history of philosophy-第4章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
egoism； but which does not reach beyond this subjective form pertaining to the
absolute。 From it again comes the philosophy of Schelling； which subsequently
rejects Fichte's teaching and sets forth the Idea of the Absolute； the truth in and for
itself。
A。 Jacobi
B。 Kant
Critique of Pure Reason
Critique of Practical Reason
Critique of Practical Judgment
C。 Fichte
1。 The First Principles of Fichte's Philosophy
2。 Fichte's System in a Re…constituted Form
3。 The More Important of the Followers of Fichte
a。 Friedrich von Schlegel
b。 Schleiermacher
c。 Novalis
d。 Fries； Bouterweck； Krug
D。 Schelling
E。 Final Result
Footnotes
1。 In the lectures of 1825…1826 and 1829…1830 Berkeley was passed over by Hegel； in both courses
Hume follows directly after the Scottish and French philosophers； and thus comes immediately before
Kant； in the course of 1825…1826 the French philosophy precedes the Scottish also。
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
Delivered at Heidelberg； on the 28th October； 1816
GENTLEMEN； — Since the History of Philosophy is to be the subject of these lectures； and
today I am making my first appearance in this University； I hope you will allow me to say what
satisfaction it gives me to take my place once more in an Academy of Learning at this particular
time。 For the period seems to have been arrived at when Philosophy may again hope to receive
some attention and love — this almost dead science may again raise its voice； and hope that the
world which had become deaf to its teaching； may once more lend it an ear。 The necessities of the
time have accorded to the petty interests of everyday life such overwhelming attention： the deep
interests of actuality and the strife respecting these have engrossed all the powers and the forces of
the mind — as also the necessary means — to so great an extent； that no place has been left to the
higher inward life； the intellectual operations of a purer sort； and the better natures have thus been
stunted in their growth； and in great measure sacrificed。 Because the spirit of the world was thus
occupied； it could not look within and withdraw into itself。 But since this stream of actuality is
checked； since the German nation has cut its way out of its most material conditions； since its
nationality； the basis of all higher life； has been saved； we may hope that； in addition to the State；
which has swallowed up all other interests in its own； the Church may now resume her high
position — that in addition to the kingdom of the world to which all thoughts and efforts have
hitherto been directed； the Kingdom of God may also be considered。 In other words； along with
the business of politics and the other interests of everyday life； we may trust that Science； the free
rational world of mind； may again flourish。
We shall see in the History of Philosophy that in other European countries in which the sciences
and the cultivation of the understanding have been prosecuted with zeal and with respect；
Philosophy； excepting in name； has sunk even from memory； and that it is in the German nation
that it has been retained as a peculiar possession。 We have received the higher call of Nature to be
the conservers of this holy flame； just as the Eumolpidae in Athens had the conservation of the
Eleusinian mysteries； the inhabitants of the island of Samothrace the preservation and maintenance
of a higher divine service； and as； earlier still； the World…spirit reserved to the Jewish nation the
highest consciousness that it should once more rise from thence as the new spiritual force。 We
have already got so far； and have attained to a seriousness so much greater and a consciousness
so much deeper； that for us ideas and that which our reason justifies； can alone have weight； to
speak more plainly； the Prussian State is a State constituted on principles of intelligence。 But the
needs of the time and the interests of the events in the world already mentioned； have repressed a
real and earnest effort after Philosophy and driven hence any general attention to it。 It has thus
happened that because vigorous natures turned to the practical； insipidity and dullness
appropriated to themselves the pre…eminence in Philosophy and flourished there。 It may indeed be
said that since Philosophy began to take a place in Germany； it has never looked so badly as at
the present time — never have emptiness and shallowness overlaid it so completely； and never
have they spoken and acted with such arrogance； as though all power were in their hands！ To
combat the shallowness； to strive with German earnestness and honesty； to draw Philosophy out
of the solitude into which it has wandered — to do such work as this we may hope that we are
called by the higher spirit of our time。 Let us together greet the dawn of a better time in which the
spirit； hitherto a prey to externalities； may return within itself； come to itself again； and win space
and room for a kingdom of its own； where true minds will rise above the interests of the moment；
and obtain the power to receive the true； eternal and divine； the power to consider and to grasp
the highest。
We elders； who in the storms of the age have ripened into men； may think you happy whose youth
falls in the day in which you may devote the same undisturbed to Science and to Truth。 I have
dedicated my life to Science； and it is a true joy to me to find myself again in this place where I
may； in a higher measure and more extensive circle； work with others in the interest of the higher
sciences； and help to direct your way therein。 I hope that I may succeed in deserving and obtaining
your confidence。 But in the first place； I can ask nothing of you but to bring with you； above all； a
trust in science and a trust in yourselves。 The love of truth； faith in the power of mind； is the first
condition in Philosophy。 Man； because he is Mind； should and must deem himself worthy of the
highest； he cannot think too highly of the greatness and the power of his mind； and； with this belief；
nothing will be so difficult and hard that it will not reveal itself to him。 The Being of the universe； at
first hidden and concealed； has no power which can offer resistance to the search for knowledge；
it has to lay itself open before the seeker — to set before his eyes and give for his enjoyment； its
riches and its depths。
Prefatory Note
IN the History of Philosophy the observation is immediately forced upon us that it certainly
presents great interest if its subject is regarded from a favourable point of view； but that it would
still possess interest even if its end were regarded as opposite to what it is。 Indeed； this interest
may seem to increase in the degree in which the ordinary conception of Philosophy； and of the end
which its history serves； is reversed； for from the History of Philosophy a proof of the futility of the
science is mainly derived。
The demand that a history； whatever the subject may be； should state the facts without prejudice
and without any particular object or end to be gained by its means； must be regarded as a fair one。
But with a commonplace demand like this； we do not get far； for the history of a subject is
necessarily intimately connected with the conception which is formed of it。 In accordance with this
what is important in it is determined； and the relation of the events to the end regulated the
selection of facts to be recorded； the mode of comprehending them； and the point of view under
which they are regarded。 It may happen from the ideas formed of what a State really is； that a
reader of the political history of a country may find therein nothing of what he looks for。 Still more
may this be the case in the history of Philosophy； and representations of this history may be
instanced in which everything； excepting what was supposed to be Ph
