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第9章

the essays of montaigne, v13-第9章

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the degree of their indignation; to a shorter or a longer respite; that
they might therein have better leisure to dispose their affairs; and
sometimes depriving them of the means of doing it by the shortness of the
time; and if the condemned seemed unwilling to submit to the order; they
had people ready at hand to execute it either by cutting the veins of the
arms and legs; or by compelling them by force to swallow a draught of
poison。  But persons of honour would not abide this necessity; but made
use of their own physicians and surgeons for this purpose。  Seneca; with
a calm and steady countenance; heard their charge; and presently called
for paper to write his will; which being by the captain refused; he
turned himself towards his friends; saying to them; 〃Since I cannot leave
you any other acknowledgment of the obligation I have to you; I leave you
at least the best thing I have; namely; the image of my life and manners;
which I entreat you to keep in memory of me; that by so doing you may
acquire the glory of sincere and real friends。〃  And there withal; one
while appeasing the sorrow he saw in them with gentle words; and
presently raising his voice to reprove them: 〃What;〃 said he; 〃are become
of all our brave philosophical precepts? What are become of all the
provisions we have so many years laid up against the accidents of
fortune? Is Nero's cruelty unknown to us?  What could we expect from him
who had murdered his mother and his brother; but that he should put his
tutor to death who had brought him up?〃  After having spoken these words
in general; he turned himself towards his wife; and embracing her fast in
his arms; as; her heart and strength failing her; she was ready to sink
down with grief; he begged of her; for his sake; to bear this accident
with a little more patience; telling her; that now the hour was come
wherein he was to show; not by argument and discourse; but effect; the
fruit he had acquired by his studies; and that he really embraced his
death; not only without grief; but moreover with joy。  〃Wherefore; my
dearest;〃 said he; 〃do not dishonour it with thy tears; that it may not
seem as if thou lovest thyself more than my reputation。  Moderate thy
grief; and comfort thyself in the knowledge thou hast had of me and my
actions; leading the remainder of thy life in the same virtuous manner
thou hast hitherto done。〃  To which Paulina; having a little recovered
her spirits; and warmed the magnanimity of her courage with a most
generous affection; replied; 〃No; Seneca;〃 said she; 〃I am not a woman
to suffer you to go alone in such a necessity: I will not have you think
that the virtuous examples of your life have not taught me how to die;
and when can I ever better or more fittingly do it; or more to my own
desire; than with you? and therefore assure yourself I will go along with
you。〃  Then Seneca; taking this noble and generous resolution of his wife
m good part; and also willing to free himself from the fear of leaving
her exposed to the cruelty of his enemies after his death: 〃I have;
Paulina;〃 said he; 〃instructed thee in what would serve thee happily to
live; but thou more covetest; I see; the honour of dying: in truth;
I will not grudge it thee; the constancy and resolution in our common end
are the same; but the beauty and glory of thy part are much greater。〃
Which being said; the surgeons; at the same time; opened the veins of
both their arms; but as those of Seneca were more shrunk up; as well with
age as abstinence; made his blood flow too slowly; he moreover commanded
them to open the veins of his thighs; and lest the torments he endured
might pierce his wife's heart; and also to free himself from the
affliction of seeing her in so sad a condition; after having taken a very
affectionate leave of her; he entreated she would suffer them to carry
her into her chamber; which they accordingly did。  But all these
incisions being not yet enough to make him die; he commanded Statius
Anneus; his physician; to give him a draught of poison; which had not
much better effect; for by reason of the weakness and coldness of his
limbs; it could not arrive at his heart。  Wherefore they were forced to
superadd a very hot bath; and then; feeling his end approach; whilst he
had breath he continued excellent discourses upon the subject of his
present condition; which the secretaries wrote down so long as they could
hear his voice; and his last words were long after in high honour and
esteem amongst men; and it is a great loss to us that they have not come
down to our times。  Then; feeling the last pangs of death; with the
bloody water of the bath he bathed his head; saying: 〃This water I
dedicate to Jupiter the deliverer。〃  Nero; being presently informed of
all this; fearing lest the death of Paulina; who was one of the best…born
ladies of Rome; and against whom he had no particular unkindness; should
turn to his reproach; sent orders in all haste to bind up her wounds;
which her attendants did without her knowledge; she being already half
dead; and without all manner of sense。  Thus; though she lived contrary
to her own design; it was very honourably; and befitting her own virtue;
her pale complexion ever after manifesting how much life had run from her
veins。

These are my three very true stories; which I find as entertaining and as
tragic as any of those we make out of our own heads wherewith to amuse
the common people; and I wonder that they who are addicted to such
relations; do not rather cull out ten thousand very fine stories; which
are to be found in books; that would save them the trouble of invention;
and be more useful and diverting; and he who would make a whole and
connected body of them would need to add nothing of his own; but the
connection only; as it were the solder of another metal; and might by
this means embody a great many true events of all sorts; disposing and
diversifying them according as the beauty of the work should require;
after the same manner; almost; as Ovid has made up his Metamorphoses of
the infinite number of various fables。

In the last couple; this is; moreover; worthy of consideration; that
Paulina voluntarily offered to lose her life for the love of her husband;
and that her husband had formerly also forborne to die for the love of
her。  We may think there is no just counterpoise in this exchange; but;
according to his stoical humour; I fancy he thought he had done as much
for her; in prolonging his life upon her account; as if he had died for
her。  In one of his letters to Lucilius; after he has given him to
understand that; being seized with an ague in Rome; he presently took
coach to go to a house he had in the country; contrary to his wife's
opinion; who would have him stay; and that he had told her that the ague
he was seized with was not a fever of the body but of the place; it
follows thus: 〃She let me go;〃 says he; 〃giving me a strict charge of my
health。  Now I; who know that her life is involved in mine; begin to make
much of myself; that I may preserve her。  And I lose the privilege my age
has given me; of being more constant and resolute in many things; when I
call to mind that in this old fellow there is a young girl who is
interested in his health。  And since I cannot persuade her to love me
more courageously; she makes me more solicitously love myself: for we
must allow something to honest affections; and; sometimes; though
occasions importune us to the contrary; we must call back life; even
though it be with torment: we must hold the soul fast in our teeth; since
the rule of living; amongst good men; is not so long as they please; but
as long as they ought。  He that loves not his wife nor his friend so well
as to prolong his life for them; but will obstinately die; is too
delicate and too effeminate: the soul must impose this upon itself; when
the utility of our friends so requires; we must sometimes lend ourselves
to our friends; and when we would die for ourselves must break that
resolution for them。  'Tis a testimony of grandeur of courage to return
to life for the consideration of another; as many excellent persons have
done: and 'tis a mark of singu

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