russia in 1919(1919µÄ¶í¹ú)-µÚ3ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
time¡¡I¡¡was¡¡sorry¡¡for¡¡the¡¡five¡¡children¡¡who¡¡were¡¡with¡¡us£»¡¡knowing¡¡that¡¡a¡¡
country¡¡¡¡¡¡simultaneously¡¡¡¡¡¡suffering¡¡¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡¡¡blockade¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
good¡¡place¡¡for¡¡childhood¡£¡¡But¡¡they¡¡had¡¡caught¡¡the¡¡mood¡¡of¡¡their¡¡parents£»¡¡
revolutionaries¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡trotted¡¡¡¡¡¡excitedly¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡
and¡¡down¡¡the¡¡carriage¡¡or¡¡anchored¡¡themselves¡¡momentarily£»¡¡first¡¡on¡¡one¡¡
person's¡¡knee¡¡and¡¡then¡¡on¡¡another's¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡dusk¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡reached¡¡¡¡¡¡Petrograd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Finland¡¡¡¡¡¡Station£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
course£»¡¡was¡¡nearly¡¡deserted£»¡¡but¡¡here¡¡there¡¡were¡¡four¡¡porters£»¡¡who¡¡charged¡¡
two¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡fifty¡¡roubles¡¡for¡¡¡¡shifting¡¡the¡¡luggage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡party¡¡¡¡from¡¡
one¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡platform¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡ourselves¡¡¡¡¡¡loaded¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
motor¡¡lorry¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡us£»¡¡as¡¡at¡¡Bieloostrov¡¡we¡¡had¡¡loaded¡¡it¡¡into¡¡the¡¡van¡£¡¡
There¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡wait¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡rooms¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡allotted¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
various¡¡¡¡¡¡hotels£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡walked¡¡¡¡¡¡outside¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡station¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
question¡¡people¡¡about¡¡the¡¡mutiny¡¡and¡¡the¡¡bombardment¡¡of¡¡which¡¡we¡¡had¡¡
heard¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Finland¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nobody¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
rooms¡¡were¡¡allotted¡¡and¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡been¡¡lucky¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡get¡¡one¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡Astoria£»¡¡I¡¡drove¡¡off¡¡across¡¡the¡¡frozen¡¡river¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Liteini¡¡Bridge¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
trams¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡running¡£¡¡The¡¡town¡¡¡¡¡¡seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡absolutely¡¡¡¡quiet£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡down¡¡
the¡¡river¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡once¡¡again¡¡in¡¡the¡¡dark£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡never¡¡quite¡¡dark¡¡because¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡snow£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡dim¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shape¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fortress£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
landmarks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡six¡¡¡¡years¡the¡¡
Summer¡¡Garden£»¡¡the¡¡British¡¡Embassy£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡great¡¡Palace¡¡Square¡¡where¡¡I¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡armoured¡¡¡¡¡¡cars¡¡¡¡¡¡flaunting¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡July¡¡¡¡¡¡rising£»¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡
camping¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hysterical¡¡¡¡¡¡days¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Kornilov¡¡¡¡¡¡affair¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡earlier£»¡¡
Kornilov¡¡himself¡¡reviewing¡¡the¡¡Junkers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡My¡¡mind¡¡went¡¡further¡¡back¡¡to¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡March¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡saw¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡picket¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
revolutionaries¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡corner¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡night¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡remains¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Tzar's¡¡
Government¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡frantically¡¡¡¡¡¡printing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proclamations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ordering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
people¡¡to¡¡go¡¡home£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡very¡¡moment¡¡while¡¡they¡¡themselves¡¡were¡¡being¡¡
besieged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Admiralty¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡it¡¡flung¡¡itself¡¡further¡¡back¡¡still£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
day¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡declaration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡saw¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡square¡¡¡¡¡¡filled¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
people£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡Tzar¡¡came¡¡out¡¡for¡¡a¡¡moment¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Palace¡¡balcony¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡9¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
that¡¡time¡¡we¡¡were¡¡pulling¡¡up¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Astoria¡¡and¡¡I¡¡had¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡to¡¡
something¡¡else¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Astoria¡¡is¡¡now¡¡a¡¡bare¡¡barrack¡¡of¡¡a¡¡place£»¡¡but¡¡comparatively¡¡clean¡£¡¡
During¡¡the¡¡war¡¡and¡¡the¡¡first¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡revolution¡¡it¡¡was¡¡tenanted¡¡chiefly¡¡
by¡¡officers£»¡¡and¡¡owing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡idiocy¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡of¡¡these¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
first¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡shooting¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡¡¡friendly¡¡¡¡crowd¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
sailors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡object¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡invite¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
officers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡join¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡badly¡¡¡¡¡¡smashed¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡resulting¡¡
scrimmage¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡remember¡¡with¡¡Major¡¡Scale¡¡fixing¡¡up¡¡a¡¡paper¡¡announcing¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Bagdad¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡night¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡happened¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡night¡¡
before¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡People¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rushed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡thinking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡news¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
revolution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡impatiently¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡damage¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
