north america-1-第5章

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itself！　　Mr。　and　Mrs。　Jones　each　had　a　separate　story。　　Mr。　Jones　was　sure　that　the　right　lay　with　him；　but　Mrs。　Jones　was　no　less　sure。　　No　doubt　the　North　had　done　much　for　the　South；　had　earned　money　for　it；　had　fed　it；　and　had；　moreover；　in　a　great　measure　fostered　all　its　bad　habits。　　It　had　not　only　been　generous　to　the　South；　but　over…indulgent。　　But　also　it　had　continually　irritated　the　South　by　meddling　with　that　which　the　Southerners　believed　to　be　a　question　absolutely　private　to　themselves。　　The　matter　was　illustrated　to　me　by　a　New　Hampshire　man　who　was　conversant　with　black　bears。　　At　the　hotels　in　the　New　Hampshire　mountains　it　is　customary　to　find　black　bears　chained　to　poles。　　These　bears　are　caught　among　the　hills；　and　are　thus　imprisoned　for　the　amusement　of　the　hotel　guests。　　〃Them　Southerners；〃　said　my　friend；　〃are　jist　as　one　as　that　'ere　bear。　We　feeds　him　and　gives　him　a　house；　and　his　belly　is　ollers　full。　But　then；　jist　becase　he's　a　black　bear；　we're　ollers　a　poking　him　with　sticks；　and　a'　course　the　beast　is　a　kinder　riled。　　He　wants　to　be　back　to　the　mountains。　　He　wouldn't　have　his　belly　filled；　but　he'd　have　his　own　way。　　It's　jist　so　with　them　Southerners。〃　It　is　of　no　use　proving　to　any　man　or　to　any　nation　that　they　have　got　all　they　should　want；　if　they　have　not　got　all　that　they　do　want。　　If　a　servant　desires　to　go；　it　is　of　no　avail　to　show　him　that　he　has　all　he　can　desire　in　his　present　place。　　The　Northerners　say　that　they　have　given　no　offense　to　the　Southerners；　and　that　therefore　the　South　is　wrong　to　raise　a　revolution。　　The　very　fact　that　the　North　is　the　North；　is　an　offence　to　the　South。　As　long　as　Mr。　and　Mrs。　Jones　were　one　in　heart　and　one　in　feeling；　having　the　same　hopes　and　the　same　joys；　it　was　well　that　they　should　remain　together。　　But　when　it　is　proved　that　they　cannot　so　live　without　tearing　out　each　other's　eyes；　Sir　Cresswell　Cresswell；　the　revolutionary　institution　of　domestic　life；　interferes　and　separates　them。　　This　is　the　age　of　such　separations。　　I　do　not　wonder　that　the　North　should　use　its　logic　to　show　that　it　has　received　cause　of　offense　but　given　none；　but　I　do　think　that　such　logic　is　thrown　away。　　The　matter　is　not　one　for　argument。　　The　South　has　thought　that　it　can　do　better　without　the　North　than　with　it；　and　if　it　has　the　power　to　separate　itself；　it　must　be　conceded　that　it　has　the　right。　And　then　as　to　that　question　of　honesty。　　Whatever　men　do　they　certainly　should　do　honestly。　　Speaking　broadly；　one　may　say　that　the　rule　applies　to　nations　as　strongly　as　to　individuals；　and　should　be　observed　in　politics　as　accurately　as　in　other　matters。　We　must；　however；　confess　that　men　who　are　scrupulous　in　their　private　dealings　do　too　constantly　drop　those　scruples　when　they　handle　public　affairs；　and　especially　when　they　handle　them　at　stirring　moments　of　great　national　changes。　　The　name　of　Napoleon　III。　stands　fair　now　before　Europe；　and　yet　he　filched　the　French　empire　with　a　falsehood。　　The　union　of　England　and　Ireland　is　a　successful　fact；　but　nevertheless　it　can　hardly　be　said　that　it　was　honestly　achieved。　　I　heartily　believe　that　the　whole　of　Texas　is　improved　in　every　sense　by　having　been　taken　from　Mexico　and　added　to　the　Southern　States；　but　I　much　doubt　whether　that　annexation　was　accomplished　with　absolute　honesty。　　We　all　reverence　the　name　of　Cavour；　but　Cavour　did　not　consent　to　abandon　Nice　to　France　with　clean　hands。　　When　men　have　political　ends　to　gain　they　regard　their　opponents　as　adversaries；　and　then　that　old　rule　of　war　is　brought　to　bear；　deceit　or　valoreither　may　be　used　against　a　foe。　Would　it　were　not　so！　　The　rascally　rulerascally　in　reference　to　all　political　contestsis　becoming　less　universal　than　it　was。　But　it　still　exists　with　sufficient　force　to　be　urged　as　an　excuse；　and　while　it　does　exist　it　seems　almost　needless　to　show　that　a　certain　amount　of　fraud　has　been　used　by　a　certain　party　in　a　revolution。　　If　the　South　be　ultimately　successful；　the　fraud　of　which　it　may　have　been　guilty　will　be　condoned　by　the　world。　The　Southern　or　Democratic　party　of　the　United　States　had；　as　all　men　know；　been　in　power　for　many　years。　　Either　Southern　Presidents　had　been　elected；　or　Northern　Presidents　with　Southern　politics。　The　South　for　many　years　had　had　the　disposition　of　military　matters；　and　the　power　of　distributing　military　appliances　of　all　descriptions。　　It　is　now　alleged　by　the　North　that　a　conspiracy　had　long　been　hatching　in　the　South　with　the　view　of　giving　to　the　Southern　States　the　power　of　secession　whenever　they　might　think　fit　to　secede；　and　it　is　further　alleged　that　President　after　President；　for　years　back；　has　unduly　sent　the　military　treasure　of　the　nation　away　from　the　North　down　to　the　South；　in　order　that　the　South　might　be　prepared　when　the　day　should　come。　　That　a　President　with　Southern　instincts　should　unduly　favor　the　South；　that　he　should　strengthen　the　South；　and　feel　that　arms　and　ammunition　were　stored　there　with　better　effect　than　they　could　be　stored　in　the　North；　is　very　probable。　　We　all　understand　what　is　the　bias　of　a　man's　mind；　and　how　strong　that　bias　may　become　when　the　man　is　not　especially　scrupulous。　　But　I　do　not　believe　that　any　President　previous　to　Buchanan　sent　military　materials　to　the　South　with　the　self…acknowledged　purpose　of　using　them　against　the　Union。　　That　Buchanan　did　so；　or　knowingly　allowed　this　to　be　done；　I　do　believe；　and　I　think　that　Buchanan　was　a　traitor　to　the　country　whose　servant　he　was　and　whose　pay　he　received。　And　now；　having　said　so　much　in　the　way　of　introduction；　I　will　begin　my　journey。

