the moscow census-第28章
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world; and in this half…naked condition; with their uncovered bosoms
exposed to view; with arms bare to the shoulder; with a bustle behind
and tightly swathed hips; under the most brilliant light; women and
maidens; whose chief virtue has always been modesty; exhibit
themselves in the midst of strange men; who are also clad in
improperly tight…fitting garments; and to the sound of maddening
music; they embrace and whirl。 Old women; often as naked as the
young ones; sit and look on; and eat and drink savory things; old men
do the same。 It is not to be wondered at that this should take place
at night; when all the common people are asleep; so that no one may
see them。 But this is not done with the object of concealment: it
seems to them that there is nothing to conceal; that it is a very
good thing; that by this merry…making; in which the labor of
thousands of toiling people is destroyed; they not only do not injure
any one; but that by this very act they furnish the poor with the
means of subsistence。 Possibly it is very merry at balls。 But how
does this come about? When we see that there is a man in the
community; in our midst; who has had no food; or who is freezing; we
regret our mirth; and we cannot be cheerful until he is fed and
warmed; not to mention the impossibility of imagining people who can
indulge in such mirth as causes suffering to others。 The mirth of
wicked little boys; who pitch a dog's tail in a split stick; and make
merry over it; is repulsive and incomprehensible to us。
In the same manner here; in these diversions of ours; blindness has
fallen upon us; and we do not see the split stick with which we have
pitched all those people who suffer for our amusement。
'We live as though there were no connection between the dying
laundress; the prostitute of fourteen; and our own life; and yet the
connection between them strikes us in the face。
We may say: 〃But we personally have not pinched any tail in a
stick;〃 but we have no right; to deny that had the tail not been
pitched; our merry…making would not have taken place。 We do not see
what connection exists between the laundress and our luxury; but that
is not because no such connection does exist; but because we have
placed a screen in front of us; so that we may not see。
If there were no screen; we should see that which it is impossible
not to see。' {28}
Surely all the women who attended that ball in dresses worth a
hundred and fifty rubles each were born not in a ballroom; or at
Madame Minanguoit's; but they have lived in the country; and have
seen the peasants; they know their own nurse and maid; whose father
and brother are poor; for whom the earning of a hundred and fifty
rubles for a cottage is the object of a long; laborious life。 Each
woman knows this。 How could she enjoy herself; when she knew that
she wore on her bared body at that ball the cottage which is the
dream of her good maid's father and brother? But let us suppose that
she could not make this reflection; but since velvet and silk and
flowers and lace and dresses do not grow of themselves; but are made
by people; it would seem that she could not help knowing what sort of
people make all these things; and under what conditions; and why they
do it。 She cannot fail to know that the seamstress; with whom she
has already quarrelled; did not make her dress in the least out of
love for her; therefore; she cannot help knowing that all these
things were made for her as a matter of necessity; that her laces;
flowers; and velvet have been made in the same way as her dress。
But possibly they are in such darkness that they do not consider
this。 One thing she cannot fail to know;that five or six elderly
and respectable; often sick; lackeys and maids have had no sleep; and
have been put to trouble on her account。 She has seen their weary;
gloomy faces。 She could not help knowing this also; that the cold
that night reached twenty…eight degrees below zero; {29} and that the
old coachman sat all night long in that temperature on his box。 But
I know that they really do not see this。 And if they; these young
women and girls; do not see this; on account of the hypnotic state
superinduced in them by balls; it is impossible to condemn them。
They; poor things; have done what is considered right by their
elders; but how are their elders to explain away this their cruelty
to the people?
The elders always offer the explanation: 〃I compel no one。 I
purchase my things; I hire my men; my maid…servants; and my coachman。
There is nothing wrong in buying and hiring。 I force no one's
inclination: I hire; and what harm is there in that?〃
I recently went to see an acquaintance。 As I passed through one of
the rooms; I was surprised to see two women seated at a table; as I
knew that my friend was a bachelor。 A thin; yellow; old…fashioned
woman; thirty years of age; in a dress that had been carelessly
thrown on; was doing something with her hands and fingers on the
table; with great speed; trembling nervously the while; as though in
a fit。 Opposite her sat a young girl; who was also engaged in
something; and who trembled in the same manner。 Both women appeared
to be afflicted with St。 Vitus' dance。 I stepped nearer to them; and
looked to see what they were doing。 They raised their eyes to me;
but went on with their work with the same intentness。 In front of
them lay scattered tobacco and paper cases。 They were making
cigarettes。 The woman rubbed the tobacco between her hands; pushed
it into the machine; slipped on the cover; thrust the tobacco
through; then tossed it to the girl。 The girl twisted the paper;
and; making it fast; threw it aside; and took up another。 All thus
was done with such swiftness; with such intentness; as it is
impossible to describe to a man who has never seen it done。 I
expressed my surprise at their quickness。
〃I have been doing nothing else for fourteen years;〃 said the woman。
〃Is it hard?〃
〃Yes: it pains my chest; and makes my breathing hard。〃
It was not necessary for her to add this; however。 A look at the
girl sufficed。 She had worked at this for three years; but any one
who had not seen her at this occupation would have said that here was
a strong organism which was beginning to break down。
My friend; a kind and liberal man; hires these women to fill his
cigarettes at two rubles fifty kopeks the thousand。 He has money;
and he spends it for work。 What harm is there in that? My friend
rises at twelve o'clock。 He passes the evening; from six until two;
at cards; or at the piano。 He eats and drinks savory things; others
do all his work for him。 He has devised a new source of pleasure;
smoking。 He has taken up smoking within my memory。
Here is a woman; and here is a girl; who can barely support
themselves by turning themselves into machines; and they pass their
whole lives inhaling tobacco; and thereby running their health。 He
has money which he never earned; and he prefers to play at whist to
making his own cigarettes。 He gives these women money on condition
that they shall continue to live in the same wretched manner in which
they are now living; that is to say; by making his cigarettes。
I love cleanliness; and I give money only on the condition that the
laundress shall wash the shirt which I change twice a day; and that
shirt has destroyed the laundress's last remaining strength; and she
has died。 What is there wrong about that? People who buy and hire
will continue to force other people to make velvet and confections;
and will purchase them; without me; and no matter what I may do; they
will hire cigarettes made and shirts washed。 Then why should I
deprive myself of velvet and confections and cigarettes and clean
shirts; if things are definitively settled thus? This is the
argument which I often; almost always; hear。 This is the very
argument which makes the mob which is destroying something; lose its
senses。 This is the very argument by which dogs are guided when one
of them has flung himself on another dog; and overthrown him; and the
rest of the pack rush up also; and tear their comrade in pieces。
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