north america-1-第83章
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g very different ground from that on which stand those less extensive philanthropists who exert themselves for the benefit of distressed needlewomen； for instance； or for the alleviation of the more bitter misery of governesses。 The two questions are in fact absolutely antagonistic to each other。 The rights…of…women advocate is doing his best to create that position for women from the possible misfortunes of which the friend of the needlewomen is struggling to relieve them。 The one is endeavoring to throw work from off the shoulders of men on to the shoulders of women； and the other is striving to lessen the burden which women are already bearing。 Of course it is good to relieve distress in individual cases。 That Song of the Shirt； which I regard as poetry of the immortal kind； has done an amount of good infinitely wider than poor Hood ever ventured to hope。 Of all such efforts I would speak not only with respect； but with loving admiration。 But of those whose efforts are made to spread work more widely among womento call upon them to make for us our watches； to print our books； to sit at our desks as clerks and to add up our accountsmuch as I may respect the individual operators in such a movement； I can express no admiration for their judgment。 I have seen women with ropes round their necks drawing a harrow over plowed ground。 No one will； I suppose； say that they approve of that。 But it would not have shocked me to see men drawing a harrow。 I should have thought it slow； unprofitable work； but my feelings would not have been hurt。 There must； therefore； be some limit； but if we men teach ourselves to believe that work is good for women； where is the limit to be drawn； and who shall draw it？ It is true that there is now no actually defined limit。 There is much work that is commonly open to both sexes。 Personal domestic attendance is so； and the attendance in shops。 The use of the needle is shared between men and women； and few； I take it； know where the seamstress ends and where the tailor begins。 In many trades a woman can be； and very often is； the owner and manager of the business。 Painting is as much open to women as to men； as also is literature。 There can be no defined limit； but nevertheless there is at present a quasi limit； which the rights…of…women advocates wish to move； and so to move that women shall do more work and not less。 A woman now could not well be a cab…driver in London； but are these advocates sure that no woman will be a cab… driver when success has attended their efforts？ And would they like to see a woman driving a cab？ For my part； I confess I do not like to see a woman acting as road…keeper on a French railway。 I have seen a woman acting as hostler at a public stage in Ireland。 I knew the circumstanceshow her husband had become ill and incapable； and how she had been allowed to earn the wages； but nevertheless the sight was to me disagreeable； and seemed； as far as it went； to degrade the sex。 Chivalry has been very active in raising women from the hard and hardening tasks of the world； and through this action they have become soft； tender； and virtuous。 It seems to me that they of whom I am now speaking are desirous of undoing what chivalry has done。 The argument used is of course plain enough。 It is said that women are left destitute in the worlddestitute unless they can be self… dependent； and that to women should be given the same open access to wages that men possess； in order that they may be as self… dependent as men。 Why should a young woman； for whom no father is able to provide； not enjoy those means of provision which are open to a young man so circumstanced？ But I think the answer is very simple。 The young man； under the happiest circumstances which may befall him； is bound to earn his bread。 The young woman is only so bound when happy circumstances do not befall her。 Should we endeavor to make the recurrence of unhappy circumstances more general or less so？ What does any tradesman； any professional man； any mechanic wish for his children？ Is it not this； that his sons shall go forth and earn their bread； and that his daughters shall remain with him till they are married？ Is not that the mother's wish？ Is it not notorious that such is the wish of us all as to our daughters？ In advocating the rights of women it is of other men's girls that we think； never of our own。 But； nevertheless； what shall we do for those women who must earn their bread by their own work？ Whatever we do； do not let us willfully increase their number。 By opening trades to women； by making them printers； watchmakers； accountants； or what not； we shall not simply relieve those who must now earn their bread by some such work or else starve。 It will not be within our power to stop ourselves exactly at a certain point； to arrange that those women who under existing circumstances may now be in want shall be thus placed beyond want； but that no others shall be affected。 Men； I fear； will be too willing to relieve themselves of some portion of their present burden； should the world's altered ways enable them to do so。 At present a lawyer's clerk may earn perhaps his two guineas a week； and he with his wife live on that in fair comfort。 But if his wife； as well as he； has been brought up as a lawyer's clerk； he will look to her also for some amount of wages。 I doubt whether the two guineas would be much increased； but I do not doubt at all that the woman's position would be injured。 It seems to me that in discussing this subject philanthropists fail to take hold of the right end of the argument。 Money returns from work are very good； and work itself is good； as bringing such returns and occupying both body and mind； but the world's work is very hard； and workmen are too often overdriven。 The question seems to me to be thisof all this work have the men got on their own backs too heavy a share for them to bear； and should they seek relief by throwing more of it upon women？ It is the rights of man that we are in fact debating。 These watches are weary to make； and this type is troublesome to set； We have battles to fight and speeches to make； and our hands altogether are too full。 The women are idlemany of them。 They shall make the watches for us and set the type； and when they have done that； why should they not make nails as they do sometimes in Worcestershire； or clean horses； or drive the cabs？ They have had an easy time of it for these years past； but we'll change that。 And then it would come to pass that with ropes round their necks the women would be drawing harrows across the fields。 I don't think this will come to pass。 The women generally do know when they are well off； and are not particularly anxious to accept the philanthropy proffered to themas Mrs。 Dall says； they do not wish to bind themselves as apprentices to independent money…making。 This cry has been louder in America than with us； but even in America it has not been efficacious for much。 There is in the States； no doubt； a sort of hankering after increased influence； a desire for that prominence of position which men attain by loud voices and brazen foreheads； a desire in the female heart to be up and doing something； if the female heart only knew what； but even in the States it has hardly advanced beyond a few feminine lectures。 In many branches of work women are less employed than in England。 They are not so frequent behind counters in the shops； and are rarely seen as servants in hotels。 The fires in such houses are lighted and the rooms swept by men。 But the American girls may say they do not desire to light fires and sweep rooms。 They are ambitious of the higher classes of work。 But those higher branches of work require study； apprenticeship； a devotion of youth； and that they will not give。 It is very well for a young man to bind himself for four years； and to think of marrying four years after that apprenticeship be over。 But such a prospectus will not do for a girl。 While the sun shines the hay must be made； and her sun shines earlier in the day than that of him who is to be her husband。 Let him go through the apprenticeship and the work； and she will have sufficient on her hands if she looks well aft
