a history of science-1-第61章
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don; 1871); Vol。 III。; pp。 75 ff。 Of the books mentioned above; that of Hommel is particularly full in reference to culture development; Goodspeed's small volume gives an excellent condensed account; the original documents as translated in the various volumes of Records of the Past are full of interest; and Menant's little book is altogether admirable。 The work of excavation is still going on in old Babylonia; and newly discovered texts add from time to time to our knowledge; but A。 H。 Layard's Nineveh and its Remains (London; 1849) still has importance as a record of the most important early discoveries。 The general histories of Antiquity of Duncker; Lenormant; Maspero; and Meyer give full treatment of Babylonian and Assyrian development。 Special histories of Babylonia and Assyria; in addition to these named above; are Tiele's Babylonisch…Assyrische Geschichte (Zwei Tiele; Gotha; 1886…1888); Winckler's Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens (Berlin; 1885…1888); and Rogers' History of Babylonia and Assyria; New York and London; 1900; the last of which; however; deals almost exclusively with political history。 Certain phases of science; particularly with reference to chronology and cosmology; are treated by Edward Meyer (Geschichte des Alterthum; Vol。 I。; Stuttgart; 1884); and by P。 Jensen (Die Kosmologie der Babylonier; Strassburg; 1890); but no comprehensive specific treatment of the subject in its entirety has yet been attempted。 CHAPTER IV。 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALPHABET 1 (p。 87)。 Vicomte E。 de Rouge; Memoire sur l'Origine Egyptienne de l'Alphabet Phinicien; Paris; 1874。 2 (p。 88)。 See the various publications of Mr。 Arthur Evans。 3 (p。 80)。 Aztec and Maya writing。 These pictographs are still in the main undecipherable; and opinions differ as to the exact stage of development which they represent。 4 (p。 90)。 E。 A。 Wallace Budge's First Steps in Egyptian; London; 1895; is an excellent elementary work on the Egyptian writing。 Professor Erman's Egyptian Grammar; London; 1894; is the work of perhaps the foremost living Egyptologist。 5 (P。 93)。 Extant examples of Babylonian and Assyrian writing give opportunity to compare earlier and later systems; so the fact of evolution from the pictorial to the phonetic system rests on something more than mere theory。 6 (p。 96)。 Friedrich Delitzsch; Assyrischc Lesestucke mit grammatischen Tabellen und vollstdndigem Glossar einfiihrung in die assyrische und babylonische Keilschrift…litteratur bis hinauf zu Hammurabi; Leipzig; 1900。 7 (p。 97)。 It does not appear that the Babylonians thcmselves ever gave up the old system of writing; so long as they retained political autonomy。 8 (p。 101)。 See Isaac Taylor's History of the Alphabet; an Account of the origin and Development of Letters; new edition; 2 vols。; London; 1899。 For facsimiles of the various scripts; see Henry Smith Williams' History of the Art Of Writing; 4 vols; New York and London; 1902…1903。 CHAPTER V。 THE BEGINNINGS OF GREEK SCIENCE 1 (p。 III)。 Anaximander; as recorded by Plutarch; vol。 VIII…。 See Arthur Fairbanks'First Philosophers of Greece: an Edition and Translation of the Remaining Fragments of the Pre…Socratic Philosophers; together with a Translation of the more Important Accounts of their Opinions Contained in the Early Epitomcs of their Works; London; 1898。 This highly scholarly and extremely useful book contains the Greek text as well as translations。 CHAPTER VI。 THE EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHERS IN ITALY 1 (p。 117)。 George Henry Lewes; A Biographical History of Philosophy from its Origin in Greece down to the Present Day; enlarged edition; New York; 1888; p。 17。 2 (p。 121)。 Diogenes Laertius; The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers; C。 D。 Yonge's translation; London; 1853; VIII。; p。 153。 3 (p。 121)。 Alexander; Successions of Philosophers。 4 (p。 122)。 〃All over its centre。〃 Presumably this is intended to refer to the entire equatorial region。 5 (p。 125)。 Laertius; op。 cit。; pp。 348…351。 6 (p。 128)。 Arthur Fairbanks; The First Philosophers of Greece London; 1898; pp。 67…717。 7 (p。 129)。 Ibid。; p。 838。 8 (p。 130)。 Ibid。; p。 109。 9 (p。 130)。 Heinrich Ritter; The History of Ancient Philosophy; translated from the German by A。 J。 W。 Morrison; 4 vols。; London; 1838; vol; I。; p。 463。 10 (p。 131)。 Ibid。; p。 465。 11 (p。 132)。 George Henry Lewes; op。 cit。; p。 81。 12 (p。 135)。 Fairbanks; op。 cit。; p。 201。 13 (p。 136)。 Ibid。; P。 234。 14 (p。 137)。 Ibid。; p。 189。 15 (p。 137)。 Ibid。; P。 220。 16 (p。 138)。 Ibid。; p。 189。 17 (p。 138)。 Ibid。; p。 191。 CHAPTER VII。 GREEK SCIENCE IN THE EARLY ATTIC PERIOD 1 (p。 150)。 Theodor Gomperz; Greek Thinkers: a History of Ancient Philosophy (translated from the German by Laurie Magnes); New York; 190 1; pp。 220; 221。 2 (p。 153)。 Aristotle's Treatise on Respiration; ch。 ii。 3 (p。 159)。 Fairbanks' translation of the fragments of Anaxagoras; in The First Philosophers of Greece; pp。 239…243。 CHAPTER VIII。 POST…SOCRATIC SCIENCE AT ATHENS 1 (p。 180)。 Alfred William Bern; The Philosophy of Greece Considered in Relation to the Character and History of its People; London; 1898; p。 186。 2 (p。 183)。 Aristotle; quoted in William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (second edition; London; 1847); Vol。 II。; p。 161。 CHAPTER IX。 GREEK SCIENCE OF THE ALEXANDRIAN OR HELLENISTIC PERIOD 1 (p。 195)。 Tertullian's Apologeticus。 2 (p。 205)。 We quote the quaint old translation of North; printed in 1657。 CHAPTER X。 SCIENCE OF THE ROMAN PERIOD 1 (p。 258)。 The Geography of Strabo; translated by H。 C。 Hamilton and W。 Falconer; 3 vols。; London; 1857; Vol。 I; pp。 19; 20。 2 (p。 260)。 Ibid。; p。 154。 3 (p。 263)。 Ibid。; pp。 169; 170。 4 (p。 264) Ibid。; pp。 166; 167。 5 (p。 271)。 K。 0。 Miller and John W。 Donaldson; The History of the Literature of Greece; 3 vols。; London; Vol。 III。; p。 268。
6 (p。 276)。 E。 T。 Withington; Medical History fron。; the Earliest Times; London; 1894; p。 118。 7 (p。 281)。 Ibid。 8 (p。 281)。 Johann Hermann Bass; History of Medicine; New York; 1889。 CHAPTER XI。 A RETROSPECTIVE GLANCE AT CLASSICAL SCIENCE (p。 298)。 Dion Cassius; as preserved by Xiphilinus。 Our extract is quoted from the translation given in The Historians' History of the World (edited by Henry Smith Williams); 25 vols。; London and New York; 1904; Vol。 VI。; p。 297 ff。
'For further bibliographical notes; the reader is referred to the Appendix of volume V。'
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