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god the known and god the unknown-第4章

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considered as a splendid prophecy; but as little more than a 

prophecy。  He continues; 〃Birth is expansion from the one centre 

of Life; life is its continuance; and death is the necessary 

return of the ray to the centre of light。〃 This begins finely; 

but ends mystically。  I have not; however; compared the English 

translation with the original; and must reserve a fuller 

examination of Giordano Bruno's teaching for another opportunity。



Spinoza disbelieved in the world rather than in God。  He was an 

Acosmist; to use Jacobi's expression; rather than an Atheist。  

According to him; 〃the Deity and the Universe are but one 

substance; at the same time both spirit and matter; thought and 

extension; which are the only known attributes of the Deity。〃



My readers will; I think; agree with me that there is very little 

of the above which conveys ideas with the fluency and comfort 

which accompany good words。  Words are like servants: it is not 

enough that we should have them…we must have the most able and 

willing that we can find; and at the smallest wages that will 

content them。  Having got them we must make the best and not the 

worst of them。  Surely; in the greater part of what has been 

quoted above; the words are barren letters only: they do not 

quicken within us and enable us to conceive a thought; such as we 

can in our turn impress upon dead matter; and mould 'sic' that 

matter into another shape than its own; through the thought which 

has become alive within us。  No offspring of ideas has followed 

upon them; or; if any at all; yet in such unwonted shape; and 

with such want of alacrity; that we loathe them as malformations 

and miscarriages of our minds。  Granted that if we examine them 

closely we shall at length find them to embody a little germ of 

truth…that is to say; of coherency with our other ideas; but 

there is too little truth in proportion to the trouble necessary 

to get at it。  We can get more truth; that is to say; more 

coherency…for truth and coherency are one…for less trouble in 

other ways。



But it may be urged that the beginnings of all tasks are 

difficult and unremunerative; and that later developments of 

Pantheism may be more intelligible than the earlier ones。  

Unfortunately; this is not the case。  On continuing Mr。  Blunt's 

article; I find the later Pantheists a hundredfold more 

perplexing than the earlier ones。  With Kant; Schelling; Fichte; 

and Hegel; we feel that we are with men who have been decoyed 

into a hopeless quagmire; we understand nothing of their 

language…we doubt whether they understand themselves; and feel 

that we can do nothing with them but look at them and pass them 

by。



In my next chapter I propose to show the end which the early 

Pantheists were striving after; and the reason and naturalness of 

their error。





                           CHAPTER IV



                          PANTHEISM。  II



The earlier Pantheists were misled by the endeavour 'sic' to lay 

hold of two distinct ideas; the one of which was a reality that 

has since been grasped and is of inestimable value; the other a 

phantom which has misled all who have followed it。  The reality is 

the unity of Life; the oneness of the guiding and animating 

spirit which quickens animals and plants; so that they are all 

the outcome and expression of a common mind; and are in truth one 

animal; the phantom is the endeavour 'sic' to find the origin of 

things; to reach the fountain…head of all energy; and thus to lay 

the foundations on which a philosophy may be constructed which 

none can accuse of being baseless; or of arguing in a circle。



In following as through a thick wood after the phantom our 

forefathers from time to time caught glimpses of the reality; 

which seemed so wonderful as it eluded them; and flitted back 

again into the thickets; that they declared it must be the 

phantom they were in search of; which was thus evidenced as 

actually existing。  Whereon; instead of mastering such of the 

facts they met with as could be captured easily…which facts would 

have betrayed the hiding…places of others; and these again of 

others; and so ad infinitum…they overlooked what was 

within their reach; and followed hotly through brier and brake 

after an imaginary greater prize。



Great thoughts are not to be caught in this way。  They must 

present themselves for capture of their own free will; or be 

taken after a little coyness only。  They are like wealth and 

power; which; if a man is not born to them; are the more likely 

to take him; the more he has restrained himself from an attempt 

to snatch them。  They hanker after those only who have tamed their 

nearer thoughts。  Nevertheless; it is impossible not to feel that 

the early Pantheists were true prophets and seers; though the 

things were unknown to them without which a complete view was 

unattainable。  What does Linus mean; we ask ourselves; when he 

says :… 〃One sole energy governs all things〃 ? How can one sole 

energy govern; we will say; the reader and the chair on which he 

sits? What is meant by an energy governing a chair? If by an 

effort we have made ourselves believe we understand something 

which can be better expressed by these words than by any others; 

no sooner do we turn our backs than the ideas so painfully 

collected fly apart again。  No matter how often we go in search of 

them; and force them into juxtaposition; they prove to have none 

of that innate coherent power with which ideas combine that we 

can hold as true and profitable。



Yet if Linus had confined his statement to living things; and had 

said that one sole energy governed all plants and animals; he 

would have come near both to being intelligible and true。  For if; 

as we now believe; all animals and plants are descended from a 

single cell; they must be considered as cousins to one another; 

and as forming a single tree…like animal; every individual plant 

or animal of which is as truly one and the same person with the 

primordial cell as the oak a thousand years old is one and the 

same plant with the acorn out of which it has grown。  This is 

easily understood; but will; I trust; be made to appear simpler 

presently。



When Linus says; 〃All things are unity; and each portion is All; 

for of one integer all things were born;〃 it is impossible for 

plain people…who do not wish to use words unless they mean the 

same things by them as both they and others have been in the 

habit of meaning…to understand what is intended。  How can each 

portion be all? How can one Londoner be all London? I know that 

this; too; can in a way be shown; but the resulting idea is too 

far to fetch; and when fetched does not fit in well enough with 

our other ideas to give it practical and commercial value。  How; 

again; can all things be said to be born of one integer; unless 

the statement is confined to living things; which can alone be 

born at all; and unless a theory of evolution is intended; such 

as Linus would hardly have accepted?



Yet limit the 〃all things〃 to 〃all living things;〃 grant the 

theory of evolution; and explain 〃each portion is All〃 to mean 

that all life is akin; and possesses the same essential 

fundamental characteristics; and it is surprising how nearly 

Linus approaches both to truth and intelligibility。



It may be said that the animate and the inanimate have the same 

fundamental substance; so that a chair might rot and be absorbed 

by grass; which grass might be eaten by a cow; which cow might be 

eaten by a man; and by similar processes the man might become a 

chair; but these facts are not presented to the mind by saying 

that 〃one energy governs all things〃…a chair; we will say; and a 

man; we could only say that one energy governed a man and a 

chair; if the chair were a reasonable living person; who was 

actively and consciously engaged in helping t

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