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the moscow census-µÚ20ÕÂ

С˵£º the moscow census ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

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¡¨I¡¡borrowed¡¡a¡¡twenty¡­kopek¡¡piece¡¡from¡¡you£»¡¡so¡¡here¡¡is¡¡a¡¡ruble¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡I
had¡¡not¡¡finished¡¡speaking£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡cook¡¡called¡¡in¡¡his¡¡wife¡¡from
another¡¡room£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Take¡¡it£»¡¡Parasha£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡he¡£¡¡¡¡I£»¡¡supposing¡¡that¡¡she
understood¡¡what¡¡I¡¡wanted£»¡¡handed¡¡her¡¡the¡¡ruble¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡must¡¡state¡¡that
the¡¡cook¡¡had¡¡only¡¡lived¡¡with¡¡me¡¡a¡¡week£»¡¡and£»¡¡though¡¡I¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡his
wife£»¡¡I¡¡had¡¡never¡¡spoken¡¡to¡¡her¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡just¡¡on¡¡the¡¡point¡¡of¡¡saying
to¡¡her¡¡that¡¡she¡¡was¡¡to¡¡give¡¡me¡¡some¡¡small¡¡coins£»¡¡when¡¡she¡¡bent
swiftly¡¡down¡¡to¡¡my¡¡hand£»¡¡and¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡kiss¡¡it£»¡¡evidently¡¡imaging¡¡that
I¡¡had¡¡given¡¡her¡¡the¡¡ruble¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡muttered¡¡something£»¡¡and¡¡quitted¡¡the
kitchen¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡ashamed£»¡¡ashamed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡verge¡¡of¡¡torture£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡had
not¡¡been¡¡for¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡shrank¡¡together£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡conscious¡¡that¡¡I
was¡¡making¡¡grimaces£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡groaned¡¡with¡¡shame¡¡as¡¡I¡¡fled¡¡from¡¡the
kitchen¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡utterly¡¡unexpected£»¡¡and£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡utterly
undeserved¡¡shame£»¡¡made¡¡a¡¡special¡¡impression¡¡on¡¡me£»¡¡because¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a
long¡¡time¡¡since¡¡I¡¡had¡¡been¡¡mortified£»¡¡and¡¡because¡¡I£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡old¡¡man£»
had¡¡so¡¡lived£»¡¡it¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡that¡¡I¡¡had¡¡not¡¡merited¡¡this¡¡shame¡£¡¡¡¡I
was¡¡forcibly¡¡struck¡¡by¡¡this¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡told¡¡the¡¡members¡¡of¡¡my¡¡household
about¡¡it£»¡¡I¡¡told¡¡my¡¡acquaintances£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡all¡¡agreed¡¡that¡¡they
should¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡I¡¡began¡¡to¡¡reflect£º¡¡¡¡why¡¡had¡¡this
caused¡¡me¡¡such¡¡shame£¿¡¡¡¡To¡¡this£»¡¡something¡¡which¡¡had¡¡happened¡¡to¡¡me¡¡in
Moscow¡¡furnished¡¡me¡¡with¡¡an¡¡answer¡£

I¡¡meditated¡¡on¡¡that¡¡incident£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡shame¡¡which¡¡I¡¡had¡¡experienced
in¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife¡¡was¡¡explained¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡those
sensations¡¡of¡¡mortification¡¡which¡¡I¡¡had¡¡undergone¡¡during¡¡the¡¡course
of¡¡my¡¡Moscow¡¡benevolence£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡I¡¡now¡¡feel¡¡incessantly¡¡when¡¡I
have¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡give¡¡any¡¡one¡¡any¡¡thing¡¡except¡¡that¡¡petty¡¡alms¡¡to¡¡the
poor¡¡and¡¡to¡¡pilgrims£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡become¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡bestow£»¡¡and
which¡¡I¡¡consider¡¡a¡¡deed¡¡not¡¡of¡¡charity¡¡but¡¡of¡¡courtesy¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡a¡¡man
asks¡¡you¡¡for¡¡a¡¡light£»¡¡you¡¡must¡¡strike¡¡a¡¡match¡¡for¡¡him£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡have
one¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡a¡¡man¡¡asks¡¡for¡¡three¡¡or¡¡for¡¡twenty¡¡kopeks£»¡¡or¡¡even¡¡for
several¡¡rubles£»¡¡you¡¡must¡¡give¡¡them¡¡if¡¡you¡¡have¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡an¡¡act
of¡¡courtesy¡¡and¡¡not¡¡of¡¡charity¡££§¡¡£û16£ý

