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第8章

timaeu-第8章

小说: timaeu 字数: 每页4000字

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from him all but self…inflicted evils。

  When the creator had made all these ordinances he remained in his

own accustomed nature; and his children heard and were obedient to

their father's word; and receiving from him the immortal principle

of a mortal creature; in imitation of their own creator they

borrowed portions of fire; and earth; and water; and air from the

world; which were hereafter to be restored…these they took and

welded them together; not with the indissoluble chains by which they

were themselves bound; but with little pegs too small to be visible;

making up out of all the four elements each separate body; and

fastening the courses of the immortal soul in a body which was in a

state of perpetual influx and efflux。 Now these courses; detained as

in a vast river; neither overcame nor were overcome; but were hurrying

and hurried to and fro; so that the whole animal was moved and

progressed; irregularly however and irrationally and anyhow; in all

the six directions of motion; wandering backwards and forwards; and

right and left; and up and down; and in all the six directions。 For

great as was the advancing and retiring flood which provided

nourishment; the affections produced by external contact caused

still greater tumult…when the body of any one met and came into

collision with some external fire; or with the solid earth or the

gliding waters; or was caught in the tempest borne on the air; and the

motions produced by any of these impulses were carried through the

body to the soul。 All such motions have consequently received the

general name of 〃sensations;〃 which they still retain。 And they did in

fact at that time create a very great and mighty movement; uniting

with the ever flowing stream in stirring up and violently shaking

the courses of the soul; they completely stopped the revolution of the

same by their opposing current; and hindered it from predominating and

advancing; and they so disturbed the nature of the other or diverse;

that the three double intervals 'i。e。 between 1; 2; 4; 8'; and the

three triple intervals 'i。e。 between 1; 3; 9; 27'; together with the

mean terms and connecting links which are expressed by the ratios of 3

: 2; and 4 : 3; and of 9 : 8…these; although they cannot be wholly

undone except by him who united them; were twisted by them in all

sorts of ways; and the circles were broken and disordered in every

possible manner; so that when they moved they were tumbling to pieces;

and moved irrationally; at one time in a reverse direction; and then

again obliquely; and then upside down; as you might imagine a person

who is upside down and has his head leaning upon the ground and his

feet up against something in the air; and when he is in such a

position; both he and the spectator fancy that the right of either

is his left; and left right。 If; when powerfully experiencing these

and similar effects; the revolutions of the soul come in contact

with some external thing; either of the class of the same or of the

other; they speak of the same or of the other in a manner the very

opposite of the truth; and they become false and foolish; and there is

no course or revolution in them which has a guiding or directing

power; and if again any sensations enter in violently from without and

drag after them the whole vessel of the soul; then the courses of

the soul; though they seem to conquer; are really conquered。

  And by reason of all these affections; the soul; when encased in a

mortal body; now; as in the beginning; is at first without

intelligence; but when the flood of growth and nutriment abates; and

the courses of the soul; calming down; go their own way and become

steadier as time goes on; then the several circles return to their

natural form; and their revolutions are corrected; and they call the

same and the other by their right names; and make the possessor of

them to become a rational being。 And if these combine in him with

any true nurture or education; he attains the fulness and health of

the perfect man; and escapes the worst disease of all; but if he

neglects education he walks lame to the end of his life; and returns

imperfect and good for nothing to the world below。 This; however; is a

later stage; at present we must treat more exactly the subject

before us; which involves a preliminary enquiry into the generation of

the body and its members; and as to how the soul was created…for

what reason and by what providence of the gods; and holding fast to

probability; we must pursue our way。

  First; then; the gods; imitating the spherical shape of the

universe; enclosed the two divine courses in a spherical body; that;

namely; which we now term the head; being the most divine part of us

and the lord of all that is in us: to this the gods; when they put

together the body; gave all the other members to be servants;

considering that it partook of every sort of motion。 In order then

that it might not tumble about among the high and deep places of the

earth; but might be able to get over the one and out of the other;

they provided the body to be its vehicle and means of locomotion;

which consequently had length and was furnished with four limbs

extended and flexible; these God contrived to be instruments of

locomotion with which it might take hold and find support; and so be

able to pass through all places; carrying on high the dwelling…place

of the most sacred and divine part of us。 Such was the origin of

legs and hands; which for this reason were attached to every man;

and the gods; deeming the front part of man to be more honourable

and more fit to command than the hinder part; made us to move mostly

in a forward direction。 Wherefore man must needs have his front part

unlike and distinguished from the rest of his body。

  And so in the vessel of the head; they first of all put a face in

which they inserted organs to minister in all things to the providence

of the soul; and they appointed this part; which has authority; to

be by nature the part which is in front。 And of the organs they

first contrived the eyes to give light; and the principle according to

which they were inserted was as follows: So much of fire as would

not burn; but gave a gentle light; they formed into a substance akin

to the light of every…day life; and the pure fire which is within us

and related thereto they made to flow through the eyes in a stream

smooth and dense; compressing the whole eye; and especially the centre

part; so that it kept out everything of a coarser nature; and

allowed to pass only this pure element。 When the light of day

surrounds the stream of vision; then like falls upon like; and they

coalesce; and one body is formed by natural affinity in the line of

vision; wherever the light that falls from within meets with an

external object。 And the whole stream of vision; being similarly

affected in virtue of similarity; diffuses the motions of what it

touches or what touches it over the whole body; until they reach the

soul; causing that perception which we call sight。 But when night

comes on and the external and kindred fire departs; then the stream of

vision is cut off; for going forth to an unlike element it is

changed and extinguished; being no longer of one nature with the

surrounding atmosphere which is now deprived of fire: and so the eye

no longer sees; and we feel disposed to sleep。 For when the eyelids;

which the gods invented for the preservation of sight; are closed;

they keep in the internal fire; and the power of the fire diffuses and

equalises the inward motions; when they are equalised; there is

rest; and when the rest is profound; sleep comes over us scarce

disturbed by dreams; but where the greater motions still remain; of

whatever nature and in whatever locality; they engender

corresponding visions in dreams; which are remembered by us when we

are awake and in the external world。 And now there is no longer any

difficulty in understanding the creation of images in mirrors and

all smooth and bright surfaces。 For from the communion of the internal

and external fires; 

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