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I¡£¡¡CYANOTYPE£»

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Brush¡¡the¡¡paper¡¡over¡¡with¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ammonio¡­citrate¡¡of¡¡iron¡£¡¡This¡¡solution¡¡should¡¡be¡¡sufficiently¡¡strong¡¡to¡¡resemble¡¡sherry¡¡wine¡¡in¡¡color¡£¡¡Expose¡¡the¡¡paper¡¡in¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡way£»¡¡and¡¡pass¡¡over¡¡it¡¡very¡¡sparingly¡¡and¡¡evenly¡¡a¡¡wash¡¡of¡¡the¡¡common¡¡yellow¡¡ferro¡­cyanate¡¡of¡¡potass¡£¡¡As¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡liquid¡¡is¡¡applied£»¡¡the¡¡negative¡¡picture¡¡vanishes£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡replaced¡¡by¡¡a¡¡positive¡¡one£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡violet¡¡blue¡¡color£»¡¡on¡¡a¡¡greenish¡¡yellow¡¡ground£»¡¡which¡¡at¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡time¡¡possesses¡¡a¡¡high¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡sharpness£»¡¡and¡¡singular¡¡beauty¡¡of¡¡tint¡£

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II¡£¡¡ENERGIATYPE¡£

Under¡¡this¡¡title¡¡a¡¡process¡¡has¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡forward¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Hunt¡£¡¡It¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡the¡¡application¡¡of¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡succinic¡¡acid¡¡to¡¡paper£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡subsequently¡¡washed¡¡over¡¡with¡¡nitrate¡¡of¡¡silver¡£¡¡The¡¡image¡¡is¡¡then¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡either¡¡in¡¡the¡¡camera¡¡or¡¡otherwise£»¡¡as¡¡required£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡brought¡¡out¡¡by¡¡the¡¡application¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sulphate¡¡of¡¡iron¡¡in¡¡solution¡£¡¡¡¡Although¡¡this¡¡process¡¡has¡¡not¡¡come¡¡into¡¡general¡¡use£»¡¡its¡¡exact¡¡description¡¡may¡¡be¡¡interesting¡¡to¡¡the¡¡general¡¡reader£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡therefore¡¡subjoin¡¡it¡£

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Subsequently£»¡¡however£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡found¡¡that¡¡the¡¡sulphate¡¡of¡¡iron¡¡produces¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡the¡¡salts¡¡of¡¡silver¡¡effects¡¡quite¡¡as¡¡beautiful¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡succinate¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡iodide£»¡¡bromide£»¡¡acetate£»¡¡and¡¡benzoate£»¡¡the¡¡effects¡¡are¡¡far¡¡more¡¡pleasing¡¡and¡¡striking¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡pictures¡¡are¡¡produced£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡dormant¡¡camera¡¡image¡¡brought¡¡out£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡agency¡¡of¡¡sulphate¡¡of¡¡iron£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡remarkable¡¡how¡¡rapidly¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡takes¡¡place¡£¡¡Engravings¡¡can¡¡be¡¡thus¡¡copied¡¡almost¡¡instantaneously£»¡¡and¡¡camera¡¡views¡¡obtained¡¡in¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡minutes¡¡on¡¡almost¡¡any¡¡preparation¡¡of¡¡silver¡£¡¡The¡¡common¡¡sulphate¡¡of¡¡copper¡¡solution¡¡has¡¡the¡¡same¡¡property¡£

III¡£¡¡CHROMATYPE¡£

Many¡¡efforts¡¡have¡¡been¡¡made¡¡to¡¡render¡¡chromatic¡¡acid¡¡an¡¡active¡¡agent¡¡in¡¡the¡¡production¡¡of¡¡photographs¡£¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡Ponton¡¡used¡¡a¡¡paper¡¡saturated¡¡with¡¡bichromate¡¡of¡¡potash£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡was¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡photogenic¡¡processes¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡Becquerel¡¡improved¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡process¡¡by¡¡sizing¡¡the¡¡paper¡¡with¡¡starch¡¡previous¡¡to¡¡the¡¡application¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bichromate¡¡of¡¡potash¡¡solution£»¡¡which¡¡enabled¡¡him¡¡to¡¡convert¡¡the¡¡negative¡¡picture¡¡into¡¡a¡¡positive¡¡one£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡iodine£»¡¡which¡¡combined¡¡with¡¡that¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡starch¡¡on¡¡which¡¡the¡¡light¡¡had¡¡not¡¡acted¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡by¡¡neither¡¡of¡¡these¡¡processes¡¡could¡¡clear¡¡and¡¡distinct¡¡pictures¡¡be¡¡formed¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Hunt¡¡has£»¡¡however£»¡¡discovered¡¡a¡¡process¡¡which¡¡is¡¡so¡¡exceedingly¡¡simple£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡resulting¡¡pictures¡¡of¡¡so¡¡pleasing¡¡a¡¡character£»¡¡that£»¡¡although¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡sufficiently¡¡sensitive¡¡for¡¡use¡¡in¡¡the¡¡camera£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡found¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡value¡¡for¡¡copying¡¡botanical¡¡specimens£»¡¡engravings£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡like¡£

