the tao teh king(道德经)-第6章
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and princes use for themselves。 So it is that some things are increased by
being diminished； and others are diminished by being increased。
3。 What other men （thus） teach； I also teach。 The violent and strong
do not die their natural death。 I will make this the basis of my teaching。
43。 1。 The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes
the hardest； that which has no （substantial） existence enters where there is
no crevice。 I know hereby what advantage belongs to doing nothing
（with a purpose）。
2。 There are few in the world who attain to the teaching without words；
and the advantage arising from non…action。
44。 1。 Or fame or life； Which do you hold more dear？ Or
life or wealth； To which would you adhere？ Keep life and lose
those other things； Keep them and lose your life：which brings
Sorrow and pain more near？
2。 Thus we may see； Who cleaves to fame Rejects what
is more great； Who loves large stores Gives up the richer state。
3。 Who is content Needs fear no shame。 Who knows to stop
Incurs no blame。 From danger free Long live shall he。
45。 1。 Who thinks his great achievements poor Shall find his
vigour long endure。 Of greatest fulness； deemed a void；
Exhaustion ne'er shall stem the tide。 Do thou what's straight still
crooked deem； Thy greatest art still stupid seem； And eloquence a
stammering scream。
2。 Constant action overcomes cold； being still overcomes heat。
Purity and stillness give the correct law to all under heaven。
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46。 1。 When the Tao prevails in the world； they send back their swift
horses to （draw） the dung…carts。 When the Tao is disregarded in the
world； the war…horses breed in the border lands。
2。 There is no guilt greater than to sanction ambition； no calamity
greater than to be discontented with one's lot； no fault greater than the
wish to be getting。 Therefore the sufficiency of contentment is an
enduring and unchanging sufficiency。
47。 1。 Without going outside his door； one understands （all that takes
place） under the sky； without looking out from his window； one sees the
Tao of Heaven。 The farther that one goes out （from himself）； the less he
knows。
2。 Therefore the sages got their knowledge without travelling； gave
their （right） names to things without seeing them； and accomplished their
ends without any purpose of doing so。
48。 1。 He who devotes himself to learning （seeks） from day to day to
increase （his knowledge）； he who devotes himself to the Tao （seeks） from
day to day to diminish （his doing）。
2。 He diminishes it and again diminishes it； till he arrives at doing
nothing （on purpose）。 Having arrived at this point of non…action； there is
nothing which he does not do。
3。 He who gets as his own all under heaven does so by giving himself
no trouble （with that end）。 If one take trouble （with that end）； he is not
equal to getting as his own all under heaven。
49。 1。 The sage has no invariable mind of his own； he makes the mind
of the people his mind。
2。 To those who are good （to me）； I am good； and to those who are not
good （to me）； I am also good；and thus （all） get to be good。 To those
who are sincere （with me）； I am sincere； and to those who are not sincere
（with me）； I am also sincere；and thus （all） get to be sincere。
3。 The sage has in the world an appearance of indecision； and keeps
his mind in a state of indifference to all。 The people all keep their eyes
and ears directed to him； and he deals with them all as his children。
50。 1。 Men come forth and live； they enter （again） and die。
2。 Of every ten three are ministers of life （to themselves）； and three are
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THE TAO TEH KING； OR THE TAO AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
ministers of death。
3。 There are also three in every ten whose aim is to live； but whose
movements tend to the land （or place） of death。 And for what reason？
Because of their excessive endeavours to perpetuate life。
4。 But I have heard that he who is skilful in managing the life entrusted
to him for a time travels on the land without having to shun rhinoceros or
tiger； and enters a host without having to avoid buff coat or sharp weapon。
The rhinoceros finds no place in him into which to thrust its horn； nor the
tiger a place in which to fix its claws； nor the weapon a place to admit its
point。 And for what reason？ Because there is in him no place of death。
51。 1。 All things are produced by the Tao； and nourished by its
outflowing operation。 They receive their forms according to the nature
of each； and are completed according to the circumstances of their
condition。 Therefore all things without exception honour the Tao； and
exalt its outflowing operation。
2。 This honouring of the Tao and exalting of its operation is not the
result of any ordination； but always a spontaneous tribute。
3。 Thus it is that the Tao produces （all things）； nourishes them； brings
them to their full growth； nurses them； completes them； matures them；
maintains them； and overspreads them。
4。 It produces them and makes no claim to the possession of them； it
carries them through their processes and does not vaunt its ability in doing
so； it brings them to maturity and exercises no control over them；this is
called its mysterious operation。
52。 1。 （The Tao） which originated all under the sky is to be
considered as the mother of them all。
2。 When the mother is found； we know what her children should be。
When one knows that he is his mother's child； and proceeds to guard （the
qualities of） the mother that belong to him； to the end of his life he will be
free from all peril。
3。 Let him keep his mouth closed； and shut up the portals （of his
nostrils）； and all his life he will be exempt from laborious exertion。 Let
him keep his mouth open； and （spend his breath） in the promotion of his
affairs； and all his life there will be no safety for him。
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4。 The perception of what is small is （the secret of clear… sightedness；
the guarding of what is soft and tender is （the secret of） strength。
5。 Who uses well his light； Reverting to its （source so） bright；
Will from his body ward all blight； And hides the unchanging from
men's sight。
53。 1。 If I were suddenly to become known； and （put into a position to）
conduct （a government） according to the Great Tao； what I should be most
afraid of would be a boastful display。
2。 The great Tao （or way） is very level and easy； but people love the
by…ways。
3。 Their court（…yards and buildings） shall be well kept； but their fields
shall be ill…cultivated； and their granaries very empty。
