the tao teh king(道德经)-第7章
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by…ways。
3。 Their court（…yards and buildings） shall be well kept； but their fields
shall be ill…cultivated； and their granaries very empty。 They shall wear
elegant and ornamented robes； carry a sharp sword at their girdle； pamper
themselves in eating and drinking； and have a superabundance of property
and wealth；such （princes） may be called robbers and boasters。 This is
contrary to the Tao surely！
54。 1。 What （Tao's） skilful planter plants Can never be uptorn；
What his skilful arms enfold； From him can ne'er be borne。
Sons shall bring in lengthening line； Sacrifices to his shrine。
2。 Tao when nursed within one's self； His vigour will make true；
And where the family it rules What riches will accrue！ The
neighbourhood where it prevails In thriving will abound； And
when 'tis seen throughout the state； Good fortune will be found。
Employ it the kingdom o'er； And men thrive all around。
3。 In this way the effect will be seen in the person； by the observation
of different cases； in the family； in the neighbourhood； in the state； and in
the kingdom。
4。 How do I know that this effect is sure to hold thus all under the sky？
By this （method of observation）。
55。 1。 He who has in himself abundantly the attributes （of the Tao） is
like an infant。 Poisonous insects will not sting him； fierce beasts will not
seize him； birds of prey will not strike him。
2。 （The infant's） bones are weak and its sinews soft； but yet its grasp is
firm。 It knows not yet the union of male and female； and yet its virile
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THE TAO TEH KING； OR THE TAO AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
member may be excited；showing the perfection of its physical essence。
All day long it will cry without its throat becoming hoarse；showing the
harmony （in its constitution）。
3。 To him by whom this harmony is known； （The secret of） the
unchanging （Tao） is shown； And in the knowledge wisdom finds its
throne。 All life…increasing arts to evil turn； Where the mind makes
the vital breath to burn； （False） is the strength； （and o'er it we should
mourn。）
4。 When things have become strong； they （then） become old； which
may be said to be contrary to the Tao。 Whatever is contrary to the Tao
soon ends。
56。 1。 He who knows （the Tao） does not （care to） speak （about it）； he
who is （ever ready to） speak about it does not know it。
2。 He （who knows it） will keep his mouth shut and close the portals （of
his nostrils）。 He will blunt his sharp points and unravel the
complications of things； he will attemper his brightness； and bring himself
into agreement with the obscurity （of others）。 This is called 'the
Mysterious Agreement。'
3。 （Such an one） cannot be treated familiarly or distantly； he is beyond
all consideration of profit or injury； of nobility or meanness：he is the
noblest man under heaven。
57。 1。 A state may be ruled by （measures of） correction； weapons of
war may be used with crafty dexterity； （but） the kingdom is made one's
own （only） by freedom from action and purpose。
2。 How do I know that it is so？ By these facts：In the kingdom the
multiplication of prohibitive enactments increases the poverty of the
people； the more implements to add to their profit that the people have； the
greater disorder is there in the state and clan； the more acts of crafty
dexterity that men possess； the more do strange contrivances appear； the
more display there is of legislation； the more thieves and robbers there are。
3。 Therefore a sage has said； 'I will do nothing （of purpose）； and the
people will be transformed of themselves； I will be fond of keeping still；
and the people will of themselves become correct。 I will take no trouble
about it； and the people will of themselves become rich； I will manifest no
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ambition； and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive
simplicity。'
58。 1。 The government that seems the most unwise； Oft goodness
to the people best supplies； That which is meddling； touching
everything； Will work but ill； and disappointment bring。
Misery！happiness is to be found by its side！ Happiness！misery
lurks beneath it！ Who knows what either will come to in the end？
2。 Shall we then dispense with correction？ The （method of）
correction shall by a turn become distortion； and the good in it shall by a
turn become evil。 The delusion of the people （on this point） has indeed
subsisted for a long time。
3。 Therefore the sage is （like） a square which cuts no one （with its
angles）； （like） a corner which injures no one （with its sharpness）。 He is
straightforward； but allows himself no license； he is bright； but does not
dazzle。
59。 1。 For regulating the human （in our constitution） and rendering
the （proper） service to the heavenly； there is nothing like moderation。
2。 It is only by this moderation that there is effected an early return （to
man's normal state）。 That early return is what I call the repeated
accumulation of the attributes （of the Tao）。 With that repeated
accumulation of those attributes； there comes the subjugation （of every
obstacle to such return）。 Of this subjugation we know not what shall be
the limit； and when one knows not what the limit shall be； he may be the
ruler of a state。
3。 He who possesses the mother of the state may continue long。 His
case is like that （of the plant） of which we say that its roots are deep and
its flower stalks firm：this is the way to secure that its enduring life shall
long be seen。
60。 1。 Governing a great state is like cooking small fish。
2。 Let the kingdom be governed according to the Tao； and the manes
of the departed will not manifest their spiritual energy。 It is not that those
manes have not that spiritual energy； but it will not be employed to hurt
men。 It is not that it could not hurt men； but neither does the ruling sage
hurt them。
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3。 When these two do not injuriously affect each other； their good
influences converge in the virtue （of the Tao）。
61。 1。 What makes a great state is its being （like） a low…lying； down…
flowing （stream）；it becomes the centre to which tend （all the small states）
under heaven。
2。 （To illustrate from） the case of all females：the female always
overcomes the male by her stillness。 Stillness may be considered （a sort
of） abasement。
3。 Thus it is that a great state； by condescending to small states； gains
them for itself； and that small states； by abasing themselves to a great state；
win it over to them。 In the one case the abasement leads to gaining
adherents； in the other case to procuring favour。
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