repaired£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡red¡¡¡¡¡¡carpets¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡gone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡banners£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡electric¡¡¡¡¡¡lights¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡burning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
shortage¡¡in¡¡electricity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡got¡¡my¡¡luggage¡¡upstairs¡¡to¡¡a¡¡very¡¡pleasant¡¡room¡¡
on¡¡the¡¡fourth¡¡floor¡£¡¡Every¡¡floor¡¡of¡¡that¡¡hotel¡¡had¡¡its¡¡memories¡¡for¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡
this¡¡¡¡¡¡room¡¡¡¡¡¡lived¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡brave¡¡¡¡¡¡reactionary¡¡¡¡¡¡officer¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡boasted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
made¡¡a¡¡raid¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Bolsheviks¡¡and¡¡showed¡¡little¡¡Madame¡¡Kollontai's¡¡hat¡¡
as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡trophy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡listen¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Perceval¡¡¡¡¡¡Gibbon¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡
talking¡¡about¡¡how¡¡to¡¡write¡¡short¡¡stories¡¡and¡¡having¡¡influenza¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡
the¡¡room¡¡where¡¡Miss¡¡Beatty¡¡used¡¡to¡¡give¡¡tea¡¡to¡¡tired¡¡revolutionaries¡¡and¡¡to¡¡
still¡¡more¡¡tired¡¡enquirers¡¡into¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡revolution¡¡while¡¡she¡¡wrote¡¡the¡¡
only¡¡¡¡¡¡book¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡appeared¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gives¡¡¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡true¡¡
impresionist¡¡picture¡¡of¡¡those¡¡unforgettable¡¡days¡£*¡¡£§£¨*£©¡¨The¡¡Red¡¡Heart¡¡of¡¡
Russia¡£¡¨£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Close¡¡by¡¡was¡¡the¡¡room¡¡where¡¡poor¡¡Denis¡¡Garstin¡¡used¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡hunting¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡when¡¡the¡¡war¡¡should¡¡come¡¡to¡¡an¡¡end¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡enquired¡¡for¡¡a¡¡meal£»¡¡and¡¡found¡¡that¡¡no¡¡food¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡had¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
hotel£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡could¡¡supply¡¡hot¡¡water¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then£»¡¡to¡¡get¡¡an¡¡appetite¡¡for¡¡sleep£»¡¡
I¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡short¡¡¡¡¡¡walk£»¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
nothing¡¡but¡¡an¡¡English¡¡passport£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡no¡¡papers¡¡to¡¡show¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡any¡¡
right¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡foreigners£»¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡promised¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡
papers¡¡but¡¡had¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡received¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡went¡¡round¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Regina£»¡¡which¡¡
used¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡hotels¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡town£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
rooms¡¡there¡¡were¡¡complaining¡¡so¡¡bitterly¡¡that¡¡I¡¡did¡¡not¡¡stay¡¡with¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡10¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
went¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡along¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Moika¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Nevsky¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡hotel¡£¡¡
The¡¡streets£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡hotel£»¡¡were¡¡only¡¡half¡¡lit£»¡¡and¡¡hardly¡¡any¡¡of¡¡the¡¡houses¡¡
had¡¡a¡¡lighted¡¡window¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡old¡¡sheepskin¡¡coat¡¡I¡¡had¡¡worn¡¡on¡¡the¡¡front¡¡
and¡¡in¡¡my¡¡high¡¡fur¡¡hat£»¡¡I¡¡felt¡¡like¡¡some¡¡ghost¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡regime¡¡visiting¡¡a¡¡
town¡¡long¡¡dead¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡silence¡¡and¡¡emptiness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡streets¡¡contributed¡¡to¡¡
this¡¡effect¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Still£»¡¡the¡¡few¡¡people¡¡I¡¡met¡¡or¡¡passed¡¡were¡¡talking¡¡cheerfully¡¡
together¡¡and¡¡the¡¡rare¡¡¡¡¡¡sledges¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡motors¡¡had¡¡comparatively¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡roads£»¡¡
the¡¡streets¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡certainly¡¡¡¡better¡¡¡¡¡¡swept¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡cleaned¡¡than¡¡they¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
since¡¡the¡¡last¡¡winter¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Russian¡¡Empire¡£¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡11¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SMOLNI¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Early¡¡in¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡I¡¡got¡¡tea£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡bread¡¡card¡¡on¡¡which¡¡I¡¡was¡¡given¡¡a¡¡
very¡¡small¡¡allowance¡¡of¡¡brown¡¡bread£»¡¡noticeably¡¡better¡¡in¡¡quality¡¡than¡¡the¡¡
compound¡¡of¡¡clay¡¡and¡¡straw¡¡which¡¡made¡¡me¡¡ill¡¡in¡¡Moscow¡¡last¡¡summer¡£¡¡
Then¡¡I¡¡went¡¡to¡¡find¡¡Litvinov£»¡¡and¡¡set¡¡out¡¡with¡¡him¡¡to¡¡walk¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Smolni¡¡
institute£»¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡daughters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡aristocracy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
headquarters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡headquarters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡¡
Government£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡finally£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Government's¡¡¡¡¡¡evacuation¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Moscow£»¡¡
bequeathed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Northern¡¡¡¡¡¡Commune¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Petrograd¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
town£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡daylight£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡deserted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡obvious¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
¡¨unloading¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Petrograd¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡population£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unsuccessfully¡¡
attempted¡¡during¡¡the¡¡Kerensky¡¡regime£»¡¡had¡¡been¡¡accomplished¡¡to¡¡a¡¡large¡¡
extent¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡has¡¡been¡¡partly¡¡the¡¡result¡¡of¡¡famine¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡stoppage¡¡of¡¡
factories£»¡¡which¡¡in¡¡its¡¡turn¡¡is¡¡due¡¡to¡¡the¡¡impossibility¡¡of¡¡bringing¡¡fuel¡¡and¡¡
raw¡¡¡¡¡¡material¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Petrograd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Russian¡¡¡¡¡¡factory¡¡
hands¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡countries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡lost¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡connection¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
native¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡villages¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡considerable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡annual¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡migration¡¡
backwards¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡forwards¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