history of philosophy-第115章
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way into natural history and natural science; as well as into medicine; is a miserable formalism; an
irrational medley of the crudest empiricism with the most superficial ideal determinations that
formalism ever descended to。 The philosophy of Locke is not so crude as it is; for it is not a whit
better in either its content or its form; and it is combined with foolish self…conceit into the bargain。
Philosophy on this account sank into general and well…deserved contempt; such as is for the most
part extended to those who assert that they have a monopoly of philosophy。 Instead of
earnestness of apprehension and circumspection of thought; we find in them a juggling with idle
fancies; which pass for deep conceptions; lofty surmises; and even for poetry: and they think they
are right in the centre of things when they are only on the surface。 Five…and…twenty years ago(28)
the case was the same with poetic art; a taste for ingenious conceits took possession of it; and the
effusions of its poetic inspiration came forth blindly from itself; shot out as from a pistol。 The results
were either crazy ravings; or; if they were not ravings; they were prose so dull that it was unworthy
of the name of prose。 It is just the same in the later philosophies。 What is not utterly senseless
drivel about the indifference…point and polarity; about oxygen; the holy; the infinite; &c。; is made
up of thoughts so trivial that we might well doubt our having correctly apprehended their meaning;
in the first place because they are given forth with such arrogant effrontery; and in the second
place because we cannot help trusting that what was said was not go trivial as it seems。 As in the
Philosophy of Nature men forgot the Notion and proceeded in a dead unspiritual course; so here
they lose sight of spirit entirely。 They have strayed from the right road; for by their principle;
Notion and perception are one unity; but in point of fact this unity; this spirit; itself emerges in
immediacy; and is therefore in intuitive perception; and not in the Notion。
1。 Schelling's philosophische Schriften (Landshut; 1809; Vol。 I。 Vom Ich als Princip der
Philosophie; pp。 1…114); pp。 3; 4 (first edition; Tübingen; 1795; pp。 4…7)。
2。 His birthplace is usually stated to have been Leonberg; a short distance from
Schorndorf。…'Translators' note。'
3。 Lectures of 1816…1817。 'Translators' note。'
4。 Schelling's philosophische Schriften: Vom Ich als Princip der Philosophie; p。 99 seq。 (p。 178
seq。)。
5。 Ibidem; pp。 23; 24 (pp。 38…42)。
6。 Ibidem; p。 83 (p。 150)。
7。 Schelling's System des transcendentalen Idealismus; p。 257; not。 Zeitschrift für speculative
Physik; Vol。 II。 No。 2; p。 92。
8。 Lectures of 1805…1806。
9。 Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus; pp。 1…7; 17…21。
10。 Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus; pp。 24…46; 49…52; 55…58; 63…65。
11。 Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus; pp。 69; 70; 72…79。
12。 Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus; pp。 85; 86; 89; 98; 442…444。
13。 Schelling: System des transcendentalen Idealismus; pp。 471; 472; 475。
14。 Schelling: Neue Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 I。 Part I。 pp。 52; 53。
15。 Kritisches Journal der Philosophie; published by Schelling and Hegel; Vol。 I。 Part I。 p。 67;
Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 II。 No。 II。 Preface; p。 xiii。
16。 Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 II。 No。 II。 § 1; pp。 1; 2; § 4; p。 4; §
16…18; pp。 10…12。
17。 Ibidem; § 22…24; pp。 13…15; § 37; 38; pp。 22; 23; § 40…42; pp。 25; 26。
18。 Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 II。 No。 II。 § 25; 26; 28; 30…32; pp。 15…19;
§ 44; 46; pp。 27…29。
19。 Schelling: Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 II。 No。 II。 § 50; No。 1; § 51; pp。 34…36; §
54; p。 40; § 57 and note; pp。 42…44。
20。 Schelling: Zeitschrift für spec。 Phys。; Vol。 II。 No。 II。 § 62…64; pp。 47; 48; § 92; 93; pp。 59;
60; § 67…69; pp。 49; 50; § 95; pp。 64…68; (Nene Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 I。 Part
