areopagitica-第9章
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honest quaestorship had endeared to the Sicilians was not more by
them importuned against Verres; than the favourable opinion which
I had among many who honour ye; and are known and respected by ye;
loaded me with entreaties and persuasions; that I would not despair
to lay together that which just reason should bring into my mind;
toward the removal of an undeserved thraldom upon learning。 That
this is not therefore the disburdening of a particular fancy; but
the common grievance of all those who had prepared their minds and
studies above the vulgar pitch to advance truth in others; and from
others to entertain it; thus much may satisfy。
And in their name I shall for neither friend nor foe conceal what
the general murmur is; that if it come to inquisitioning again and
licensing; and that we are so timorous of ourselves; and so
suspicious of all men; as to fear each book and the shaking of
every leaf; before we know what the contents are; if some who but
of late were little better than silenced from preaching shall come
now to silence us from reading; except what they please; it cannot
be guessed what is intended by some but a second tyranny over
learning: and will soon put it out of controversy; that bishops and
presbyters are the same to us; both name and thing。 That those
evils of prelaty; which before from five or six and twenty sees
were distributively charged upon the whole people; will now light
wholly upon learning; is not obscure to us: whenas now the pastor
of a small unlearned parish on the sudden shall be exalted
archbishop over a large diocese of books; and yet not remove; but
keep his other cure too; a mystical pluralist。 He who but of late
cried down the sole ordination of every novice Bachelor of Art; and
denied sole jurisdiction over the simplest parishioner; shall now
at home in his private chair assume both these over worthiest and
excellentest books and ablest authors that write them。
This is not; ye Covenants and Protestations that we have made!
this is not to put down prelaty; this is but to chop an episcopacy;
this is but to translate the Palace Metropolitan from one kind of
dominion into another; this is but an old canonical sleight of
commuting our penance。 To startle thus betimes at a mere
unlicensed pamphlet will after a while be afraid of every
conventicle; and a while after will make a conventicle of every
Christian meeting。 But I am certain that a State governed by the
rules of justice and fortitude; or a Church built and founded upon
the rock of faith and true knowledge; cannot be so pusillanimous。
While things are yet not constituted in religion; that freedom of
writing should be restrained by a discipline imitated from the
prelates and learnt by them from the Inquisition; to shut us up all
again into the breast of a licenser; must needs give cause of doubt
and discouragement to all learned and religious men。
Who cannot but discern the fineness of this politic drift; and
who are the contrivers; that while bishops were to be baited down;
then all presses might be open; it was the people's birthright and
privilege in time of Parliament; it was the breaking forth of
light。 But now; the bishops abrogated and voided out of the
Church; as if our Reformation sought no more but to make room for
others into their seats under another name; the episcopal arts
begin to bud again; the cruse of truth must run no more oil;
liberty of printing must be enthralled again under a prelatical
commission of twenty; the privilege of the people nullified; and;
which is worse; the freedom of learning must groan again; and to
her old fetters: all this the Parliament yet sitting。 Although
their own late arguments and defences against the prelates might
remember them; that this obstructing violence meets for the most
part with an event utterly opposite to the end which it drives at:
instead of suppressing sects and schisms; it raises them and
invests them with a reputation。 The punishing of wits enhances
their authority; saith the Viscount St。 Albans; and a forbidden
writing is thought to be a certain spark of truth that flies up in
the faces of them who seek to tread it out。 This Order;
therefore; may prove a nursing…mother to sects; but I shall easily
show how it will be a step…dame to Truth: and first by disenabling
us to the maintenance of what is known already。
Well knows he who uses to consider; that our faith and knowledge
thrives by exercise; as well as our limbs and complexion。 Truth is
compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow
not in a perpetual progression; they sicken into a muddy pool of
conformity and tradition。 A man may be a heretic in the truth; and
if he believe things only because his pastor says so; or the
Assembly so determines; without knowing other reason; though his
belief be true; yet the very truth he holds becomes his heresy。
There is not any burden that some would gladlier post off to
another than the charge and care of their religion。 There bewho
knows not that there be?of Protestants and professors who live
and die in as arrant an implicit faith as any lay Papist of
Loretto。 A wealthy man; addicted to his pleasure and to his
profits; finds religion to be a traffic so entangled; and of so
many piddling accounts; that of all mysteries he cannot skill to
keep a stock going upon that trade。 What should he do? fain he
would have the name to be religious; fain he would bear up with his
neighbours in that。 What does he therefore; but resolves to give
over toiling; and to find himself out some factor; to whose care
and credit he may commit the whole managing of his religious
affairs; some divine of note and estimation that must be。 To him
he adheres; resigns the whole warehouse of his religion; with all
the locks and keys; into his custody; and indeed makes the very
person of that man his religion; esteems his associating with him
a sufficient evidence and commendatory of his own piety。 So that
a man may say his religion is now no more within himself; but is
become a dividual movable; and goes and comes near him; according
as that good man frequents the house。 He entertains him; gives him
gifts; feasts him; lodges him; his religion comes home at night;
prays; is liberally supped; and sumptuously laid to sleep; rises;
is saluted; and after the malmsey; or some well…spiced brewage; and
better breakfasted than he whose morning appetite would have gladly
fed on green figs between Bethany and Jerusalem; his religion walks
abroad at eight; and leaves his kind entertainer in the shop
trading all day without his religion。
Another sort there be who; when they hear that all things shall
be ordered; all things regulated and settled; nothing written but
what passes through the custom…house of certain publicans that have
the tonnaging and poundaging of all free…spoken truth; will
straight give themselves up into your hands; make 'em and cut 'em
out what religion ye please: there be delights; there be
recreations and jolly pastimes that will fetch the day about from
sun to sun; and rock the tedious year as in a delightful dream。
What need they torture their heads with that which others have
taken so strictly and so unalterably into their own purveying?
These are the fruits which a dull ease and cessation of our
knowledge will bring forth among the people。 How goodly and how to
be wished were such an obedient unanimity as this; what a fine
conformity would it starch us all into! Doubtless a staunch and
solid piece of framework; as any January could freeze together。
Nor much better will be the consequence even among the clergy
themselves。 It is no new thing never heard of before; for a
parochial minister; who has his reward and is at his Hercules'
pillars in a warm benefice; to be easily inclinable; if he have
nothing else that may rouse up his studies; to finish his circuit
in an Engli