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ust¡¡find¡¡the¡¡answers¡£¡¡They¡¡illustrate¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡big¡¡jobs¡¡that¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡has¡¡to¡¡offer¡¡to¡¡an¡¡ambitious¡¡and¡¡gifted¡¡young¡¡man¡¡of¡¡to¡­day¡£

¡¨The¡¡problems¡¡never¡¡were¡¡as¡¡large¡¡or¡¡as¡¡complex¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡right¡¡now£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡J¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡Carty£»¡¡the¡¡chief¡¡of¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡engineers¡£¡¡The¡¡eternal¡¡struggle¡¡remains¡¡between¡¡the¡¡large¡¡and¡¡little¡¡ideasbetween¡¡the¡¡men¡¡who¡¡see¡¡what¡¡might¡¡be¡¡and¡¡the¡¡men¡¡who¡¡only¡¡see¡¡what¡¡IS¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡still¡¡the¡¡race¡¡to¡¡break¡¡records¡£¡¡Already¡¡the¡¡girl¡¡at¡¡the¡¡switchboard¡¡can¡¡find¡¡the¡¡person¡¡wanted¡¡in¡¡thirty¡¡seconds¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡one¡­tenth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡time¡¡that¡¡was¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡the¡¡early¡¡centrals£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡still¡¡too¡¡long¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡one¡­half¡¡of¡¡a¡¡valuable¡¡minute¡£¡¡It¡¡must¡¡be¡¡cut¡¡to¡¡twenty¡­five¡¡seconds£»¡¡or¡¡twenty¡¡or¡¡fifteen¡£

There¡¡is¡¡still¡¡the¡¡inventors'¡¡battle¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡miles¡£¡¡The¡¡distance¡¡over¡¡which¡¡conversations¡¡can¡¡be¡¡held¡¡has¡¡been¡¡increased¡¡from¡¡twenty¡¡miles¡¡to¡¡twenty¡­five¡¡hundred¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡is¡¡not¡¡far¡¡enough¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡some¡¡civilized¡¡human¡¡beings¡¡who¡¡are¡¡twelve¡¡thousand¡¡miles¡¡apart£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡have¡¡interests¡¡in¡¡common¡£¡¡During¡¡the¡¡Boxer¡¡Rebellion¡¡in¡¡China£»¡¡for¡¡instance£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡Americans¡¡in¡¡Peking¡¡who¡¡would¡¡gladly¡¡have¡¡given¡¡half¡¡of¡¡their¡¡fortune¡¡for¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pair¡¡of¡¡wires¡¡to¡¡New¡¡York¡£

In¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡days¡¡of¡¡the¡¡telephone£»¡¡Bell¡¡was¡¡fond¡¡of¡¡prophesying¡¡that¡¡¡¨the¡¡time¡¡will¡¡come¡¡when¡¡we¡¡will¡¡talk¡¡across¡¡the¡¡Atlantic¡¡Ocean¡¨£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡was¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡a¡¡poetical¡¡fancy¡¡until¡¡Pupin¡¡invented¡¡his¡¡method¡¡of¡¡automatically¡¡propelling¡¡the¡¡electric¡¡current¡£¡¡Since¡¡then¡¡the¡¡most¡¡conservative¡¡engineer¡¡will¡¡discuss¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡transatlantic¡¡telephony¡£¡¡And¡¡as¡¡for¡¡the¡¡poets£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡now¡¡dreaming¡¡of¡¡the¡¡time¡¡when¡¡a¡¡man¡¡may¡¡speak¡¡and¡¡hear¡¡his¡¡own¡¡voice¡¡come¡¡back¡¡to¡¡him¡¡around¡¡the¡¡world¡£

The¡¡immediate¡¡long¡­distance¡¡problem¡¡is£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡from¡¡New¡¡York¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Pacific¡£¡¡The¡¡two¡¡oceans¡¡are¡¡now¡¡only¡¡three¡¡and¡¡a¡¡half¡¡days¡¡apart¡¡by¡¡rail¡£¡¡Seattle¡¡is¡¡clamoring¡¡for¡¡a¡¡wire¡¡to¡¡the¡¡East¡£¡¡San¡¡Diego¡¡wants¡¡one¡¡in¡¡time¡¡for¡¡her¡¡Panama¡¡Canal¡¡Exposition¡¡in¡¡1915¡£¡¡The¡¡wires¡¡are¡¡already¡¡strung¡¡to¡¡San¡¡Francisco£»¡¡but¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡used¡¡in¡¡the¡¡present¡¡stage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art¡£¡¡And¡¡Vail's¡¡captains¡¡are¡¡working¡¡now¡¡with¡¡almost¡¡breathless¡¡haste¡¡to¡¡give¡¡him¡¡a¡¡birthday¡¡present¡¡of¡¡a¡¡talk¡¡across¡¡the¡¡continent¡¡from¡¡his¡¡farm¡¡in¡¡Vermont¡£

