north america-1-第73章
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When he makes a point； he makes it well； and drives it home to the intelligence of every one before him。 Even that appeal to the holy men around him sounded wellor would have done so had I not been present at that little arrangement in the anteroom。 On the audience at large it was manifestly effective。 But nevertheless the lecture gave me but a poor idea of Mr。 Everett as a politician； though it made me regard him highly as an orator。 It was impossible not to perceive that he was anxious to utter the sentiments of the audience rather than his own； that he was making himself an echo； a powerful and harmonious echo of what he conceived to be public opinion in Boston at that moment； that he was neither leading nor teaching the people before him； but allowing himself to be led by them； so that he might best play his present part for their delectation。 He was neither bold nor honest； as Emerson had been； and I could not but feel that every tyro of a politician before him would thus recognize his want of boldness and of honesty。 As a statesman； or as a critic of statecraft； and of other statesmen； he is wanting in backbone。 For many years Mr。 Everett has been not even inimical to Southern politics and Southern courses； nor was he among those who； during the last eight years previous to Mr。 Lincoln's election； fought the battle for Northern principles。 I do not say that on this account he is now false to advocate the war。 But he cannot carry men with him when； at his age； he advocates it by arguments opposed to the tenor of his long political life。 His abuse of the South and of Southern ideas was as virulent as might be that of a young lad now beginning his political career； or of one who had through life advocated abolition principles。 He heaped reproaches on poor Virginia； whose position as the chief of the border States has given to her hardly the possibility of avoiding a Scylla of ruin on the one side； or a Charybdis of rebellion on the other。 When he spoke as he did of Virginia； ridiculing the idea of her sacred soil； even I； Englishman as I am； could not but think of Washington； of Jefferson； of Randolph； and of Madison。 He should not have spoken of Virginia as he did speak； for no man could have known better Virginia's difficulties。 But Virginia was at a discount in Boston； and Mr。 Everett was speaking to a Boston audience。 And then he referred to England and to Europe。 Mr。 Everett has been minister to England； and knows the people。 He is a student of history； and must； I think； know that England's career has not been unhappy or unprosperous。 But England also was at a discount in Boston； and Mr。 Everett was speaking to a Boston audience。 They are sending us their advice across the water； said Mr。 Everett。 And what is their advice to us？ That we should come down from the high place we have built for ourselves； and be even as they are。 They screech at us from the low depths in which they are wallowng in their misery； and call on us to join them in their wretchedness。 I am not quoting Mr。 Everett's very words； for I have not them by me； but I am not making them stronger； nor so strong as he made them。 As I thought of Mr。 Everett's reputation； and of his years of study； of his long political life and unsurpassed sources of information； I could not but grieve heartily when I heard such words fall from him。 I could not but ask myself whether it were impossible that under the present circumstances of her constitution this great nation of America should produce an honest； high…minded statesman。 When Lincoln and Hamlin； the existing President and Vice…President of the States； were in 1860 as yet but the candidates of the Republican party； Bell and Everett also were the candidates of the old Whig； conservative party。 Their express theory was thisthat the question of slavery should not be touched。 Their purpose was to crush agitation and restore harmony by an impartial balance between the North and South： a fine purposethe finest of all purposes； had it been practicable。 But such a course of compromise was now at a discount in Boston； and Mr。 Everett was speaking to a Boston audience。 As an orator； Mr。 Everett's excellence is； I think； not to be questioned； but as a politician I cannot give him a high rank。 After that I heard Mr。 Wendell Phillips。 Of him； too； as an orator； all the world of Massachusetts speaks with great admiration； and I have no doubt so speaks with justice。 He is； however； known as the hottest and most impassioned advocate of abolition。 Not many months since the cause of abolition； as advocated by him； was so unpopular in Boston； that Mr。 Phillips was compelled to address his audience surrounded by a guard of policemen。 Of this gentleman I may at any rate say that he is consistent； devoted； and disinterested。 He is an abolitionist by profession； and seeks to find in every turn of the tide of politics some stream on which he may bring himself nearer to his object。 In the old days； previous to the selection of Mr。 Lincoln； in days so old that they are now nearly eighteen months past； Mr。 Phillips was an anti…Union man。 He advocated strongly the disseverance of the Union； so that the country to which he belonged might have hands clean from the taint of slavery。 He had probably acknowledged to himself that while the North and South were bound together no hope existed of emancipation； but that if the North stood alone the South would become too weak to foster and keep alive the 〃social institution。〃 In which； if such were his opinions； I am inclined to agree with him。 But now he is all for the Union； thinking that a victorious North can compel the immediate emancipation of Southern slaves。 As to which I beg to say that I am bold to differ from Mr。 Phillips altogether。 It soon became evident to me that Mr。 Phillips was unwell； and lecturing at a disadvantage。 His manner was clearly that of an accustomed orator； but his voice was weak； and he was not up to the effect which he attempted to make。 His hearers were impatient； repeatedly calling upon him to speak out； and on that account I tried hard to feel kindly toward him and his lecture。 But I must confess that I failed。 To me it seemed that the doctrine he preached was one of rapine； bloodshed； and social destruction。 He would call upon the government and upon Congress to enfranchise the slaves at oncenow during the warso that the Southern power might be destroyed by a concurrence of misfortunes。 And he would do so at once； on the spur of the moment； fearing lest the South should be before him； and themselves emancipate their own bondsmen。 I have sometimes thought that there is no being so venomous； so blood…thirsty as a professed philanthropist； and that when the philanthropist's ardor lies negroward； it then assumes the deepest die of venom and blood…thirstiness。 There are four millions of slaves in the Southern States； none of whom have any capacity for self…maintenance or self…control。 Four millions of slaves； with the necessities of children； with the passions of men； and the ignorance of savages！ And Mr。 Phillips would emancipate these at a blow； would； were it possible for him to do so； set them loose upon the soil to tear their masters； destroy each other； and make such a hell upon the earth as has never even yet come from the uncontrolled passions and unsatisfied wants of men。 But Congress cannot do this。 All the members of Congress put together cannot； according to the Constitution of the United States； emancipate a single slave in South Carolina； not if they were all unanimous。 No emancipation in a slave State can come otherwise than by the legislative enactment of that State。 But it was then thought that in this coming winter of 1860…61 the action of Congress might be set aside。 The North possessed an enormous army under the control of the President。 The South was in rebellion； and the President could pronounce； and the army perhaps enforce； the confiscation of all property held in slaves。 If any who held them were not disloyal； the question of compensation might be settled afterward。 How those four million slaves should live； and how white men should live among them； in some States or parts of States not equal to
