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第23章

speeches-literary & social-第23章

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them by the bushel; for the picking up。  Now; whether the comet has

this year had a quickening influence on this crop; as it is by some

supposed to have had upon the corn…harvest and the vintage; I do

not know; but I do know that I have never observed the columns of

the newspapers to groan so heavily under a pressure of orations;

each vying with the other in the two qualities of having little or

nothing to do with the matter in hand; and of being always

addressed to any audience in the wide world rather than the

audience to which it was delivered。



The autumn having gone; and the winter come; I am so sanguine as to

hope that we in our proceedings may break through this enchanted

circle and deviate from this precedent; the rather as we have

something real to do; and are come together; I am sure; in all

plain fellowship and straightforwardness; to do it。  We have no

little straws of our own to throw up to show us which way any wind

blows; and we have no oblique biddings of our own to make for

anything outside this hall。



At the top of the public announcement of this meeting are the

words; 〃Institutional Association of Lancashire and Cheshire。〃

Will you allow me; in reference to the meaning of those words; to

present myself before you as the embodied spirit of ignorance

recently enlightened; and to put myself through a short; voluntary

examination as to the results of my studies。  To begin with:  the

title did not suggest to me anything in the least like the truth。

I have been for some years pretty familiar with the terms;

〃Mechanics' Institutions;〃 and 〃Literary Societies;〃 but they have;

unfortunately; become too often associated in my mind with a body

of great pretensions; lame as to some important member or other;

which generally inhabits a new house much too large for it; which

is seldom paid for; and which takes the name of the mechanics most

grievously in vain; for I have usually seen a mechanic and a dodo

in that place together。



I; therefore; began my education; in respect of the meaning of this

title; very coldly indeed; saying to myself; 〃Here's the old

story。〃  But the perusal of a very few lines of my book soon gave

me to understand that it was not by any means the old story; in

short; that this association is expressly designed to correct the

old story; and to prevent its defects from becoming perpetuated。  I

learnt that this Institutional Association is the union; in one

central head; of one hundred and fourteen local Mechanics'

Institutions and Mutual Improvement Societies; at an expense of no

more than five shillings to each society; suggesting to all how

they can best communicate with and profit by the fountain…head and

one another; keeping their best aims steadily before them; advising

them how those aims can be best attained; giving a direct end and

object to what might otherwise easily become waste forces; and

sending among them not only oral teachers; but; better still; boxes

of excellent books; called 〃Free Itinerating Libraries。〃  I learned

that these books are constantly making the circuit of hundreds upon

hundreds of miles; and are constantly being read with inexpressible

relish by thousands upon thousands of toiling people; but that they

are never damaged or defaced by one rude hand。  These and other

like facts lead me to consider the immense importance of the fact;

that no little cluster of working men's cottages can arise in any

Lancashire or Cheshire valley; at the foot of any running stream

which enterprise hunts out for water…power; but it has its

educational friend and companion ready for it; willing for it;

acquainted with its thoughts and ways and turns of speech even

before it has come into existence。



Now; ladies and gentlemen; this is the main consideration that has

brought me here。  No central association at a distance could

possibly do for those working men what this local association does。

No central association at a distance could possibly understand them

as this local association does。  No central association at a

distance could possibly put them in that familiar and easy

communication one with another; as that I; man or boy; eager for

knowledge; in that valley seven miles off; should know of you; man

or boy; eager for knowledge; in that valley twelve miles off; and

should occasionally trudge to meet you; that you may impart your

learning in one branch of acquisition to me; whilst I impart mine

in another to you。  Yet this is distinctly a feature; and a most

important feature; of this society。



On the other hand; it is not to be supposed that these honest men;

however zealous; could; as a rule; succeed in establishing and

maintaining their own institutions of themselves。  It is obvious

that combination must materially diminish their cost; which is in

time a vital consideration; and it is equally obvious that

experience; essential to the success of all combination; is

especially so when its object is to diffuse the results of

experience and of reflection。



Well; ladies and gentlemen; the student of the present profitable

history of this society does not stop here in his learning; when he

has got so far; he finds with interest and pleasure that the parent

society at certain stated periods invites the more eager and

enterprising members of the local society to submit themselves to

voluntary examination in various branches of useful knowledge; of

which examination it takes the charge and arranges the details; and

invites the successful candidates to come to Manchester to receive

the prizes and certificates of merit which it impartially awards。

The most successful of the competitors in the list of these

examinations are now among us; and these little marks of

recognition and encouragement I shall have the honour presently of

giving them; as they come before you; one by one; for that purpose。



I have looked over a few of those examination papers; which have

comprised history; geography; grammar; arithmetic; book…keeping;

decimal coinage; mensuration; mathematics; social economy; the

French language … in fact; they comprise all the keys that open all

the locks of knowledge。  I felt most devoutly gratified; as to many

of them; that they had not been submitted to me to answer; for I am

perfectly sure that if they had been; I should have had mighty

little to bestow upon myself to…night。  And yet it is always to be

observed and seriously remembered that these examinations are

undergone by people whose lives have been passed in a continual

fight for bread; and whose whole existence; has been a constant

wrestle with





〃Those twin gaolers of the daring heart …

Low birth and iron fortune。〃





I could not but consider; with extraordinary admiration; that these

questions have been replied to; not by men like myself; the

business of whose life is with writing and with books; but by men;

the business of whose life is with tools and with machinery。



Let me endeavour to recall; as well as my memory will serve me;

from among the most interesting cases of prize…holders and

certificate…gainers who will appear before you; some two or three

of the most conspicuous examples。  There are two poor brothers from

near Chorley; who work from morning to night in a coal…pit; and

who; in all weathers; have walked eight miles a…night; three nights

a…week; to attend the classes in which they have gained

distinction。  There are two poor boys from Bollington; who begin

life as piecers at one shilling or eighteen…pence a…week; and the

father of one of whom was cut to pieces by the machinery at which

he worked; but not before he had himself founded the institution in

which this son has since come to be taught。  These two poor boys

will appear before you to…night; to take the second…class prize in

chemistry。  There is a plasterer from Bury; sixteen years of age;

who took a third…class certificate last year at the hands of Lord

Bro

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