This¡¡was¡¡the¡¡case¡¡in¡¡question£º¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡mentioned¡¡the¡¡two
peasants¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡habit¡¡of¡¡sawing¡¡wood¡¡three¡¡yeans¡¡ago¡£
One¡¡Saturday¡¡evening¡¡at¡¡dusk£»¡¡I¡¡was¡¡returning¡¡to¡¡the¡¡city¡¡in¡¡their
company¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡were¡¡going¡¡to¡¡their¡¡employer¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡their¡¡wages¡£
As¡¡we¡¡were¡¡crossing¡¡the¡¡Dragomilovsky¡¡bridge£»¡¡we¡¡met¡¡an¡¡old¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡He
asked¡¡alms£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡gave¡¡him¡¡twenty¡¡kopeks¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡gave£»¡¡and¡¡reflected¡¡on
the¡¡good¡¡effect¡¡which¡¡my¡¡charity¡¡would¡¡have¡¡on¡¡Semyon£»¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡I
had¡¡been¡¡conversing¡¡on¡¡religious¡¡topics¡£¡¡¡¡Semyon£»¡¡the¡¡Vladimir
peasant£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡a¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡two¡¡children¡¡in¡¡Moscow£»¡¡halted¡¡also£»
pulled¡¡round¡¡the¡¡skirt¡¡of¡¡his¡¡kaftan£»¡¡and¡¡got¡¡out¡¡his¡¡purse£»¡¡and¡¡from
this¡¡slender¡¡purse¡¡he¡¡extracted£»¡¡after¡¡some¡¡fumbling£»¡¡three¡¡kopeks£»
handed¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡and¡¡asked¡¡for¡¡two¡¡kopeks¡¡in¡¡change¡£¡¡¡¡The
old¡¡man¡¡exhibited¡¡in¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡two¡¡three¡­kopek¡¡pieces¡¡and¡¡one¡¡kopek¡£
Semyon¡¡looked¡¡at¡¡them£»¡¡was¡¡about¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡kopek£»¡¡but¡¡thought
better¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡pulled¡¡off¡¡his¡¡hat£»¡¡crossed¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡walked¡¡on£»
leaving¡¡the¡¡old¡¡man¡¡the¡¡three¡­kopek¡¡piece¡£

I¡¡was¡¡fully¡¡acquainted¡¡with¡¡Semyon's¡¡financial¡¡condition¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡no
property¡¡at¡¡home¡¡at¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡money¡¡which¡¡he¡¡had¡¡laid¡¡by¡¡on¡¡the¡¡day
when¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡three¡¡kopeks¡¡amounted¡¡to¡¡six¡¡rubles¡¡and¡¡fifty¡¡kopeks¡£
Accordingly£»¡¡six¡¡rubles¡¡and¡¡twenty¡¡kopeks¡¡was¡¡the¡¡sum¡¡of¡¡his¡¡savings¡£
My¡¡reserve¡¡fund¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡neighborhood¡¡of¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡thousand¡£¡¡¡¡I
had¡¡a¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡children£»¡¡Semyon¡¡had¡¡a¡¡wife¡¡and¡¡children¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was
younger¡¡than¡¡I£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡children¡¡were¡¡fewer¡¡in¡¡number¡¡than¡¡mine£»¡¡but
his¡¡children¡¡were¡¡small£»¡¡and¡¡two¡¡of¡¡mine¡¡were¡¡of¡¡an¡¡age¡¡to¡¡work£»¡¡so
that¡¡our¡¡position£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡exception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡savings£»¡¡was¡¡on¡¡an
equality£»¡¡mine¡¡was¡¡somewhat¡¡the¡¡more¡¡favorable£»¡¡if¡¡any¡¡thing¡£¡¡¡¡He
gave¡¡three¡¡kopeks£»¡¡I¡¡gave¡¡twenty¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡did¡¡he¡¡really¡¡give£»¡¡and¡¡what
did¡¡I¡¡really¡¡give£¿¡¡¡¡What¡¡ought¡¡I¡¡to¡¡have¡¡given£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡do¡¡what
Semyon¡¡had¡¡done£¿¡¡he¡¡had¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡kopeks£»¡¡out¡¡of¡¡this¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡one£»
and¡¡afterwards¡¡two¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡had¡¡six¡¡hundred¡¡thousand¡¡rubles¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡order¡¡to
give¡¡what¡¡Semyon¡¡had¡¡given£»¡¡I¡¡should¡¡have¡¡been¡¡obliged¡¡to¡¡give¡¡three
thousand¡¡rubles£»¡¡and¡¡ask¡¡for¡¡two¡¡thousand¡¡in¡¡change£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡leave
the¡¡two¡¡thousand¡¡with¡¡the¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡cross¡¡myself£»¡¡and¡¡go¡¡my¡¡way£»
calmly¡¡conversing¡¡about¡¡life¡¡in¡¡the¡¡factories£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡cost¡¡of¡¡liver
in¡¡the¡¡Smolensk¡¡market¡£

