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by Matthew Arnold in Culture and Anarchy。  Bishop Wilson's words;

〃To make reason and the will of God prevail;〃 are the theme of

Arnold's essay; Sweetness and Light。



'117'

An eminent modern writer: Matthew Arnold (1822…1888); eldest son of

Thomas Arnold; headmaster of Rugby; a distinguished critic and

poet; and professor of poetry at Oxford。  The allusion is to

Arnold's essay; Sweetness and Light。  The phrase; 〃sweetness and

light;〃 is one which Aesop uses in Swift's Battle of the Books to

sum up the superiority of the ancients over the moderns。  〃As for

us; the ancients; we are content; with the bee; to pretend to

nothing of our own beyond our wings and our voice; that is to say;

our flights and our language; for the rest; whatever we have got

has been by infinite labor and search; and ranging through every

corner of nature; the difference is; that instead of dirt and

poison we have rather chose to fill our hives with honey and wax;

thus furnishing mankind with the two noblest things; which are

sweetness and light。〃  Arnold's purpose in the essay is to define

the cultured man as one who endeavors to make beauty and

intelligence prevail everywhere。



'118'

Abbe Trembley (1700…1784): a Swiss naturalist。  He wrote 〃Memoires

pour servir a l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce; a bras

en forme de cornes。〃



'119'

Bernard de Jussieu (1699…1776): a French botanist; founder of the

natural classification of plants。  He was superintendent of the

Trianon Gardens。



'120'

Guettard (1715…1786): a French naturalist。



'121'

Monte Nuovo within the old crater of Somma: Monte Nuovo; a mountain

west of Naples; Somma; a mountain north of Vesuvius which with its

lofty; semicircular cliff encircles the active cone of Vesuvius。



'122'

Mauritius: an island in the Indian Ocean; Huxley visited the island

when on the voyage with the Rattlesnake。  He wrote to his mother of

his visit: 〃This island is; you know; the scene of Saint Pierre's

beautiful story of Paul and Virginia; over which I suppose most

people have sentimentalized at one time or another of their lives。

Until we reached here I did not know that the tale was like the

lady's improvera fiction founded on fact; and that Paul and

Virginia were at one time flesh and blood; and that their veritable

dust was buried at Pamplemousses in a spot considered as one of the

lions of the place; and visited as classic ground。〃



'123'

Mr。 Darwin's coral reefs: The Structure and Distribution of Coral

Reefs; published in 1848。



'124'

Professor Jukes (1811…1869): an English geologist。



'125'

Mr。 Dana (1813…1895): a well…known American geologist and

mineralogist; a professor at Yale from 1845。  He wrote a number of

books among which is Coral and Coral Reefs。



'126'

Jurassic period: that part of the geological series which is older

than the Cretaceous and newer than the Triassic; so called from the

predominance of rocks of this age in the Jura Mountains。  The three

great divisions of fossiliferous rocks are called the Triassic; the

Jurassic; and the Cretaceous。







REFERENCE BOOKS





The following reference books are suggested for a more complete

treatment of various points in the text:



Andrews' History of England。

Green's Short History of the English People。

Traill's Social England。

Roger's A Student's History of Philosophy。

Royce's The Spirit of Modern Philosophy。

Huxley's Life and Letters。

Smalley's Mr。 Huxley; in Scribner's Magazine for October; 1905。

Darwin's Life and Letters。











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