north america-1-第50章
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th the land rolling on before us in a succession of gentle sweeps； never rising so as to impede the view； or apparently changing in its general level； but yet without the monotony of flatness。 We were on the prairie； but still I felt no satisfaction。 It was private property； divided among holders and pastured over by private cattle。 Salisbury Plain is as wild； and Dartmoor almost wilder。 Deer； they told me； were to be had within reach of Dixon； but for the buffalo one has to go much farther afield than Illinois。 The farmer may rejoice in Illinois； but the hunter and the trapper must cross the big rivers and pass away into the Western Territories before he can find lands wild enough for his purposes。 My visit to the corn…fields of Illinois was in its way successful； but I felt； as I turned my face eastward toward Chicago； that I had no right to boast that I had as yet made acquaintance with a prairie。 All minds were turned to the war； at Dixon as elsewhere。 In Illinois the men boasted that； as regards the war； they were the leading State of the union。 But the same boast was made in Indiana； and also in Massachusetts； and probably in half the States of the North and West。 They； the Illinoisians； call their country the war…nest of the West。 The population of the State is 1；700；000； and it had undertaken to furnish sixty volunteer regiments of 1000 men each。 And let it be borne in mind that these regiments； when furnished； are really fullabsolutely containing the thousand men when they are sent away from the parent States。 The number of souls above named will give 420；000 working men； and if； out of these； 60；000 are sent to the war； the State； which is almost purely agricultural； will have given more than one man in eight。 When I was in Illinois； over forty regiments had already been sentforty…six； if I remember rightlyand there existed no doubt whatever as to the remaining number。 From the next State； Indiana； with a population of 1；350；000； giving something less than 350；000 working men； thirty…six regiments had been sent。 I fear that I am mentioning these numbers usque ad nauseam； but I wish to impress upon English readers the magnitude of the effort made by the States in mustering and equipping an army within six or seven months of the first acknowledgment that such an army would be necessary。 The Americans have complained bitterly of the want of English sympathy； and I think they have been weak in making that complaint。 But I would not wish that they should hereafter have the power of complaining of a want of English justice。 There can be no doubt that a genuine feeling of patriotism was aroused throughout the North and West； and that men rushed into the ranks actuated by that feeling； men for whom war and army life； a camp and fifteen dollars a month； would not of themselves have had any attraction。 It came to that； that young men were ashamed not to go into the army。 This feeling of course produced coercion； and the movement was in that way tyrannical。 There is nothing more tyrannical than a strong popular feeling among a democratic people。 During the period of enlistment this tyranny was very strong。 But the existence of such a tyranny proves the passion and patriotism of the people。 It got the better of the love of money； of the love of children； and of the love of progress。 Wives who with their bairns were absolutely dependent on their husbands' labors； would wish their husbands to be at the war。 Not to conduce； in some special way； toward the war； to have neither father there； nor brother nor son； not to have lectured； or preached； or written for the war； to have made no sacrifice for the war； to have had no special and individual interest in the war； was disgraceful。 One sees at a glance the tyranny of all this in such a country as the States。 One can understand how quickly adverse stories would spread themselves as to the opinion of any man who chose to remain tranquil at such a time。 One shudders at the absolute absence of true liberty which such a passion throughout a democratic country must engender。 But he who has observed all this must acknowledge that that passion did exist。 Dollars； children； progress； education； and political rivalry all gave way to the one strong national desire for the thrashing and crushing of those who had rebelled against the authority of the stars and stripes。 When we were at Dixon they were getting up the Dement regiment。 The attempt at the time did not seem to be prosperous； and the few men who had been collected had about them a forlorn； ill… conditioned look。 But then； as I was told； Dixon had already been decimated and redecimated by former recruiting colonels。 Colonel Dement； from whom the regiment was to be named； and whose military career was only now about to commence； had come late into the field。 I did not afterward ascertain what had been his success； but I hardly doubt that he did ultimately scrape together his thousand men。 〃Why don't you go？〃 I said to a burly Irishman who was driving me。 〃I'm not a sound man； yer honor；〃 said the Irishman； 〃I'm deficient in me liver。〃 Taking the Irishmen； however； throughout the Union； they had not been found deficient in any of the necessaries for a career of war。 I do not think that any men have done better than the Irish in the American army。 From Dixon we went to Chicago。 Chicago is in many respects the most remarkable city among all the remarkable cities of the Union。 Its growth has been the fastest and its success the most assured。 Twenty…five years ago there was no Chicago； and now it contains 120；000 inhabitants。 Cincinnati； on the Ohio； and St。 Louis； at the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi； are larger towns； but they have not grown large so quickly nor do they now promise so excessive a development of commerce。 Chicago may be called the metropolis of American cornthe favorite city haunt of the American Ceres。 The goddess seats herself there amid the dust of her full barns； and proclaims herself a goddess ruling over things political and philosophical as well as agricultural。 Not furrows only are in her thoughts； but free trade also and brotherly love。 And within her own bosom there is a boast that even yet she will be stronger than Mars。 In Chicago there are great streets； and rows of houses fit to be the residences of a new Corn…Exchange nobility。 They look out on the wide lake which is now the highway for breadstuffs； and the merchant； as he shaves at his window； sees his rapid ventures as they pass away； one after the other； toward the East。 I went over one great grain store in Chicago possessed by gentlemen of the name of Sturgess and Buckenham。 It was a world in itself； and the dustiest of all the worlds。 It contained； when I was there； half a million bushels of wheator a very great many； as I might say in other language。 But it was not as a storehouse that this great building was so remarkable； but as a channel or a river… course for the flooding freshets of corn。 It is so built that both railway vans and vessels come immediately under its claws； as I may call the great trunks of the elevators。 Out of the railway vans the corn and wheat is clawed up into the building； and down similar trunks it is at once again poured out into the vessels。 I shall be at Buffalo in a page or two； and then I will endeavor to explain more minutely how this is done。 At Chicago the corn is bought and does change hands； and much of it； therefore； is stored there for some space of time； shorter or longer as the case may be。 When I was at Chicago； the only limit to the rapidity of its transit was set by the amount of boat accommodation。 There were not bottoms enough to take the corn away from Chicago； nor； indeed； on the railway was there a sufficiency of rolling stock or locomotive power to bring it into Chicago。 As I said before； the country was bursting with its own produce and smothered in its own fruits。 At Chicago the hotel was bigger than other hotels and grander。 There were pipes without end for cold water which ran hot； and for hot water which would not run at all。 The post…office also was grander and bigger than other post…offices； though the postmaster confessed to me that that matte
