autobiography and selected essays-第41章
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by Matthew Arnold in Culture and Anarchy。 Bishop Wilson's words;
〃To make reason and the will of God prevail;〃 are the theme of
Arnold's essay; Sweetness and Light。
'117'
An eminent modern writer: Matthew Arnold (1822…1888); eldest son of
Thomas Arnold; headmaster of Rugby; a distinguished critic and
poet; and professor of poetry at Oxford。 The allusion is to
Arnold's essay; Sweetness and Light。 The phrase; 〃sweetness and
light;〃 is one which Aesop uses in Swift's Battle of the Books to
sum up the superiority of the ancients over the moderns。 〃As for
us; the ancients; we are content; with the bee; to pretend to
nothing of our own beyond our wings and our voice; that is to say;
our flights and our language; for the rest; whatever we have got
has been by infinite labor and search; and ranging through every
corner of nature; the difference is; that instead of dirt and
poison we have rather chose to fill our hives with honey and wax;
thus furnishing mankind with the two noblest things; which are
sweetness and light。〃 Arnold's purpose in the essay is to define
the cultured man as one who endeavors to make beauty and
intelligence prevail everywhere。
'118'
Abbe Trembley (1700…1784): a Swiss naturalist。 He wrote 〃Memoires
pour servir a l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce; a bras
en forme de cornes。〃
'119'
Bernard de Jussieu (1699…1776): a French botanist; founder of the
natural classification of plants。 He was superintendent of the
Trianon Gardens。
'120'
Guettard (1715…1786): a French naturalist。
'121'
Monte Nuovo within the old crater of Somma: Monte Nuovo; a mountain
west of Naples; Somma; a mountain north of Vesuvius which with its
lofty; semicircular cliff encircles the active cone of Vesuvius。
'122'
Mauritius: an island in the Indian Ocean; Huxley visited the island
when on the voyage with the Rattlesnake。 He wrote to his mother of
his visit: 〃This island is; you know; the scene of Saint Pierre's
beautiful story of Paul and Virginia; over which I suppose most
people have sentimentalized at one time or another of their lives。
Until we reached here I did not know that the tale was like the
lady's improvera fiction founded on fact; and that Paul and
Virginia were at one time flesh and blood; and that their veritable
dust was buried at Pamplemousses in a spot considered as one of the
lions of the place; and visited as classic ground。〃
'123'
Mr。 Darwin's coral reefs: The Structure and Distribution of Coral
Reefs; published in 1848。
'124'
Professor Jukes (1811…1869): an English geologist。
'125'
Mr。 Dana (1813…1895): a well…known American geologist and
mineralogist; a professor at Yale from 1845。 He wrote a number of
books among which is Coral and Coral Reefs。
'126'
Jurassic period: that part of the geological series which is older
than the Cretaceous and newer than the Triassic; so called from the
predominance of rocks of this age in the Jura Mountains。 The three
great divisions of fossiliferous rocks are called the Triassic; the
Jurassic; and the Cretaceous。
REFERENCE BOOKS
The following reference books are suggested for a more complete
treatment of various points in the text:
Andrews' History of England。
Green's Short History of the English People。
Traill's Social England。
Roger's A Student's History of Philosophy。
Royce's The Spirit of Modern Philosophy。
Huxley's Life and Letters。
Smalley's Mr。 Huxley; in Scribner's Magazine for October; 1905。
Darwin's Life and Letters。
End