I¡¡thought¡¡of¡¡this¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡only¡¡long¡¡afterwards¡¡that¡¡I
was¡¡in¡¡a¡¡condition¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡from¡¡this¡¡incident¡¡that¡¡deduction¡¡which
inevitably¡¡results¡¡from¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡deduction¡¡is¡¡so¡¡uncommon¡¡and¡¡so
singular£»¡¡apparently£»¡¡that£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡its¡¡mathematical
infallibility£»¡¡one¡¡requires¡¡time¡¡to¡¡grow¡¡used¡¡to¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡does¡¡seem¡¡as
though¡¡there¡¡must¡¡be¡¡some¡¡mistake£»¡¡but¡¡mistake¡¡there¡¡is¡¡none¡£¡¡¡¡There
is¡¡merely¡¡the¡¡fearful¡¡mist¡¡of¡¡error¡¡in¡¡which¡¡we¡¡live¡£

£§This¡¡deduction£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡I¡¡recognized¡¡its
undoubted¡¡truth£»¡¡furnished¡¡me¡¡with¡¡an¡¡explanation¡¡of¡¡my¡¡shame¡¡in¡¡the
presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡people¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡had
given¡¡and¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡still¡¡give¡¡money¡£

What£»¡¡in¡¡point¡¡of¡¡fact£»¡¡is¡¡that¡¡money¡¡which¡¡I¡¡give¡¡to¡¡the¡¡poor£»¡¡and
which¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife¡¡thought¡¡I¡¡was¡¡giving¡¡to¡¡her£¿¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡majority
of¡¡cases£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡that¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡my¡¡substance¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible
even¡¡to¡¡express¡¡in¡¡figures¡¡to¡¡Semyon¡¡and¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife£»it¡¡is
generally¡¡one¡¡millionth¡¡part¡¡or¡¡about¡¡that¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡give¡¡so¡¡little¡¡that
the¡¡bestowal¡¡of¡¡any¡¡money¡¡is¡¡not¡¡and¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡a¡¡deprivation¡¡to¡¡me£»
it¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡pleasure¡¡in¡¡which¡¡I¡¡amuse¡¡myself¡¡when¡¡the¡¡whim¡¡seizes
me¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡it¡¡was¡¡thus¡¡that¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife¡¡understood¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡I¡¡give
to¡¡a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡steps¡¡in¡¡from¡¡the¡¡street¡¡one¡¡ruble¡¡or¡¡twenty¡¡kopeks£»¡¡why
should¡¡not¡¡I¡¡give¡¡her¡¡a¡¡ruble¡¡also£¿¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cook's
wife£»¡¡such¡¡a¡¡bestowal¡¡of¡¡money¡¡is¡¡precisely¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡the¡¡flinging
of¡¡honey¡­cakes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡people¡¡by¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡it¡¡furnishes¡¡the¡¡people
who¡¡have¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡superfluous¡¡cash¡¡with¡¡amusement¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was
mortified¡¡because¡¡the¡¡mistake¡¡made¡¡by¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife¡¡demonstrated¡¡to
me¡¡distinctly¡¡the¡¡view¡¡which¡¡she£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡people¡¡who¡¡are¡¡not¡¡rich£»
must¡¡take¡¡of¡¡me£º¡¡¡¡¡¨He¡¡is¡¡flinging¡¡away¡¡his¡¡folly£»¡¡i¡£e¡££»¡¡his¡¡unearned
money¡£¡¨

As¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡fact£»¡¡what¡¡is¡¡my¡¡money£»¡¡and¡¡whence¡¡did¡¡it¡¡come¡¡into¡¡my
possession£¿¡¡¡¡A¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡it¡¡I¡¡accumulated¡¡from¡¡the¡¡land¡¡which¡¡I
received¡¡from¡¡my¡¡father¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡peasant¡¡sold¡¡his¡¡last¡¡sheep¡¡or¡¡cow¡¡in
order¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡money¡¡to¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡Another¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡my¡¡money¡¡is¡¡the
money¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡received¡¡for¡¡my¡¡writings£»¡¡for¡¡my¡¡books¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡my
books¡¡are¡¡hurtful£»¡¡I¡¡only¡¡lead¡¡astray¡¡those¡¡who¡¡purchase¡¡them£»¡¡and
the¡¡money¡¡which¡¡I¡¡receive¡¡for¡¡them¡¡is¡¡ill¡­earned¡¡money£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡my
books¡¡are¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡people£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡issue¡¡is¡¡still¡¡more¡¡disastrous¡£
I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡give¡¡them¡¡to¡¡people£º¡¡¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡¡¨Give¡¡me¡¡seventeen¡¡rubles£»¡¡and
I¡¡will¡¡give¡¡them¡¡to¡¡you¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡And¡¡as¡¡the¡¡peasant¡¡sells¡¡his¡¡last¡¡sheep£»
in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡student¡¡or¡¡teacher£»¡¡or¡¡any¡¡other¡¡poor¡¡man£»
deprives¡¡himself¡¡of¡¡necessaries¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡give¡¡me¡¡this¡¡money¡£¡¡¡¡And
so¡¡I¡¡have¡¡accumulated¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡money¡¡in¡¡that¡¡way£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡do
I¡¡do¡¡with¡¡it£¿¡¡¡¡I¡¡take¡¡that¡¡money¡¡to¡¡the¡¡city£»¡¡and¡¡bestow¡¡it¡¡on¡¡the
poor£»¡¡only¡¡when¡¡they¡¡fulfil¡¡my¡¡caprices£»¡¡and¡¡come¡¡hither¡¡to¡¡the¡¡city
to¡¡clean¡¡my¡¡sidewalk£»¡¡lamps£»¡¡and¡¡shoes£»¡¡to¡¡work¡¡for¡¡me¡¡in¡¡factories¡£
And¡¡in¡¡return¡¡for¡¡this¡¡money£»¡¡I¡¡force¡¡from¡¡them¡¡every¡¡thing¡¡that¡¡I
can£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡I¡¡try¡¡to¡¡give¡¡them¡¡as¡¡little¡¡as¡¡possible£»¡¡and¡¡to
receive¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡possible¡¡from¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡all¡¡at¡¡once¡¡I¡¡begin£»
quite¡¡unexpectedly£»¡¡to¡¡bestow¡¡this¡¡money¡¡as¡¡a¡¡simple¡¡gift£»¡¡on¡¡these
same¡¡poor¡¡persons£»¡¡not¡¡on¡¡all£»¡¡but¡¡on¡¡those¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡take¡¡a¡¡fancy¡£
Why¡¡should¡¡not¡¡every¡¡poor¡¡person¡¡expect¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡quite¡¡possible
that¡¡the¡¡luck¡¡may¡¡fall¡¡to¡¡him¡¡of¡¡being¡¡one¡¡of¡¡those¡¡with¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡shall
amuse¡¡myself¡¡by¡¡distributing¡¡my¡¡superfluous¡¡money£¿¡¡¡¡And¡¡so¡¡all¡¡look
upon¡¡me¡¡as¡¡the¡¡cook's¡¡wife¡¡did¡£

And¡¡I¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡so¡¡far¡¡astray¡¡that¡¡this¡¡taking¡¡of¡¡thousands¡¡from¡¡the
poor¡¡with¡¡one¡¡hand£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡flinging¡¡of¡¡kopeks¡¡with¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡to
those¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡the¡¡whim¡¡moved¡¡me¡¡to¡¡give£»¡¡I¡¡called¡¡good¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡wonder
that¡¡I¡¡felt¡¡ashamed¡££§¡¡£û17£ý

Yes£»¡¡before¡¡doing¡¡good¡¡it¡¡was¡¡needful¡¡for¡¡me¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡outside¡¡of
evil£»¡¡in¡¡such¡¡conditions¡¡that¡¡I¡¡migh

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