贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > autobiography and selected essays >

第39章

autobiography and selected essays-第39章

小说: autobiography and selected essays 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!




holding office under the crown to take the oaths of supremacy and

of allegiance; to receive the sacrament according to the usage of

the Church of England; and to subscribe to the Declaration against

Transubstantiation。



'55'

Poll: an abbreviation and transliteration of 'Greek words'; 〃the

mob〃; university slang for the whole body of students taking merely

the degree of Bachelor of Arts; at Cambridge。



'56'

pluck: the rejection of a student; after examinations; who does not

come up to the standard。







ON A PIECE OF CHALK





'57'

On a Piece of Chalk: a lecture to working…men from Lay Sermons;

Addresses and Reviews。



'58'

Needles of the Isle of Wight: the needles are three white; pointed

rocks of chalk; resting on dark…colored bases; and rising abruptly

from the sea to a height of 100 feet。  Baedeker's Great Britain。



'59'

Lulworth in Dorset; to Flamborough Head: Lulworth is on the

southern coast of England; west of the Isle of Wight: Flamborough

Head is on the northeastern coast of England and extends into the

German Ocean。



'60'

Weald: a name given to an oval…shaped chalk area in England;

beginning near the Straits of Dover; and extending into the

counties of Kent; Surrey; Hants; and Sussex。



'61'

Lieut。 Brooke: Brooke devised an apparatus for deep…sea sounding

from which the weight necessary to sink the instrument rapidly; was

detached when it reached the bottom。  The object was to relieve the

strain on the rope caused by rapid soundings。  Improved apparatuses

have been invented since the time of Brooke。



'62'

Ehrenberg (1795…1876): a German naturalist noted for his studies of

Infusoria。



'63'

Bailey of West Point (1811…1857): an American naturalist noted for

his researches in microscopy。



'64'

enterprise of laying down the telegraph…cable: the first Atlantic

telegraph…cable between England and America was laid in 1858 by

Cyrus W。 Field of New York。  Messages were sent over it for a few

weeks; then it ceased to act。  A permanent cable was laid by Mr。

Field in 1866。



'65'

Dr。 Wallich (1786…1854): a Danish botanist and member of the Royal

Society。



'66'

Mr。 Sorby: President of the Geological Society of England; and

author of many papers on subjects connected with physical

geography。



'67'

Sir Charles Lyell (1797…1875): a British geologist; and one of the

first to uphold Darwin's Origin of Species。



'68'

Echinus: the sea…urchin; an animal which dwells in a spheroidal

shell built up from polygonal plates; and covered with sharp

spines。



'69'

Somme: a river of northern France which flows into the English

Channel northeast of Dieppe。



'70'

the chipped flints of Hoxne and Amiens: the rude instruments which

were made by primitive man were of chipped flint。  Numerous

discoveries of large flint implements have been made in the north

of France; near Amiens; and in England。  The first noted flint

implements were discovered in Hoxne; Suffolk; England; 1797。  Cf。

Evans' Ancient Stone Implements and Lyell's Antiquity of Man。



'71'

Rev。 Mr。 Gunn (1800…1881): an English naturalist。  Mr。 Gunn sent

from Tasmania a large number of plants and animals now in the

British Museum。



'72'

〃the whirligig of time〃: cf。 Shakespeare; Twelfth Night; Act V; se。

I; l。 395。



'73'

Euphrates and Hiddekel: cf。 Genesis ii; 14。



'74'

the great river; the river of Babylon: cf。 Genesis xv; 18



'75'

Without haste; but without rest: from Goethe's Zahme Xenien。  In a

letter to his sister; Huxley says: 〃And then perhaps by the

following of my favorite motto;



〃'Wie das Gestirn;

Ohne Hast;

Ohne Rast'



something may be done; and some of Sister Lizzie's fond

imaginations turn out not altogether untrue。〃  The quotation entire

is as follows:



Wie das Gestirn;

Ohne Hast;

Aber ohne Rast;

Drehe sich jeder

Um die eigne Last。







THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF EDUCATION (1882)





'76'

The Principal Subjects of Education: an extract from the essay;

Science and Art in Relation to Education。



'77'

this discussion: 〃this〃 refers to the last sentence in the

preceding paragraph; in which Huxley says that it will be

impossible to determine the amount of time to be given to the

principal subjects of education until it is determined 〃what the

principal subjects of education ought to be。〃



'78'

Francis Bacon: cf。 note '26'。



'79'

the best chance of being happy: In connection with Huxley's work on

the London School Board; his biographer says that Huxley did not

regard 〃intellectual training only from the utilitarian point of

view; he insisted; e。 g。; on the value of reading for amusement as

one of the most valuable uses to hardworked people。〃



'80'

〃Harmony in grey〃: cf。 with l。 34 in Browning's Andrea del Sarto。



'81'

Hobbes (1588…1679): noted for his views of human nature and of

politics。  According to Minto; 〃The merits ascribed to his style

are brevity; simplicity and precision。〃



'82'

Bishop Berkeley (1685…1753): an Irish prelate noted for his

philosophical writings and especially for his theory of vision

which was the foundation for modern investigations of the subject。

〃His style has always been esteemed admirable; simple; felicitous

and sweetly melodious。  His dialogues are sustained with great

skill。〃  Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature。



'83'

We have been recently furnished with in prose: The Iliad of Homer

translated by Lang; Leaf and Myers; the first edition of which

appeared in 1882; is probably the one to which Huxley refers。  The

Odyssey; translated by Butcher and Lang; appeared in 1879。  Among

the best of the more recent translations of Homer are the Odyssey

by George Herbert Palmer; the Iliad by Arthur S。 Way; and the

Odyssey by the same author。



'84'

Locke (1632…1704): an English philosopher of great influence。  His

chief work is An Essay Concerning Human Understanding。



'85'

Franciscus Bacon sic cogitavit: thus Francis Bacon thought。







THE METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION (1863)





'86'

The Method of Scientific Investigation is an extract from the third

of six lectures given to workingmen on The Causes of the Phenomena

of Organic Nature in Darwiniana。



'87'

these terrible apparatus: apparatus is the form for both the

singular and plural; apparatuses is another form for the plural。



'88'

Incident in one of Moliere's plays: the allusion is to the hero;

M。 Jourdain in the play; 〃La Bourgeois Gentilbomme。〃



'89'

these kind: modern writers regard kind as singular。  Shakespeare

treated it as a plural noun; as 〃These kind of knaves I knew。〃



'90'

Newton: cf。 '30'。



'91'

Laplace (1749…1827): a celebrated French astronomer and

mathematician。  He is best known for his theory of the formation of

the planetary systems; the so…called 〃nebular hypothesis。〃  Until

recently this hypothesis has generally been accepted in its main

outlines。  It is now being supplanted by the 〃Spiral Nebular

Hypothesis〃 developed by Professors Moulton and Chamberlin of the

University of Chicago。  See Moulton's Introduction to Astronomy; p。

463。







ON THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIFE (1868)





'92'

On the Physical Basis of Life: from Methods and Results; also

published in Lay Sermons; Addresses and Reviews。  〃The substance of

this paper was contained in a discourse which was delivered in

Edinburgh on the evening of Sunday; the 8th of November; 1868

being the first of a series of Sunday evening addresses upon non…

theological topics; instituted by the Rev。 J。 Cranbrook。  Some

phrases; which could possess only a transitory and local interest;

have been omitted; instead of the newspaper report of the

Archbishop of York's address; his Grace's subsequently published

pamphlet On the Limits of Philosophical inquiry is quoted; and I

have; h

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的