¡¨I¡¡can¡¡see¡¡a¡¡universal¡¡system¡¡of¡¡telephony¡¡for¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡in¡¡the¡¡very¡¡near¡¡future£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Carty¡£¡¡¡¨There¡¡is¡¡a¡¡statue¡¡of¡¡Seward¡¡standing¡¡in¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡streets¡¡of¡¡Seattle¡£¡¡The¡¡inscription¡¡upon¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡¡®To¡¡a¡¡United¡¡Country¡£'¡¡But¡¡as¡¡an¡¡Easterner¡¡stands¡¡there£»¡¡he¡¡feels¡¡the¡¡isolation¡¡of¡¡that¡¡Far¡¡Western¡¡State£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡will¡¡always¡¡feel¡¡it£»¡¡until¡¡he¡¡can¡¡talk¡¡from¡¡one¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡For¡¡my¡¡part£»¡¨¡¡con¡­¡¡tinues¡¡Carty£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡believe¡¡we¡¡will¡¡talk¡¡across¡¡continents¡¡and¡¡across¡¡oceans¡£¡¡Why¡¡not£¿¡¡Are¡¡there¡¡not¡¡more¡¡cells¡¡in¡¡one¡¡human¡¡body¡¡than¡¡there¡¡are¡¡people¡¡in¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡earth£¿¡¨

Some¡¡future¡¡Carty¡¡may¡¡solve¡¡the¡¡abandoned¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡the¡¡single¡¡wire£»¡¡and¡¡cut¡¡the¡¡copper¡¡bill¡¡in¡¡two¡¡by¡¡restoring¡¡the¡¡grounded¡¡circuit¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡transmit¡¡vision¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡speech¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡perfect¡¡a¡¡third¡­rail¡¡system¡¡for¡¡use¡¡on¡¡moving¡¡trains¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡conceive¡¡of¡¡an¡¡ideal¡¡insulating¡¡material¡¡to¡¡supersede¡¡glass£»¡¡mica£»¡¡paper£»¡¡and¡¡enamel¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡establish¡¡a¡¡universal¡¡code£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡all¡¡persons¡¡of¡¡importance¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡call¡­numbers¡¡by¡¡which¡¡they¡¡may¡¡instantly¡¡be¡¡located£»¡¡as¡¡books¡¡are¡¡in¡¡a¡¡library¡£

Some¡¡other¡¡young¡¡man¡¡may¡¡create¡¡a¡¡commercial¡¡department¡¡on¡¡wide¡¡lines£»¡¡a¡¡work¡¡which¡¡telephone¡¡men¡¡have¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡been¡¡too¡¡specialized¡¡to¡¡do¡£¡¡Whoever¡¡does¡¡this¡¡will¡¡be¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡comprehensive¡¡brain¡£¡¡He¡¡will¡¡be¡¡as¡¡closely¡¡in¡¡touch¡¡with¡¡the¡¡average¡¡man¡¡as¡¡with¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡telephony¡£¡¡He¡¡will¡¡know¡¡the¡¡gossip¡¡of¡¡the¡¡street£»¡¡the¡¡demands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡labor¡¡unions£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡policies¡¡of¡¡governors¡¡and¡¡presidents¡£¡¡The¡¡psy¡­¡¡chology¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Western¡¡farmer¡¡will¡¡concern¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡tone¡¡of¡¡the¡¡daily¡¡press£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡department¡¡stores¡£¡¡It¡¡will¡¡be¡¡his¡¡aim¡¡to¡¡know¡¡the¡¡subtle¡¡chemistry¡¡of¡¡public¡¡opinion£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡adapt¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡service¡¡to¡¡the¡¡shifting¡¡moods¡¡and¡¡necessities¡¡of¡¡the¡¡times¡£¡¡HE¡¡WILL¡¡FIT¡¡TELEPHONY¡¡LIKE¡¡A¡¡GARMENT¡¡AROUND¡¡THE¡¡HABITS¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡PEOPLE¡£

