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god the known and god the unknown-第7章

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this be the incoherency of prophecy which precedes the successful 

mastering of an idea? May we not think of this illusory 

expression as having arisen from inability to see the whereabouts 

of a certain vast but tangible Person as to whose existence men 

were nevertheless clear? If they felt that it existed; and yet 

could not say where; nor wherein it was to be laid hands on; they 

would be very likely to get out of the difficulty by saying that 

it existed as an infinite Spirit; partly from a desire to magnify 

what they felt must be so vast and powerful; and partly because 

they had as yet only a vague conception of what they were aiming 

at; and must; therefore; best express it vaguely。



We must not be surprised that when an idea is still inchoate its 

expression should be inconsistent and imperfect…ideas will almost 

always during the earlier history of a thought be put together 

experimentally so as to see whether or no they will cohere。  

Partly out of indolence; partly out of the desire of those who 

brought the ideas together to be declared right; and partly out 

of joy that the truth should be supposed found; incoherent ideas 

will be kept together longer than they should be; nevertheless 

they will in the end detach themselves and go; if others present 

themselves which fit into their place better。  There is no 

consistency which has not once been inconsistent; nor coherency 

that has not been incoherent。  The incoherency of our ideas 

concerning God is due to the fact that we have not yet truly 

found him; but it does not argue that he does not exist and 

cannot be found anywhere after more diligent search; on the 

contrary; the persistence of the main idea; in spite of the 

incoherency of its details; points strongly in the direction of 

believing that it rests upon a foundation in fact。



But it must be remembered there can be no God who is not personal 

and material: and if personal; then; though inconceivably vast in 

comparison with man; still limited in space and time; and capable 

of making mistakes concerning his own interests; though as a 

general rule right in his estimates concerning them。  Where; then; 

is this Being? He must be on earth; or what folly can be greater 

than speaking of him as a person? What are persons on any other 

earth to us; or we to them? He must have existed and be going to 

exist through all time; and he must have a tangible body。  Where; 

then; is the body of this God? And what is the mystery of his 

Incarnation?



It will be my business to show this in the following chapter。





                          CHAPTER VI



                       THE TREE OF LIFE



Atheism denies knowledge of a God of any kind。  Pantheism and 

Theism alike profess to give us a God; but they alike fail to 

perform what they have promised。  We can know nothing of the God 

they offer us; for not even do they themselves profess that any 

of our senses can be cognisant 'sic' of him。  They tell us that he 

is a personal God; but that he has no material person。  This is 

disguised Atheism。  What we want is a Personal God; the glory of 

whose Presence can be made in part evident to our senses; though 

what we can realise 'sic' is less than nothing in comparison with 

what we must leave for ever unimagined。



And truly such a God is not far from every one of us; for if we 

survey the broader and deeper currents of men's thoughts during 

the last three thousand years; we may observe two great and 

steady sets as having carried away with them the more eligible 

races of mankind。  The one is a tendency from Polytheism to 

Monotheism; the other from Polytypism to Monotypism of the 

earliest forms of life…all animal and vegetable forms having at 

length come to be regarded as differentiations of a single 

substance…to wit; protoplasm。



No man does well so to kick against the pricks as to set himself 

against tendencies of such depth; strength; and permanence as 

this。  If he is to be in harmony with the dominant opinion of his 

own and of many past ages; he will see a single God…impregnate 

substance as having been the parent from which all living forms 

have sprung。  One spirit; and one form capable of such 

modification as its directing spirit shall think fit; one soul 

and one body; one God and one Life。



For the time has come when the two unities so painfully arrived 

at must be joined together as body and soul; and be seen not as 

two; but one。  There is no living organism untenanted by the 

Spirit of God; nor any Spirit of God perceivable by man apart 

from organism embodying and expressing it。  God and the Life of 

the World are like a mountain; which will present different 

aspects as we look at it from different sides; but which; when we 

have gone all round it; proves to be one only。  God is the animal 

and vegetable world; and the animal and vegetable world is God。



I have repeatedly said that we ought to see all animal and 

vegetable life as uniting to form a single personality。  I should 

perhaps explain this more fully; for the idea of a compound 

person is one which at first is not very easy to grasp; inasmuch 

as we are not conscious of any but our more superficial aspects; 

and have therefore until lately failed to understand that we are 

ourselves compound persons。  I may perhaps be allowed to quote 

from an earlier work。



〃Each cell in the human body is now admitted by physiologists to 

be a person with an intelligent soul; differing from our own more 

complex soul in degree and not in kind; and; like ourselves; 

being born; living; and dying。  It would appear; then; as though 

'we;' 'our souls;' or 'selves;' or 'personalities;' or by 

whatever name we may prefer to be called; are but the 

consensus and full… flowing stream of countless sensations 

and impulses on the part of our tributary souls or 'selves;' who 

probably no more know that we exist; and that they exist as a 

part of us; than a microscopic insect knows the results of 

spectrum analysis; or than an agricultural labourer 'sic' knows 

the working of the British Constitution; and of whom we know no 

more than we do of the habits and feelings of some class widely 

separated from our own。〃…(〃Life and Habit;〃 p。  110。)



After which it became natural to ask the following question :… 

〃Is it possible to avoid imagining that we may be ourselves 

atoms; undesignedly combining to form some vaster being; though 

we are utterly incapable of perceiving this being as a single 

individual; or of realising 'sic' the scheme and scope of our own 

combination? And this; too; not a spiritual being; which; without 

matter or what we think matter of some sort; is as complete 

nonsense to us as though men bade us love and lean upon an 

intelligent vacuum; but a being with what is virtually flesh and 

blood and bones; with organs; senses; dimensions in some way 

analogous to our own; into some other part of which being at the 

time of our great change we must infallibly re…enter; starting 

clean anew; with bygones bygones; and no more ache for ever from 

age or antecedents。



〃'An organic being;' writes Mr。  Darwin; 'is a microcosm; a little 

universe; formed of a host of self…propagating organisms 

inconceivably minute and numerous as the stars in Heaven。'  As 

these myriads of smaller organisms are parts and processes of us; 

so are we parts and processes of life at large。〃



A tree is composed of a multitude of subordinate trees; each bud 

being a distinct individual。  So coral polypes 'sic' form a tree…

like growth of animal life; with branches from which spring 

individual polypes 'sic' that are connected by a common tissue 

and supported by a common skeleton。  We have no difficulty in 

seeing a unity in multitude; and a multitude in unity here; 

because we can observe the wood and the gelatinous tissue 

connecting together all the individuals whic

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