them。 He attended vigilantly to the police of the city; establishing

nocturnal guards and patrols; and superintending all municipal

concerns。 His attention was also directed towards finishing the

great architectural works commenced by his predecessors; and

erecting others on his own plans。 The Alhambra; which had been founded


by the good Alhamar; was now completed。 Yusef constructed the

beautiful Gate of Justice; forming the grand entrance to the fortress;

which he finished in 1348。 He likewise adorned many of the courts

and halls of the palace; as may be seen by the inscriptions on the

walls; in which his name repeatedly occurs。 He built also the noble

Alcazar or citadel of Malaga; now unfortunately a mere mass of

crumbling ruins; but which most probably exhibited in its interior;

similar elegance and magnificence with the Alhambra。

  The genius of a sovereign stamps a character upon his time。 The

nobles of Granada; imitating the elegant and graceful taste of

Yusef; soon filled the city of Granada with magnificent palaces; the

halls of which were paved with mosaic; the walls and ceilings

wrought in fretwork; and delicately gilded and painted with azure;

vermilion; and other brilliant colors; or minutely inlaid with cedar

and other precious woods; specimens of which have survived; in all

their lustre; the lapse of several centuries。 Many of the houses had

fountains; which threw up jets of water to refresh and cool the air。

They had lofty towers also; of wood or stone; curiously carved and

ornamented; and covered with plates of metal that glittered in the

sun。 Such was the refined and delicate taste in architecture that

prevailed among this elegant people; insomuch that to use the

beautiful simile of an Arabian writer; 〃Granada; in the days of Yusef;

was as a silver vase filled with emeralds and jacinths。〃

  One anecdote will be sufficient to show the magnanimity of this

generous prince。 The long truce which had succeeded the battle of

Salado was at an end; and every effort of Yusef to renew it was in

vain。 His deadly foe; Alfonzo XI of Castile; took the field with great

force; and laid siege to Gibraltar。 Yusef reluctantly took up arms;

and sent troops to the relief of the place。 In the midst of his

anxiety; he received tidings that his dreaded foe had suddenly

fallen a victim to the plague。 Instead of manifesting exultation on

the occasion; Yusef called to mind the great qualities of the

deceased; and was touched with a noble sorrow。 〃Alas!〃 cried he;

〃the world has lost one of its most excellent princes; a sovereign who

knew how to honor merit; whether in friend or foe!〃

  The Spanish chroniclers themselves bear witness to this magnanimity。

According to their accounts; the Moorish cavaliers partook of the

sentiment of their king; and put on mourning for the death of Alfonzo。

Even those of Gibraltar; who had been so closely invested; when they

knew that the hostile monarch lay dead in his camp; determined among

themselves that no hostile movement should be made against the

Christians。 The day on which the camp was broken up; and the army

departed bearing the corpse of Alfonzo; the Moors issued in multitudes

from Gibraltar; and stood mute and melancholy; watching the mournful

pageant。 The same reverence for the deceased was observed by all the

Moorish commanders on the frontiers; who suffered the funeral train to

pass in safety; bearing the corpse of the Christian sovereign from

Gibraltar to Seville。*



  * Y los moros que estaban en la villa y Castillo de Gibraltar

despues que sopieron que el Rey Don Alonzo era muerto; ordenaron

entresi que ninguno non fuesse osado de fazer ningun movimiento contra

los Christianos; ni mover pelear contra ellos; estovieron todos quedos

y dezian entre ellos qui aquel dia muriera un noble rey y Gran

principe 

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