Also£»¡¡now¡¡that¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡business¡¡has¡¡become¡¡strong£»¡¡its¡¡next¡¡anxiety¡¡must¡¡be¡¡to¡¡develop¡¡the¡¡virtues£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡the¡¡defects£»¡¡of¡¡strength¡£¡¡Its¡¡motto¡¡must¡¡be¡¡¡¨Ich¡¡dien¡¨I¡¡serve£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡the¡¡work¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡¡statesmen¡¡of¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡to¡¡illustrate¡¡this¡¡motto¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡practical¡¡variations¡£¡¡They¡¡will¡¡cater¡¡and¡¡explain£»¡¡and¡¡explain¡¡and¡¡cater¡£¡¡They¡¡will¡¡educate¡¡and¡¡educate£»¡¡until¡¡they¡¡have¡¡created¡¡an¡¡expert¡¡public¡£¡¡They¡¡will¡¡teach¡¡by¡¡pictures¡¡and¡¡lectures¡¡and¡¡exhibitions¡£¡¡They¡¡will¡¡have¡¡charts¡¡and¡¡diagrams¡¡hung¡¡in¡¡the¡¡telephone¡¡booths£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡person¡¡who¡¡is¡¡waiting¡¡for¡¡a¡¡call¡¡may¡¡learn¡¡a¡¡little¡¡and¡¡pass¡¡the¡¡time¡¡more¡¡pleasantly¡£¡¡They¡¡will£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡attend¡¡to¡¡those¡¡innumerable¡¡trifles¡¡that¡¡make¡¡the¡¡perfection¡¡of¡¡public¡¡service¡£

Already¡¡the¡¡Bell¡¡System¡¡has¡¡gone¡¡far¡¡in¡¡this¡¡direction¡¡by¡¡organizing¡¡what¡¡might¡¡fairly¡¡be¡¡called¡¡a¡¡foresight¡¡department¡£¡¡Here¡¡is¡¡where¡¡the¡¡fortune¡­tellers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡business¡¡sit¡£¡¡When¡¡new¡¡lines¡¡or¡¡exchanges¡¡are¡¡to¡¡be¡¡built£»¡¡these¡¡men¡¡study¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡with¡¡an¡¡eye¡¡to¡¡the¡¡future¡£¡¡They¡¡prepare¡¡a¡¡¡¨fundamental¡¡plan£»¡¨¡¡outlining¡¡what¡¡may¡¡reasonably¡¡be¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡happen¡¡in¡¡fifteen¡¡or¡¡twenty¡¡years¡£¡¡Invariably¡¡they¡¡are¡¡optimists¡£¡¡They¡¡make¡¡provision¡¡for¡¡growth£»¡¡but¡¡none¡¡at¡¡all¡¡for¡¡shrinkage¡£¡¡By¡¡their¡¡advice£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡now¡¡twenty¡­five¡¡million¡¡dollars'¡¡worth¡¡of¡¡reserve¡¡plant¡¡in¡¡the¡¡various¡¡Bell¡¡Companies£»¡¡waiting¡¡for¡¡the¡¡country¡¡to¡¡grow¡¡up¡¡to¡¡it¡£¡¡Even¡¡in¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡one¡­half¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cable¡¡ducts¡¡are¡¡empty£»¡¡in¡¡expectation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greater¡¡city¡¡of¡¡eight¡¡million¡¡population¡¡which¡¡is¡¡scheduled¡¡to¡¡arrive¡¡in¡¡1928¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡perhaps¡¡few¡¡more¡¡impressive¡¡evidences¡¡of¡¡practical¡¡optimism¡¡and¡¡confidence¡¡than¡¡a¡¡new¡¡telephone¡¡exchange£»¡¡with¡¡two¡­thirds¡¡of¡¡its¡¡wires¡¡waiting¡¡for¡¡the¡¡business¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡£

Eventually£»¡¡this¡¡foresight¡¡department¡¡will¡¡expand¡£¡¡It¡¡may£»¡¡if¡¡a¡¡leader¡¡of¡¡genius¡¡appear£»¡¡become¡¡the¡¡first¡¡real¡¡corps¡¡of¡¡practical¡¡sociologists£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡substitute¡¡facts¡¡for¡¡the¡¡present¡¡hotch¡­potch¡¡of¡¡theories¡£¡¡It¡¡will¡¡prepare¡¡a¡¡¡¨fundamental¡¡plan¡¨¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡showing¡¡the¡¡centre¡¡of¡¡each¡¡industry¡¡and¡¡the¡¡main¡¡runways¡¡of¡¡traffic¡£¡¡It¡¡will¡¡act¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡basic¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡WHEREVER¡¡THERE¡¡IS¡¡INTERDEPENDENCE£»¡¡THERE¡¡IS¡¡BOUND¡¡TO¡¡BE¡¡TELEPHONY£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡will¡¡therefore¡¡prepare¡¡maps¡¡of¡¡interdependence£»¡¡showing¡¡the¡¡widely¡¡scattered¡¡groups¡¡of¡¡industry¡¡and¡¡finance£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lines¡¡that¡¡weave¡¡them¡¡into¡¡a¡¡pattern¡¡of¡¡national¡¡cooperation¡£