CHAPTER　II。　NEWPORTRHODE　ISLAND。

Wethe　we　consisting　of　my　wife　and　myselfleft　Liverpool　for　Boston　on　the　24th　August；　1861；　in　the　Arabia；　one　of　Cunard's　North　American　mail　packets。　　We　had　determined　that　my　wife　should　return　alone　at　the　beginning　of　winter；　when　I　intended　to　go　to　a　part　of　the　country　in　which；　under　the　existing　circumstances　of　the　war；　a　lady　might　not　feel　herself　altogether　comfortable。　　I　proposed　staying　in　America　over　the　winter；　and　returning　in　the　spring；　and　this　programme　I　have　carried　out　with　sufficient　exactness。　The　Arabia　touched　at　Halifax；　and　as　the　touch　extended　from　11　A。M。　to　6　P。M。　we　had　an　opportunity　of　seeing　a　good　deal　of　that　colony；　not　quite　sufficient　to　justify　me　at　this　critical　age　in　writing　a　chapter　of　travels　in　Nova　Scotia；　but　enough　perhaps　to　warrant　a　paragraph。　　It　chanced　that　a　cousin　of　mine　was　then　in　command　of　the　troops　there；　so　that　we　saw　the　fort　with　all　the　honors。　　A　dinner　on　shore　was；　I　think；　a　greater　treat　to　us　even　than　this。　　We　also　inspected　sundry　specimens　of　the　gold　which　is　now　being　found　for　the　first　time　in　Nova　Scotia；　as　to　the　glory　and　probable　profits　of　which　the　Nova　Scotians　seemed　to　be　fully　alive。　　But　still；　I　think　the　dinner　on　shore　took　rank　with　us　as　the　most　memorable　and　meritorious　of　all　that　we　did　and　saw　at　Halifax。　　At　seven　o'clock　on　the　morning　but　one　after　that　we　were　landed　at　Boston。　At　Boston　I　found　friends　ready　to　receive　us　with　open　arms；　though　they　were　friends　we　had　never　known　before。　　I　own　that　I　felt　myself　burdened　with　much　nervous　anxiety　at　my　first　introduction　to　men　and　women　in　Boston。　　I　knew　what　the　feeling　there　was　with　reference　to　England；　and　I　knew　also　how　impossible　it　is　for　an　Englishman　to　hold　his　tongue　and　submit　to　dispraise　of　England。　　As　for　going　among　a　people　whose　whole　minds　were　filled　with　affairs　of　the　war；　and　saying　nothing　about　the　war；　I　knew　that　no　resolution　to　such　an　effect　could　be　carried　out。　　If　one　could　not　trust　one's　self　to　speak；　one　should　have　stayed　at　home　in　England。　　I　will　here　state　that　I　always　did　speak　out　openly　what　I　thought　and　felt；　and　that　though　I　encountered　very　strongsometimes　almost　fierceopposition；　I　never　was　subjected　to　anything　that　was　personally　disagreeable　to　me。　In　September　we　did　not　stay　above　a　week　in　Boston；　having　been　fairly　driven　out　of　it　by　the　musquitoes。　　I　had　been　told　that　I　should　find　nobody　in　Boston　whom　I　cared　to　see；　as　everybody　was　habitually　out　of　town　during　the　heat　of　the　latter　summer　and　earl