The¡¡paper¡¡to¡¡be¡¡prepared¡¡is¡¡washed¡¡over¡¡with¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡sulphate¡¡of¡¡copperabout¡¡one¡¡drachm¡¡to¡¡an¡¡ounce¡¡of¡¡waterand¡¡partially¡¡dried£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡then¡¡washed¡¡with¡¡a¡¡moderately¡¡strong¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡bichromate¡¡of¡¡potash£»¡¡and¡¡dried¡¡at¡¡a¡¡little¡¡distance¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fire¡£¡¡Paper¡¡thus¡¡prepared¡¡may¡¡be¡¡kept¡¡any¡¡length¡¡of¡¡time£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡portfolio£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡always¡¡ready¡¡for¡¡use¡£

When¡¡exposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sunshine¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time£»¡¡varying¡¡with¡¡the¡¡intensity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡light£»¡¡from¡¡five¡¡to¡¡fifteen¡¡or¡¡twenty¡¡minutes£»¡¡the¡¡result¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡a¡¡negative¡¡picture¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡now¡¡to¡¡be¡¡washed¡¡over¡¡with¡¡a¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡nitrate¡¡of¡¡silver£»¡¡which¡¡immediately¡¡produces¡¡a¡¡very¡¡beautiful¡¡deep¡¡orange¡¡picture¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡light¡¡dim¡¡colored£»¡¡or¡¡sometimes¡¡perfectly¡¡white¡¡ground¡£¡¡This¡¡picture¡¡must¡¡be¡¡quickly¡¡fixed£»¡¡by¡¡being¡¡washed¡¡in¡¡pure¡¡water£»¡¡and¡¡dried¡£¡¡¡¡With¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡the¡¡solutions£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡remarkable¡¡fact£»¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡saturated¡¡solutions¡¡be¡¡employed£»¡¡a¡¡negative¡¡picture¡¡is¡¡first¡¡produced£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡the¡¡solutions¡¡be¡¡three¡¡or¡¡four¡¡times¡¡their¡¡bulk¡¡of¡¡water£»¡¡the¡¡first¡¡action¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sun's¡¡rays¡¡darkens¡¡the¡¡picture£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡a¡¡very¡¡bleaching¡¡effect¡¡follows£»¡¡giving¡¡an¡¡exceedingly¡¡faint¡¡positive¡¡picture£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡brought¡¡out¡¡with¡¡great¡¡delicacy¡¡by¡¡the¡¡silver¡¡solution¡£

It¡¡is¡¡necessary¡¡that¡¡pure¡¡water¡¡should¡¡be¡¡used¡¡for¡¡the¡¡fixing£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡any¡¡muriate¡¡damages¡¡the¡¡picture£»¡¡and¡¡here¡¡arises¡¡another¡¡pleasing¡¡variation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Chromatype¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡positive¡¡picture¡¡be¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡a¡¡very¡¡weak¡¡solution¡¡of¡¡common¡¡salt¡¡the¡¡image¡¡slowly¡¡fades¡¡out£»¡¡leaving¡¡a¡¡faint¡¡negative¡¡outline¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡it¡¡now¡¡be¡¡removed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡saline¡¡solution£»¡¡dried£»¡¡and¡¡again¡¡exposed¡¡to¡¡sunshine£»¡¡a¡¡positive¡¡picture¡¡of¡¡a¡¡lilac¡¡color¡¡will¡¡be¡¡produced¡¡by¡¡a¡¡few¡¡minutes¡¡exposure¡£¡¡Several¡¡other¡¡of¡¡the¡¡chromates¡¡may¡¡be¡¡used¡¡in¡¡this¡¡process£»¡¡but¡¡none¡¡is¡¡so¡¡successful¡¡as¡¡the¡¡chromate¡¡of¡¡copper¡£

IV¡£¡¡ANTHOTYPE¡£

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Certain¡¡precautions¡¡are¡¡necessary¡¡in¡¡extracting¡¡the¡¡coloring¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡flowers¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡petals¡¡of¡¡fresh¡¡flowers¡¡are¡¡carefully¡¡selected£»¡¡and¡¡crushed¡¡to¡¡a¡¡pulp¡¡in¡¡a¡¡marble¡¡mortar£»¡¡either¡¡alone¡¡or¡¡with¡¡the¡¡addition¡¡of¡¡a¡¡little¡¡alcohol£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡juice¡¡expressed¡¡by¡¡squeezing¡¡the¡¡pulp¡¡in¡¡a¡¡clean¡¡linen¡¡or¡¡cotton¡¡cloth¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡then¡¡to¡¡be¡¡spread¡¡upon¡¡paper¡¡with¡¡a¡¡flat¡¡brush£»¡¡and¡¡dried¡¡in¡¡the¡¡air¡¡without¡¡artificial¡¡heat¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡alcohol¡¡be¡¡not¡¡added£»¡¡the¡¡application¡¡on¡¡paper¡¡must¡¡be¡¡performed¡¡immediately£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡air¡¡£¨even¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡minutes£©£»¡¡irrecoverably¡¡changes¡¡or¡¡destroys¡¡their¡¡color¡£¡¡If¡¡alcohol¡¡be¡¡present¡¡this¡¡change¡¡is¡¡much¡¡retarded£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡some¡¡cases¡¡is¡¡entirely¡¡prevented¡£

Most¡¡flowers¡¡give¡¡out¡¡their¡¡coloring¡¡matter¡¡to¡¡alcohol¡¡or¡¡water¡£¡¡Some£»¡¡however£»¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so£»

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