II。 pp。 92; 93; 98; 117…119; Erster Entwuft eines Systems der Natur…philosophie; p。 297; §
76…78; p。 53; § 83 and Appendix; p。 54; § 103; Note; p。 76; § 112; p。 84。
21。 Ibidem; § 136; 137; pp。 109; 110; § 141; Appendix I。 p。 112。
22。 Schelling: Neue Zeitschrift für speculative Physik; Vol。 I。 Part I。 pp。 1…77; Part II。 pp。 1…38。
23。 Schelling: Ibidem; Vol。 I。 Part II。 p。 39。
24。 Schelling: Ibidem; Vol。 I。 Part II。 pp。 39…41。
25。 Schelling; Ibidem; Vol。 I。 Part II。 pp。 41…50。
26。 Schelling: Denkmal der Schrift von den g?ttlichen Dingen; pp。 94; 85; 86 (Philosophische
Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit in den Philosophischen Schriften; Vol。
I。 Landshut; 1809; p。 429); 89…93。
27。 Cf。 Schelling's Erster Entwurf der Natur…philosophie; p。 297。
28。 From the lectures of 1805…1806。
Section Three: Recent German Philosophy
E。 Final Result。
The present standpoint of philosophy is that the Idea is known in its necessity; the sides of its
diremption; Nature and Spirit; are each of them recognized as representing the totality of the Idea;
and not only as being in themselves identical; but as producing this one identity from themselves;
and in this way the identity is recognized as necessary。 Nature; and the world or history of spirit;
are the two realities; what exists as actual Nature is an image of divine Reason; the forms of
self…conscious Reason are also the forms of Nature。 The ultimate aim and business of philosophy
is to reconcile thought or the Notion with reality。 It is easy from subordinate standpoints to find
satisfaction in modes of intuitive perception and of feeling。 But the deeper the spirit goes within
itself; the more vehement is the opposition; the more abundant is the wealth without; the depth is to
be measured by the greatness of the craving with which spirit seeks to find itself in what lies
outside of itself。 We saw the thought which apprehends itself appearing; it strove to make itself
concrete within itself。 Its first activity is formal; Aristotle was the first to say that is the thought of
thought。 The result is the thought which is at home with itself; and at the same time embraces the
universe therein; and transforms it into an intelligent world。 In apprehension the spiritual and the
natural universe are interpenetrated as one harmonious universe; which withdraws into itself; and in
its various aspects develops the Absolute into a totality; in order; by the very process of so doing;
to become conscious of itself in its unity; in Thought。 Philosophy is thus the true theodicy; as
contrasted with art and religion and the feelings which these call up … a reconciliation of spirit;
namely of the spirit which has apprehended itself in its freedom and in the riches of its reality。
To this point the World…spirit has come; and each stage has its own form in the true system of
Philosophy; nothing is lost; all principles are preserved; since Philosophy in its final aspect is the
totality of forms。 This concrete idea is the result of the strivings of spirit during almost twenty…five
centuries of earnest work to become objective to itself; to know itself:
Tant? molis erat; se ipsam cognoscere mentem。
All this time was required to produce the philosophy of our day; so tardily and slowly did the
World…spirit work to reach this goal。 What we pass in rapid review when we recall it; stretched
itself out in reality to this great length of time。 For in this lengthened period; the Notion of Spirit;
invested with its entire concrete development; its external subsistence; its wealth; is striving to bring
spirit to perfection; to make progress itself and to develop from spirit。 It goes ever on and on;
because spirit is progress alone。 Spirit often seems to have forgotten and lost itself; but inwardly
opposed to itself; it is inwardly working ever forward (as when Hamlet says of the ghost of his
father; “Well said; old mole! canst work i' the ground so fast?”(1)) until grown strong in itself it
bursts asunder the crust of earth which divided it from the sun;