As¡¡yet£»¡¡no¡¡nation£»¡¡not¡¡even¡¡our¡¡own£»¡¡has¡¡seen¡¡the¡¡full¡¡value¡¡of¡¡the¡¡long¡­distance¡¡telephone¡£¡¡Few¡¡have¡¡the¡¡imagination¡¡to¡¡see¡¡what¡¡has¡¡been¡¡made¡¡possible£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡realize¡¡that¡¡an¡¡actual¡¡face¡­¡¡to¡­face¡¡conversation¡¡may¡¡take¡¡place£»¡¡even¡¡though¡¡there¡¡be¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡miles¡¡between¡£¡¡Neither¡¡can¡¡it¡¡seem¡¡credible¡¡that¡¡a¡¡man¡¡in¡¡a¡¡distant¡¡city¡¡may¡¡be¡¡located¡¡as¡¡readily¡¡as¡¡though¡¡he¡¡were¡¡close¡¡at¡¡hand¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡too¡¡amazing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¡and¡¡possibly¡¡a¡¡new¡¡generation¡¡will¡¡have¡¡to¡¡arrive¡¡before¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡for¡¡granted¡¡and¡¡acted¡¡upon¡¡freely¡£¡¡Ultimately£»¡¡there¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡long¡­distance¡¡telephony¡¡will¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡a¡¡national¡¡asset¡¡of¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡value£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡it¡¡can¡¡prevent¡¡so¡¡much¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enormous¡¡economic¡¡waste¡¡of¡¡travel¡£

Nothing¡¡that¡¡science¡¡can¡¡say¡¡will¡¡ever¡¡decrease¡¡the¡¡marvel¡¡of¡¡a¡¡long¡­distance¡¡conversation£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡may¡¡come¡¡in¡¡the¡¡future¡¡an¡¡Interpreter¡¡who¡¡will¡¡put¡¡it¡¡before¡¡our¡¡eyes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡a¡¡moving¡­picture¡£¡¡He¡¡will¡¡enable¡¡us¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡flying¡¡words¡¡in¡¡a¡¡talk¡¡from¡¡Boston¡¡to¡¡Denver¡£¡¡We¡¡will¡¡flash¡¡first¡¡to¡¡Worcester£»¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡on¡¡the¡¡high¡¡bridge¡¡at¡¡Poughkeepsie£»¡¡swing¡¡southwest¡¡through¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡coal¡¡towns¡¡to¡¡the¡¡outskirts¡¡of¡¡Philadelphia£»¡¡leap¡¡across¡¡the¡¡Susquehanna£»¡¡zigzag¡¡up¡¡and¡¡down¡¡the¡¡Alleghenies¡¡into¡¡the¡¡murk¡¡of¡¡Pittsburg£»¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Ohio¡¡at¡¡Wheeling£»¡¡glance¡¡past¡¡Columbus¡¡and¡¡Indianapolis£»¡¡over¡¡the¡¡Wabash¡¡at¡¡Terre¡¡Haute£»¡¡into¡¡St¡£¡¡Louis¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Eads¡¡bridge£»¡¡through¡¡Kansas¡¡City£»¡¡across¡¡the¡¡Missouri£»¡¡along¡¡the¡¡corn¡­fields¡¡of¡¡Kansas£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡ononon¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Sante¡¡Fe¡¡Railway£»¡¡across¡¡vast¡¡plains¡¡and¡¡past¡¡the¡¡brink¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Grand¡¡Canyon£»¡¡to¡¡Pueblo¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lofty¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Denver¡£¡¡Twenty¡­five¡¡hundred¡¡miles¡¡along¡¡a¡¡thousand¡¡tons¡¡of¡¡copper¡¡wire£¡¡¡From¡¡Bunker¡¡Hill¡¡to¡¡Pike's¡¡Peak¡¡IN¡¡A¡¡SECOND£¡

Herbert¡¡Spencer£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡autobiography£»¡¡alludes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡impressive¡¡fac

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