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第7章

new york-第7章

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under the pressure of society in that quarter of the world; and

toward which we are fast tending by a rapid accumulation of

numbers; the present institutions of America; exercised under the

prevalent opinions of the day; could not endure a twelvemonth。

That which is now seen in France rendering real political liberty

a mere stalking…horse for the furtherance of the projects of the

boldest adventurers; would inevitably be seen here; the bayonet

alone would be relied on for the preservation of the nearest and

dearest of human rights。 There could and would be no other

security for the peace of society; and that circle of power

which; rising in the masses; ends in the sceptre of the single

despot; would once more be made as it might be in derision of all

our efforts to be free。



{now seen in France = following the French Revolution of 1848

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (1808…1873); nephew of the first Emperor

Napoleon; had been elected as President of France and was

consolidating his powerin December 1851; shortly after Cooper's

death; he would proclaim himself Emperor Napoleon III}



If the existence of nations resembled that of individuals; it

would not be difficult to foretell the consequences of this state

of things; but communities may be said to have no lives; and are

ever to be found occupying their places; and using the means

assigned to them by Providence; whether free or enslaved;

prosperous or the reverse。 No one can foretell the future of this

great country; in consequence of the extent and number of its

outlets; each a provision of Providence to put a check on

revolutions and violence。



The elements of a monarchy do not exist among us; the habits of

the entire country are opposed to the reception of such a form of

government。 Nor do we know; bad as our condition is rapidly

getting to be; strong as are the tendencies to social

dissolution; and to the abuses which demand force to subdue; that

anything would be gained by the adoption of any substitute for

the present polity of the country to be found in Europe。 The

abuses there are possibly worse than our own; and the only

question would seem to be as to the degree of suffering and wrong

to which men are compelled to submit through the infirmities of

their own nature。 There is one great advantage in the monarchical

principle; when subdued by liberal institutions; as in the case

of the government of that nation from which we are derived; which

it would seem a republic cannot possess。 We allude to the

transmission of a nominal executive power that spares the

turmoil; expense; and struggles of an election; and which answers

all the purposes of the real authorities of the State in

designating those who are to exercise the functions of rulers for

the time being。 It has often been predicted that the periodical

elections of the chief magistrate of this country will; at no

distant day; destroy the institutions。 It would be idle to deny

that the danger manifestly increases with the expedients of

factions; and that there are very grave grounds for apprehending

the worst consequences from this source of evil。 As it now is;

the working of the system has already produced a total departure

from the original intention of the Government; a scheme;

probably; that was radically defective when adopted; and which

contained the seeds of its own ruin。 Recourse to electors has

become an idle form; ponderous and awkward; and in some of its

features uselessly hazardous。 We are in the habit of comparing

the cost of government in this country with that of other nations

in the Old World。 Beyond a question; the Americans enjoy great

advantages in this important particular; owing to their exemption

from sources of expenses that weigh so heavily on those who rely

for the peace of society solely on the strong hand。 But confining

the investigation simply to the cost of Executives it may well be

questioned if we have not adopted the most expensive mode at

present known among civilized nations。 We entertain very little

doubt that the cost of a presidential election fully equals the

expenditures of the empire of Great Britain; liberal as they are

known to be; for the maintenance of the dignity of its chief

magistracy。 Nor is this the worst of it; for while much of the

civil list of a monarch is usefully employed in cherishing the

arts; and in fostering industry; to say nothing of its boons to

the dependent and meritorious in the shape of pensions; not a

dollar of the millions that are wasted every fourth year among

ourselves in the struggles of parties; can be said to be applied

to a purpose that has not a greater tendency to evil than to

good。 The simple publication of documents; perhaps; may form some

exception to these abuses; but even they are so much filled with

falsehoods; fallacies; audacious historical misstatements;

exaggerations; and every other abuse; naturally connected with

such struggles; that we are compelled to yield them our respect

and credulity with large allowances for caution and truth。 Were

this the place; and did our limits permit; we would gladly pursue

this subject; for so completely has the hurrah of popular sway

looked down everything like real freedom in the discussion of

such a topic as to render the voice of dissent almost unknown to

us。 But our purpose is merely to show what probable effects are

to flow from the abuses of the institutions on the growth of the

great commercial mart of which we are writing。



{recourse to electors = the Electoral College}



We certainly think that even the looseness of law; legislation;

and justice; that is so widely spreading itself over the land; is

not exactly unsuited to sustain the rapid settlement of a

country。 No doubt men accomplish more in the earlier stages of

society when perfectly unfettered; than when brought under the

control of those principles and regulations which alone can

render society permanently secure or happy。 In this sense even

the abuses to which we have slightly alluded may be tolerated;

which it would be impossible to endure when the class of the

needy become formidable from its numbers; and they who had no

other stake in society than their naked assistance; could combine

to transfer the fruits of the labors of the more industrious and

successful to themselves by a simple recurrence to the use of the

ballot box。 We do not say that such is to be the fate of this

country; for the great results that seem to be dependent on its

settlement raise a hope that the hand of Providence may yet guide

us in safety through the period of delusion; and the reign of

political fallacies; which is fast drawing around us。 Evil is so

much mixed with good in all the interests of life; that it would

be bold to pretend to predict consequences of such magnitude in

the history of any nation。 But we feel persuaded that radical

changes must speedily come; either from the powerful but

invisible control of that Being who effects his own purposes in

his own wise ways; or the time is much nearer than is ordinarily

supposed when the very existence of the political institutions of

this country are to be brought to the test of the severest

practical experiment。 The downward tendency can hardly proceed

much further with the smallest necessary security to the rights

of civilized men。 When a legislative body can be brought solemnly

to decide by its vote that because the principles of law leave

them the control of the rules for the descent of property;

therefore; whenever a landlord may happen to die; his tenant

shall have the privilege of converting his leasehold estate into

a fee on which the debt is secured in the shape of mortgage;

there is little left in the way of security to the affluent and

unrepresented。 They must unite their means to prevent

destruction; and woe to that land which gives so plausible an

excuse to the rich and intelligent for combining their means to

overt

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